Upper Airway Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-997
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Product ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Postnasal Drip ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Pathophysiology RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILK INTAKE AND MUCUS PRODUCTION IN ADULT VOLUNTEERS CHALLENGED WITH RHINOVIRUS-2 Pinnock CB, Graham NM, Mylvaganam A, Douglas RM. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141:352-356. Purpose of the Study This study was performed to investigate the widely held belief that "milk produces mucus." Study Population Included in the study were 60 adult volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years, who were nonsmokers, free of respiratory disease, and not taking regular medication. Methods Cross-sectional Study Design. After completing a personal history and dietary questionnaire, subjects were inoculated with Rhinovirus-2 and then lived communally for 10 days with food supplied by a caterer. At the onset of symptoms subjects were randomized to take either aspirin (4 g), paracetanol (4 g), ibuprofen (1.2 g), or placebo. Subjects recorded on a 4-point scale the severity of the following symptoms: runny nose, blocked nose, postnasal drip, loose cough, dry cough, and congestion. In addition, nasal secretion weights were measured by weighing tissues before and after use. Findings Fifty-six volunteers were infected successfully and shed virus on at least 4 days. Data were analyzed on 51 patients for whom satisfactory diaries were kept. There was no significant difference in overall symptoms or mucus production in the 4 treatment groups. However, patients taking aspirin, paracetamol, and ibuprofen reported higher nasal obstruction scores (P = .022) and experienced more nasal tubinate swelling (P = .026) than did those taking placebo. When present, a nonsignificant trend was observed for the patients' cough to be loose with increasing dairy product intake.

scholarly journals Malondialdehyde Levels in Preeclampsia before and after Delivery

1970 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Harold Rumopa ◽  
Freddy W. Wagey ◽  
Eddy Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

  Objective: Determine differences plasma levels MDA in preeclampsiabefore and 2 hours after delivery.   Methods: This was an analytic cross-sectional study. Subjectconsists of 23 pregnancies with preeclampsia, where 23 bloodsamples taken before delivery and 23 were taken 2 hours afterdelivery. This study was conducted from August 2016 untilDecember 2016 at Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi / Prof. Dr. R. D.Kandou Hospital Manado and satellite hospital. Samples weretaken from plasma and analysed using HPLC method at Prodiaclinical laboratory.   Results: In patients with severe preeclampsia before deliverywe found average value (1.4796  0.40819 nmol/ml), minimumvalue (1.03 nmol/ml) and maximal value (2.77 nmol/ml)and 2 hours after delivery with average value (1.2470 0.34324 nmol/ml), minimum value (0.91 nmol/ml), and maximumvalue (2.47 nmol/ml). by using Wilcoxon test, we foundthere were significant differences in plasma levels of MDA (p =0.000).   Conclusion: This significant difference suggests that decreasedplasma levels of MDA 2 hours after delivery and gives the sense thatthere is a relationship between oxidative stress of cells with severepreeclampsia before and shortly after delivery, that MDA is an indicatorof oxidative stress.   Keywords: malondialdehyde, oxidative stress, peroxidation lipid,preeclampsia

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Results of Arthroscopic Release in Limits of Movement in Knees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Sobhan ◽  
Seyed Hossein Saeed Banadaky ◽  
Mohammad Shafiee ◽  
Mohammad Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Knee Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Arthroscopic Release ◽  
Lysholm Knee Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Limits of movement in knees is one of the most common complications following trauma and surgery. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment choices, knee replacement and performance improvement are expected in many patients. However, limits of movement in knees is unpleasant and should be corrected as soon as possible. In this study, we decided to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in motion limits of knees. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.14 patients who referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from 2014 to 2016 and diagnosed with knee limitation (flexion or extension restriction of more than 10 degrees) were selected. Patients were undergone arthroscopic release and followed-up for 6 months. Lysholm knee score, degrees of flexion and extension, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 and statistical tests Paired T-test as well as Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.92±10.99 years. The most common type of trauma in the patients was femoral distal fracture (46.7%). The frequency of the patients' satisfaction with arthroscopy was as followed: 50% (7 patients), had moderate satisfaction, 28.6% (4 ones), high satisfaction, and 21.4% (3 ones) had low satisfaction.The mean difference in Lysholm Knee Score, improvement in degree of extension, improvement in degree of flexion and pain score before and after arthroscopy were 26.21±14.11,64.78±26.13,3.57±2.92 and 4.13±1.65,respectively.There was a significant difference between the mean values of these factors before and after arthroscopy. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, we can conclude that arthroscopic release is an effective and low-complication method in motion limits of knees.

