Normative standards for nasal cross-sectional areas by race as measured by acoustic rhinometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelynne P. Corey ◽  
Anil Gungor ◽  
Xiling Liu ◽  
Robert Nelson ◽  
Jeffrey Fredberg
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Acoustic rhinometry evaluates the geometry of the nasal cavity with acoustic reflections and provides information about nasal cross-sectional area and nasal volume within a given distance. Variations in internal nasal diameters have attracted increased interest since the advent of endoscopic surgical techniques. Race is known to be one of the most important factors affecting the nasal structure. In this study, we evaluated 106 healthy adult volunteers with acoustic rhinometry to determine internal nasal diameters and volumes and obtained normative data for four racial/ethnic groups. The data were analyzed with regard to race, sex, height, and weight. All measurements were made before and after the application of a topical nasal decongestant so that the effects of the nasal cycle were eliminated by decongestion.

A Comparison of the Nasal Cross-Sectional Areas and Volumes Obtained with Acoustic Rhinometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1997 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelynne P. Corey ◽  
Anil Gungor ◽  
Robert Nelson ◽  
Jeff Fredberg ◽  
Vincent Lai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Tip ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Mri Measurements

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) evaluates the geometry of the nasal cavity with acoustic reflections and provides information about nasal cross-sectional areas (CSA) and nasal volume within a given distance. The accuracy of the information obtained by AR was compared with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasal cavity. Five healthy subjects were evaluated with AR and the MRI before and after the application of a long-acting nasal decongestant spray, to eliminate possible interference of the nasal cycle with both measurement techniques. The MRI images of 2 mm coronal sections of the nasal cavity were traced by three independent observers and the CSAs were calculated by computer-aided imaging digitization, to be compared with the calculated CSAs obtained with the AR at the corresponding distance from the nasal tip. Digitized data from the MRI images were also used to calculate the nasal volume within the first 6 cm from the nasal tip and compared with the AR volume measurements. The interobserver variation of digitized MRI data predecongestant and postdecongestant was not significant. The correlations of CSA and volume measurements between the AR and MRI were high (0.969) after the application of the decongestant. The correlation between the AR and MRI measurements before the decongestant was low (0.345). This may have been the result of interference of the nasal cycle during the long MRI measurements (1 hour) or other unknown factors. We conclude that AR measurements of nasal CSAs and volumes provide accurate information when compared with the MRI of the decongested nasal airway.

Airflow and the Nasal Cycle: Nasal Patency Fluctuations after Laryngectomy

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Fisher ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Valerie J. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Postoperative Time ◽  
The Mean

A periodic fluctuation in nasal patency or “nasal cycle” is observed in the majority of adults but has not hitherto been demonstrated in individuals after diversion of nasal airflow. Acoustic rhinometry, a highly sensitive technique which does not require airflow, provided the opportunity to evaluate this situation in patients who had undergone laryngectomy. We examined 21 postoperative individuals (mean postoperative time 4 years) and 14 control subjects matched for age (including 2 patients prelaryngectomy). Acoustic rhinometry was performed serially over 3–8 hours to determine minimum cross-sectional area and nasal cavity volume as indices of nasal patency. Fluctuations in nasal patency were observed in all laryngectomees and controls. These were classified as classical (reciprocal alternating), in concert (parallel) or irregular. The distribution of the control and laryngectomy subjects between the cycle categories was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test: P > 0.05). The mean periodicity of the cycle was similar in the two groups (controls: 180 minutes, laryngectomees: 176 minutes), but the mean amplitude was significantly less in the laryngectomy group (68 versus 96 cm3; P < 0.07 Mann-Whitney U test). The nasal cycle can continue after cessation of airflow, but it is diminished in amplitude. Therefore, afferent input from nasal airflow receptors may continue to play a role in modulating the cycle's periodicity and amplitude, but are not responsible for generating the underlying cycle phenomenon.

