Long-term histological follow-up of genetically modified myoblasts grafted into the brain

Object. The authors assessed the long-term result of gamma knife surgery (GKS) for hemangioblastomas of the brain (HABs) and show histopathological findings after GKS. Methods. Thirty-five patients, 28 men and seven women, with a mean age of 36 years underwent GKS. Eighteen patients presented with multiple tumors and 17 with a solitary tumor. Twenty-one patients had von Hippel—Lindau (VHL) disease. The mean tumor diameter was 13 mm (range 5–55 mm). The mean follow up after GKS was 66 months (range 24–114 months). The mean prescription dose was 17.2 Gy (range 12–24 Gy) at the tumor margin. For tumors close to or within the brainstem a prescription dose of 12 to 13 Gy was used. At the most recent follow up, 29 patients were alive, six were dead, and satisfactory tumor control had been achieved in 29. A stable or improved neurological status was obtained in 21 patients. Eight patients underwent open surgery because of tumor-associated cyst enlargement or the development of new tumors after GKS. Seven patients developed new tumors and five of them required a second GKS. The 1-year tumor control rate was 94%; 2 years, 85%; 3 years, 82%; 4 years, 79%; and 5 years, 71%. Histopathology showed that no tumor cells were found and there was degeneration and necrosis in a tumor nodule 48 months after GKS with a prescription dose of 18 Gy. Conclusions. Gamma knife surgery was a useful choice for small- or medium-sized, solid HAB in the long term, especially when the tumor margin dose was 18 Gy. Although GKS can treat multiple tumors in a single session, for HABs associated with VHL disease, GKS faces the dual problems of tumor recurrence or development of a new tumor.

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Long-term follow-up of vanishing tumors in the brain: How should a lesion mimicking primary CNS lymphoma be managed?

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.02.053 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 114 (9) ◽

pp. 1217-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yoshiko Okita ◽

Yoshitaka Narita ◽

Yasuji Miyakita ◽

Makoto Ohno ◽

Shintaro Fukushima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽

Cns Lymphoma ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

The Brain

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Residual Pituitary Function after Brain Injury-Induced Hypopituitarism: A Prospective 12-Month Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2005-0504 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 6085-6092 ◽

Cited By ~ 224

Author(s):

Gianluca Aimaretti ◽

Maria Rosaria Ambrosio ◽

Carolina Di Somma ◽

Maurizio Gasperi ◽

Salvatore Cannavò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

High Risk ◽

Gh Deficiency ◽

Pituitary Function ◽

Brain Injured ◽

Injured Patients ◽

The Brain ◽

Over Time

Abstract Context: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are conditions at high risk for the development of hypopituitarism. Objective: The objective of the study was to clarify whether pituitary deficiencies and normal pituitary function recorded at 3 months would improve or worsen at 12 months after the brain injury. Design and Patients: Pituitary function was tested at 3 and 12 months in patients who had TBI (n = 70) or SAH (n = 32). Results: In TBI, the 3-month evaluation had shown hypopituitarism (H) in 32.8%. Panhypopituitarism (PH), multiple (MH), and isolated (IH) hypopituitarism had been demonstrated in 5.7, 5.7, and 21.4%, respectively. The retesting demonstrated some degree of H in 22.7%. PH, MH, and IH were present in 5.7, 4.2, and 12.8%, respectively. PH was always confirmed at 12 months, whereas MH and IH were confirmed in 25% only. In 5.5% of TBI with no deficit at 3 months, IH was recorded at retesting. In 13.3% of TBI with IH at 3 months, MH was demonstrated at 12-month retesting. In SAH, the 3-month evaluation had shown H in 46.8%. MH and IH had been demonstrated in 6.2 and 40.6%, respectively. The retesting demonstrated H in 37.5%. MH and IH were present in 6.2 and 31.3%, respectively. Although no MH was confirmed at 12 months, two patients with IH at 3 months showed MH at retesting; 30.7% of SAH with IH at 3 months displayed normal pituitary function at retesting. In SAH, normal pituitary function was always confirmed. In TBI and SAH, the most common deficit was always severe GH deficiency. Conclusion: There is high risk for H in TBI and SAH patients. Early diagnosis of PH is always confirmed in the long term. Pituitary function in brain-injured patients may improve over time but, although rarely, may also worsen. Thus, brain-injured patients must undergo neuroendocrine follow-up over time.