scholarly journals The difference uses of panoramic photo and cbct evaluation of the gnathoplasty surgery outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Ayu Wahyuni ◽  
Muliaty Yunus ◽  
Muhammad Ruslin
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgery Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Gnathoschisis is the most common congenital craniofacial abnormality in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL and/or P). The panoramic radiograph is one means to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan with two-dimension photograph. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one means of supporting the maxillofacial to get a three-dimension photograph. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the results of the use of panoramic photos and CBCT in evaluation before and after gnathoplasty surgery.Material and Methods: This is an observational descriptive research with cross-sectional study method. All samples that meet the suitable criteria are put in this research. The data gained by collecting status card at medical record installation about photo panoramic application in gnathoschisis patients was then compare to the examination with CBCT.Results: The result performed shows that there is a significant difference between panoramic and CBCT picture. The CBCT provide better evaluation about teeth age and segment position of jaw curve from the cleft size. While the panoramic photo provides a widely covered area to observe facial and teeth bone.Conclusion: The CBCT results are more accurate in evaluating gnathoplasty surgery than panoramic photo; however, exposure to the radiation should be considered.

scholarly journals Protein:Creatinine Ratio in Random Urine Samples Is a Reliable Marker of Increased 24-Hour Protein Excretion in Hospitalized Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1623-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Leaños-Miranda ◽  
Janeth Márquez-Acosta ◽  
Fernando Romero-Arauz ◽  
Guadalupe M Cárdenas-Mondragón ◽  
Roxana Rivera-Leaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
H Protein

Abstract Background: The protein:creatinine ratio in random, untimed urine samples correlates with 24-h protein excretion in pregnant women with and without hypertension. Nevertheless, whether this ratio is appropriate as a screening test for proteinuria is still unclear, in part because of the paucity of large studies. Methods: We measured protein:creatinine ratios in random urine samples and protein contents of 24-h urine samples in a cross-sectional study of 927 hospitalized pregnant women at ≥20-weeks of gestational age and in a 2nd cohort of 161 pregnant women. In the 2nd group, urine specimens were obtained before and after completion of the 24-h collections, avoiding 1st-morning void specimens. Results: Protein excretion was ≥300 mg/24 h in 282 patients (30.4%). The urine protein:creatinine ratio and the 24-h protein excretion were significantly correlated (r = 0.98, P <0.001). The protein:creatinine ratio as an indicator of protein excretion ≥300 mg/24 h was ≥0.3. The sensitivity and specificity were 98.2% and 98.8%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 97.2% and 99.2%, respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 79.2 and 0.02, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the urinary protein:creatinine ratio was corroborated in the 2nd cohort of patients, which also showed no statistically significant difference in protein:creatinine ratio between samples obtained >24 h apart. Conclusions: Random urinary protein:creatinine ratio is a reliable indicator of significant proteinuria (>300 mg/day) in nonambulatory pregnant women, irrespective of sampling time during the daytime. The protein:creatinine ratio may be reasonably used as an alternative to the 24-h urine collection method.

scholarly journals Mandibular morphology and pharyngeal airway space: A cephalometric study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Mehta ◽  
Surendra Lodha ◽  
Ashima Valiathan ◽  
Arun Urala
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Prognathism ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism

Introduction Mandibular retrognathism is considered to be the most important risk factor for upper airway obstruction. Aim This cross-sectional study intended to examine the relationship between craniofacial morphology and the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients with mandibular retrognathism and mandibular prognathism, when compared to normal subjects. The study also analyzed the influence of mandibular morphology on pharyngeal length (PL). Materials and Methods The PAS was assessed in 92 females (age 15-30 years) further divided into three groups - Group 1- normal mandible (76°≤ SNB ≤82°; n = 31); Group 2-mandibular retrognathism (SNB <76°; n = 31); Group 3-Mandibular prognathism (SNB >82°; n = 30). All subjects were examined by lateral cephalometry with head position standardized using an inclinometer. Craniocervical angulation, uvula length, thickness and angulation were compared among different groups. Results The results showed no statistically significant difference in the pharyngeal airway between the three groups. Measurements of PL showed statistically significant higher values for retrognathic mandible group than normal and prognathic mandible group. Conclusion There is no significant difference between PAS between patients with mandibular retrognathism, normal mandible and mandibular prognathism. Mandibular retrognathism patients show a significantly higher uvula angulation than patients with mandibular prognathism. Craniocervical angulation showed maximum value in retrognathic mandible group followed by normal and prognathic mandible group respectively. Mean PL for retrognathic mandible patients was significantly higher than prognathic mandible patients.