Upper Airway Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-997
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Product ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Postnasal Drip ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Pathophysiology RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILK INTAKE AND MUCUS PRODUCTION IN ADULT VOLUNTEERS CHALLENGED WITH RHINOVIRUS-2 Pinnock CB, Graham NM, Mylvaganam A, Douglas RM. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141:352-356. Purpose of the Study This study was performed to investigate the widely held belief that "milk produces mucus." Study Population Included in the study were 60 adult volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years, who were nonsmokers, free of respiratory disease, and not taking regular medication. Methods Cross-sectional Study Design. After completing a personal history and dietary questionnaire, subjects were inoculated with Rhinovirus-2 and then lived communally for 10 days with food supplied by a caterer. At the onset of symptoms subjects were randomized to take either aspirin (4 g), paracetanol (4 g), ibuprofen (1.2 g), or placebo. Subjects recorded on a 4-point scale the severity of the following symptoms: runny nose, blocked nose, postnasal drip, loose cough, dry cough, and congestion. In addition, nasal secretion weights were measured by weighing tissues before and after use. Findings Fifty-six volunteers were infected successfully and shed virus on at least 4 days. Data were analyzed on 51 patients for whom satisfactory diaries were kept. There was no significant difference in overall symptoms or mucus production in the 4 treatment groups. However, patients taking aspirin, paracetamol, and ibuprofen reported higher nasal obstruction scores (P = .022) and experienced more nasal tubinate swelling (P = .026) than did those taking placebo. When present, a nonsignificant trend was observed for the patients' cough to be loose with increasing dairy product intake.

Acoustic rhinometry used as a method to monitor the effect of intramuscular injection of steroid in the treatment of nasal polyps

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Elbrønd ◽  
J. U. Feeding ◽  
K. M. Gustavsen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recurrent Nasal Polyposis

AbstractAcoustic rhinometry is a new method which describes the geometry of the nasal cavity and the epipharynx. The method, based on the reflection of an acoustic signal entered into the nasal cavity, can be used to evaluate the cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity asa function of distance from the nostril. The method has, together with nasal expiratory peak flow (NPF) and nasal index based upon a self assessment score, been used to evaluate, in an objective and dynamic way, the effect of systemic treatment of nasal polyps with steroids in a series of eight patients with recurrent nasal polyposis. The study shows a significant relationship between these three parameters before and after systemic treatment of nasal polyps with steroids. It is concluded that in this study acoustic rhinometry had an accurate and objective method for measuring the geometry of the nasal cavity before and after treatment for processes which block the nasal cavity.

scholarly journals Investigating the nasal cycle using unilateral peak nasal inspiratory flow and acoustic rhinometry minimal cross‐sectional area measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fan Min Tan ◽  
Katherine Lisa Whitcroft ◽  
Nishchay Mehta ◽  
Anne Schilder ◽  
Terence S. Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow

Acoustic Rhinometric Assessment of the Nasal Valve

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Roithmann ◽  
Jerry Chapnik ◽  
Noe Zamel ◽  
Sergio Menna Barreto ◽  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Valve Area

The aims of this study are to assess nasal valve cross-sectional areas in healthy noses and in patients with nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty and to evaluate the effect of an external nasal dilator on both healthy and obstructive nasal valves. Subjects consisted of (i) volunteers with no nasal symptoms, nasal cavities unremarkable to rhinoscopy and normal nasal resistance and (ii) patients referred to our clinic complaining of postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction. All subjects were tested before and after topical decongestion of the nasal mucosa and with an external nasal dilator. In 79 untreated healthy nasal cavities the nasal valve area showed two constrictions: the proximal constriction averaged 0.78 cm2 cross-section and was situated 1.18 cm from the nostril, the distal constriction averaged 0.70 cm2 cross-section at 2.86 cm from the nostril. Mucosal decongestion increased cross-sectional area of the distal constriction significantly (p < 0.0001) but not the proximal. External dilation increased cross-sectional area of both constrictions significantly (p < 0.0001). In 26 post-rhinoplasty obstructed nasal cavities, only a single constriction was detected, averaging 0.34 cm2 cross-section at 2.55 cm from the nostril and 0.4 cm2 at 2.46 cm from the nostril, before and after mucosal decongestion respectively. External dilation increased the minimum cross-sectional area to 0.64 cm2 in these nasal cavities (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the nasal valve area in patients with postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction is significantly smaller than in healthy nasal cavities as shown by acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry objectively determines the structural and mucovascular components of the nasal valve area and external dilation is an effective therapeutical approach in the management of nasal valve obstruction.

Correlation between chronic headaches and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle: A comparative analysis of cross-sectional trail

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ying Yuan ◽  
Sheng-Bo Yu ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Minor Muscle

Objective We aimed to investigate the morphological changes and potential correlation between chronic headaches and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi). Methods Comparison of RCPmi between patients with chronic headaches and healthy adult volunteers were collected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Mimics software. Results Among the 235 MRI images analyzed, the data between the two groups were considered statistically significant. The number of males was larger than that of females ( p < 0.001) and the headache group showed greater hypertrophy than the control group in both males ( p < 0.001) and females ( p = 0.001). Conclusions Chronic headaches were correlated with the RCPmi. Patients with chronic headaches suffered from more obvious hypertrophy than that of the control group. Additionally, it was supposed that RCPmi hypertrophy may be one pathogenesis of the chronic headaches.