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Long-term Follow-up of Tuberculoma of the Brain in an AIDS Patient

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.101.1.278 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 278-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Charlotte Malasky ◽

Lee B. Reichman

Keyword(s):

Long Term Follow Up ◽

The Brain

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The Brain Symptom and Impact Questionnaire in brain metastases patients: a prospective long-term follow-up study

CNS Oncology ◽

10.2217/cns.15.41 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Natalie Pulenzas ◽

Saurabh Ray ◽

Liying Zhang ◽

Rachel McDonald ◽

David Cella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Metastases ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

The Brain

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Risk of New Cancers After Radiotherapy in Long-Term Survivors of Retinoblastoma: An Extended Follow-Up

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2005.05.054 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2272-2279 ◽

Cited By ~ 308

Author(s):

Ruth A. Kleinerman ◽

Margaret A. Tucker ◽

Robert E. Tarone ◽

David H. Abramson ◽

Johanna M. Seddon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Tumor Registry ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Medical Centers ◽

New Information ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Long Term Survivors ◽

The Brain

Purpose Many children diagnosed with retinoblastoma (Rb) survive into adulthood and are prone to subsequent cancers, particularly hereditary patients, who have germline Rb-1 mutations. We have extended the follow-up of a large cohort of Rb patients for 7 more years to provide new information on the risk of additional cancers after radiotherapy in long-term survivors. Patients and Methods We analyzed the risk of new cancers through 2000 in 1,601 Rb survivors, diagnosed from 1914 to 1984, at two US medical centers. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated as the ratio of the observed number of cancers after hereditary and nonhereditary Rb to the expected number from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. The cumulative incidence of a new cancer after hereditary and nonhereditary Rb and radiotherapy was calculated with adjustment for competing risk of death. Results Subsequent cancer risk in 963 hereditary patients (SIR, 19; 95% CI, 16 to 21) exceeded the risk in 638 nonhereditary Rb patients (SIR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.0). Radiation further increased the risk of another cancer in hereditary patients by 3.1-fold (95% CI, 2.0 to 5.3). Hereditary patients continued to be at significantly increased risk for sarcomas, melanoma, and cancers of the brain and nasal cavities. The cumulative incidence for developing a new cancer at 50 years after diagnosis of Rb was 36% (95% CI, 31% to 41%) for hereditary and 5.7% (95% CI, 2.4% to 11%) for nonhereditary patients. Conclusion Hereditary Rb predisposes to a variety of new cancers over time, with radiotherapy further enhancing the risk of tumors arising in the radiation field.

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Calcified cephalohematoma as an unusual cause of EEG anomalies: case report

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2016.6.peds16120 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vera Vigo ◽

Domenica Immacolata Battaglia ◽

Paolo Frassanito ◽

Gianpiero Tamburrini ◽

Massimo Caldarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Injuries ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Indication For Surgery ◽

Eeg Abnormalities ◽

Skull Deformity ◽

First Time ◽

The Brain

Cephalohematoma, one of the most common neonatal head injuries, generally undergoes spontaneous resorption. When calcified, it may cause cranial vault distortion and depression of the inner skull layer, although it remains asymptomatic. Surgery, indeed, is usually performed for cosmetic purposes. For these reasons, the long-term effects of calcified cephalohematoma (CC) are widely unknown. The authors report the case of an 11-year-old girl with a persistent calcified CC causing skull deformity and delayed electroencephalography (EEG) anomalies. These anomalies were detected during routine control EEG and were not clinically evident. The young girl underwent surgical removal of the CC for cosmetic purpose. The EEG abnormalities disappeared after surgery, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of a correlation with the brain “compression” resulting from the CC. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first time that CC-associated EEG anomalies have been described: even though these anomalies cannot be considered an indication for surgery, they merit late follow-up in case of skull deformity.

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