scholarly journals Women and Household Waste Management: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Economical Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Management Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Household Waste Management

Housewives had the potential to reduce the household waste in their home. The objective of this research was analysis knowledge, attitude, practice and economical perception before and after the household management training. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Balung District, Jember, Indonesia. The sample size was 60 housewives. The data was collected by interviewed base on the questionnaires. The variable ware characteristic respondents, knowledge, attitude and economical perception The result showed that the mean of the respondent`s age was 35 years old, 66,7% Javanese, 53,3% had two children, the level education was an elementary school. The data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test then Piret t-test.  There were significant difference between knowledge (p< 0,005), attitude (p< 0,005), practice ( p< 0,005) and economical perception household waste (p<0,005) before and after the training household management. The housewives of household management training should be done regularly to minimize the household waste in the environment.

Vascular Endothelial growth factor A in HCV infected patients before and after treatment with DAAS and its possible relation to HCC development

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam M Helal ◽  
Wesam A Ibraheem ◽  
Moataz M Sayed ◽  
Mohamed M Salama ◽  
Ahmed M EL Ghandour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inpatient Ward ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract Background HCC comprises 5.6% of all cancersworldwide representing the fifth most common cancer.It is also the second most common cause of cancer death. Objective To study the impact of DAAs on appearance of H.C.C in HCV infected patients. Patients and Methods After obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University and written informed consent obtained from all patients, this cross-sectional study was performed in Suez canal authority hospitals (Outpatient Clinic and the Inpatient Ward), at Ismailia Egypt.Sample size on 50 patients divided into 25 cases and 25 controls. Results Our results w obtained and show that there was no statistically significant difference could be detected between HCV subdivided groups.There was statistically significant difference could be detected between HCC subdivided groups. Conclusion Angiogenesis plays an important role in the progression of HCC. VEGF is aprimary driving force for both phisological and pathological angiogenesis and overexpression of VEGF is observed in HCC. Circulating levels of VEGF increase significantly remain high until end of treatment and decline to pretreatment level within 12 week of end of therapy.It has angiogenic properties. Elevated Circulating levels of VEGF after RF (radiofrequency) or TACE correlate with poor prognosis for patient with HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma).

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Ravishekar N Hiremath1 ◽  
Shailaja S Patil ◽  
Arun K Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of people living with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLHAs) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and their knowledge with respect to role of nutrition in maintaining their health and to know the association of various factors with nutritional status and knowledge among PLHAs attending ART centers.Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out at ART center of a tertiary care institution in Maharashtra. A total of 104 PLHAs who were started on ART for the 1st time and completed minimum 6 months of treatment and who gave consent were included in the study. Data were collected by personal interview technique after taking informed consent with the help of pre-tested, prevalidated questionnaire with predetermined scoring system along with anthropometric measurements and relevant investigations maintaining strict confidentiality. Those with <50% scores were marked as unsatisfactory and more than 50% as satisfactory. Data were entered into Excel Sheet and were analyzed with SPSS 17.1 software.Results: In our study, 51.92% of the study participants were female, mean age was 38.5±9.6, 14.42% were illiterate, 32% had undergone primary education, and equally had secondary education. 16.35% were drivers and almost all were married (96.15%). Mean hemoglobin (Hb%) before and after ART was 10.45±2.13 and 10.64±2.16, while mean CD4 count before and after ART was 177.26±146.52 and 413.69±266.25, respectively, while post-ART mean body mass index (BMI) was 20.55±3.07. Majority (75%) were on ART for more than 12 months. Majority (65.38%) had unsatisfactory score with respect to overall knowledge regarding nutrition. 28.85% were underweight and 2.88% obese; while 17.31% were overweight and rest were normal. 46.15% were anemic. Statistical significant difference was noted among age, educational status, marital status, knowledge score, and anemia status with respect to BMI. Logistic regression with BMI as an outcome showed that age binary had some association. It means that there are 2.7 times odds of normal BMI in higher age group. Statistically significant difference was also noted in mean CD4 count before and after ART therapy. Regression analysis showed that CD4 count post-ART depends on pre-ART CD4 count, ART duration, and gender of the individual. With each unit increases in pre-ART CD4 and ART duration, there is increase of 0.44 and 4.5 units in after ART CD4. Post-ART CD4 count increased more among females compared to males in our study.Conclusion: There exists a wide gap in PLHAs knowledge regarding nutritional aspects. The study also shows that good nutrition has good influence on CD4 count. PLHAs belonging to higher age 40 years, married, and educated, those who had better knowledge score and good Hb% had better nutrition. Therefore, there is an urgent need for nutritional interventions like frequent health educational sessions on nutrition to increase the knowledge of PLHAs can be emphasized during each follow-up visit at ART centers. There is a need to identify PLHAs with no or minimum nutritional support and provides nutritional supplementation, for which planning and policy section needs adequate research evidences from India.