scholarly journals Inhaled nasopharyngeal nitric oxide concentrations during unilateral nostril breathing – a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Stassen ◽  
Jim Bartley ◽  
Mehrdad Khamooshi ◽  
David White
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Sampling Tube ◽  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Abstract Objective: To assess the influence unilateral nostril breathing has on mean inhaled nasopharyngeal nitric oxide (NO) concentrations compared with unobstructed bilateral nostril breathing in individuals demonstrating a nasal cycle.Methods: After determining the patent and congested nasal sides in healthy adult volunteers (N=10), and sampling air at both nostrils, a small diameter gas sampling tube was passed along the floor of the nose into the volunteer's patent nostril, until it was stationed in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal NO concentrations were then assessed during normal nasal at-rest tidal breathing during three different nasal breathing states: first both nostrils, then allocated in randomised order, patent side only, and congested side only.Results: Nasopharyngeal NO concentrations were consistently higher on both exhalation and inhalation during unilateral congested side nostril breathing, when compared with unilateral patent side nostril breathing, and breathing through both nostrils.Conclusions: During unilateral nostril breathing, inhaled nasopharyngeal NO concentrations are consistently higher on the congested side of the nose.

scholarly journals The change of Astigmatism before and after phacoemulsification cataract surgery with temporal incision in senile cataract patients at RSUP Fatmawati year 2015 – 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Azhardin Maralaut ◽  
Nida Farida ◽  
Nurmila Sari
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Senile Cataract ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery ◽  
Cataract Patients

Azhardin Maralaut Siregar. Medical Studies and Medical Eduaction Program. The change of Astigmatism Before and After Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery with Temporal Incision in Senile Cataract Patients at RSUP Fatmawati year 2015-2016.Background: Cataract is a common disease in the elderly. Treatment of cataracts to date is by surgery, one of them with phacoemulsification technique, which is considered to have the best results because it gives the very small effect of change in astigmatism. Some of the factors that cause astigmatism change are the surgical techniques as well as the large and the location of the incision.Objective: To know the change of astigmatism in senile cataract patient before and after surgery with phacoemulsification technique at RSUP Fatmawati.Method: This research uses cross sectional design conducted in February 2017 until August 2017 at RSUP Fatmawati. The study used secondary data taken from a medical record of senile cataract patients who had undergone phacoemulsification technique surgery performed by one ophthalmologist in January 2015 to December 2016.Results: Respondents numbered 52 eyes from 52 patients aged ≥50 years. Analyzed using kolmogorov-smirnov test, it was found that the astigmatism change was not significant in the first week after surgery with p value 0.319, the insignificant astigmatism change in the third week after surgery with p value 0,505, the insignificant astigmatism change in the sixth week after surgery of astigmatism before operation with p value 0.311. But there was an increasing number of astigmatism patients from 32 (65%) to 39 patients (75%). Conclusions: There was an insignificant astigmatism change in the first, third and sixth weeks after phacoemulsification surgery of senile cataracts.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 55-61

Acoustic Rhinometry and Rhinomanometry in the Evaluation of Nasal Patency of Patients with Nasal Septal Deviation

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Szücs ◽  
Peter A. R. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Septal Deviation ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Septal Deviation ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical utility of acoustic rhinometry (AR) compared with active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) in the evaluation of nasal patency in subjects with nasal septal deviation. Fifty patients were divided into three groups based upon the part of the nasal cavity where the septal deviation was situated (anterior: up to 2.5 cm; middle: between 2.5 and 4.5 cm; posterior: between 4.5 and 8 cm measured from the columella). The control group consisted of 15 subjects with no nasal complaints and no history of nasal disease. Inspiratory and expiratory nasal airway resistance (NAR) at 75 Pa and at 150 Pa before and after decongestion were measured by AAR. Minimal Cross-sectional Area (MCA), distance of MCA, and nasal volume (Vol) were measured before and after decongestion by AR (Rhino 2000). Subjective nasal patency was assessed by Visual Analogue Score (VAS). In the statistical analysis the deviated unilateral nasal cavities were compared with the randomly chosen unilateral nasal cavities of normal subjects. Both techniques AR and AAR were sufficiently sensitive to reveal severe deviations in the anterior nasal cavity (MCA, Volant, NAR75, NAR150, p < 0.05). The techniques were less sensitive in cases of middle and posterior deviations (MCA, Volmid, Volpost, MCAmid, MCApost, NAR75, p > 0.05). The nondecongested inspiratory and expiratory NAR at 150 Pa were the only parameter that differed from normal in cases of posterior deviations. The VAS correlated better with NAR than with MCA. MCA correlated more frequently with expiratory than with inspiratory NAR.

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