scholarly journals Assessment of Awareness and Behavioural Patterns among Children Regarding COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kalaskar ◽  
Shruti Balasubramanian ◽  
Ashita Kalaskar
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread like wildfire across the globe affecting all the age-groups. Children usually present with mild symptoms or may even remain asymptomatic. Due to the asymptomatic presentation, they may act as silent carriers and aid in the spread of infection, hence prompting greater vigilance. Therefore, it becomes imperative to increase awareness among children and alter their habits in order to curb the pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness among children regarding coronavirus infection and the behavioural changes they wish to make post-COVID-19. Additionally, it also recorded the recommendations of children for their schools to curb the COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 private school going children across India in 9-15 years age group. Questionnaire was circulated via online platform which assessed the level of awareness regarding COVID-19, its influence on their behavioural patterns and recommendations of children for their schools. The mean knowledge scores were recorded for first part and chi-square test was employed to evaluate the changes in behaviour before and after COVID-19 for second part. For the third part, percentage for each response was determined. Data was compiled in MS Office Excel sheet (version 2019, Microsoft Redmond Campus, Redmond, Washington, United States). Statistical analysis was performed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0( SPSS) software. Results: The average knowledge score was 85.50%. This increased awareness among children was reflected in the statistically significant difference in their behavioural patterns before and after COVID-19 (p-value <0.05) and also in the recommendations given by children to their schools. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study assessing the awareness of COVID-19 in children and its impact on their behaviour pattern. Children showed good knowledge about COVID-19 with the average knowledge score of the entire sample being 85.50% and also wished to make changes in their behaviour post-COVID-19. Additionally, schools are also required to make numerous amendments in their functioning in order to provide a safe environment. This study will serve as a basis for future awareness programmes which could be directed towards children belonging to various socioeconomic status and educational backgrounds highlighting the aspects in which they lack knowledge.

scholarly journals Students’ perceptions regarding problem-based learning in community medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4086
Author(s):  
Liaquat R. Johnson ◽  
Narayanan S. Nair ◽  
Catherine Simon ◽  
Jeffy Binu
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Student Involvement ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Medicine ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Although a problem based learning (PBL) program in community medicine was introduced over a year ago, student perceptions about the same had not been elicited. This study was conducted to ascertain the perceptions regarding the PBL program from a representative sample of students completing the same.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 semester 7 medical students in a private medical college in south India. Data were collected anonymously after obtaining written informed consent. Students rated their own involvement in the PBL program; confidence across broad PBL areas before and after the program; usefulness of the broad PBL areas; and how likely they were to use the broad PBL areas, using a 10-point rating scale. Statistical analyses were performed using EZR (version 1.36). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Cronbach’s alpha were employed.Results: Of the participants, 20(62.5%) were female. There was a statistically significant difference in perceived confidence across all broad PBL areas following the program, compared to ratings before the program. The median overall rating for the program was 8/10. Greater student involvement was significantly associated with higher ratings for confidence following the program; usefulness in most broad PBL areas. Male gender was significantly associated with high ratings in some broad PBL areas.Conclusions: A PBL approach can improve student perceptions of confidence in generic skills. High student involvement is key to good student perceptions regarding a PBL program.

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