Comparison of bacterial growth and activity of glucanase and chitinase in pepper leaf and flower tissue infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.W. O'Garro ◽  
E. Charlemange
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Flower Tissue

Effect of C6-Volatiles on Bioluminescent Plant Pathogens

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557d-557
Author(s):  
Jennifer Warr ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Bob Ebel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Low Concentrations

C6 volatile compounds are known to be produced by the plant upon pathogen attack or other stress-related events. The biological activity of many of these substances is poorly understood, but some might produce signal molecules important in host–pathogen interactions. In this research we explored the possibility that lipid-derived C6 volatiles have a direct effect on bacterial plant pathogens. To this purpose we used a unique tool, a bacterium genetically engineered to bioluminesce. Light-producing genes from a fish-associated bacterium were introduced into Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, enabling nondestructive detection of bacteria in vitro and in the plant with special computer-assisted camera equipment. The effects of different C6 volatiles (trans-2 hexanal, trans-2 hexen-1-ol and cis-3 hexenol) on growth of bioluminescent Xanthomonas campestris were investigated. Different volatile concentrations were used. Treatment with trans-2 hexanal appeared bactericidal at low concentrations (1% and 10%), while treatments with the other volatiles were not inhibitive to bacterial growth. The implications of these results with respect to practical use of trans-2 hexanal in pathogen susceptible and resistant plants will be discussed.

scholarly journals Anti-bacterial Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Onion, Garlic and Cinnamon on Xanthomonas Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Amir Hussain ◽  
Tahir Naqqash ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Shahid Masood Shah ◽  
Ghulam Shabir
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) are edible herbs but they contain many chemicals which can be used as medicine. These herbs also contain many antibiotic molecules that are capable to inhibit or reduce growth of many types of microbes including bacteria. Due to the development of resistance of bacteria against synthetic antibiotic now there is a need to have natural antibiotic which must be harmless, cheap and easily available. To know the effectiveness of garlic, onion, and cinnamon on disease causing bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, extracts of each sample was made in water and ethanol. Antibacterial potential of plant extracts was observed at two different stages: at the time of inoculation and after growth of pathogen on media. Results showed extracts applied on all the bacteria before growth inhibited maximum bacterial growth as compared to applied after growth. Moreover, cinnamon extract in ethanol effectively control bacterial growth than onion and garlic extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was shown by ethanolic extract of cinnamon before growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (7.333 mm), Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (7.83 mm) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (5.1 mm). After 24 hours, maximum growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis was inhibited by ethanolic extracts of cinnamon (2.82 and 3.35 mm, respectively) while Xanthomonas campestris was inhibited by ethanolic extract of onion (6.55 mm). Extract diluted from 66mg/ml to 0.01mg/ml showed different minimum inhibitory concentration against pathogens. As concentration decreases inhibition of bacteria also decreases. Ethanolic extracts of cinnamon showed maximum MIC against Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (3.5 mm to 1.5 mm) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (5 mm to 2 mm) while for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ethanolic extract of garlic (3 mm to 1 mm) was effective ranging between 66mg/ml to 33 mg/ml. This study highlighted that natural products possess ability to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth and would also be helpful in medicinal field for further study.

scholarly journals An Adenosine Kinase Exists in Xanthomonas campestris Pathovar campestris and Is Involved in Extracellular Polysaccharide Production, Cell Motility, and Virulence

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (11) ◽  
pp. 3639-3648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Tao Lu ◽  
Yong-Qin Tang ◽  
Cai-Yue Li ◽  
Rui-Fang Li ◽  
Shi-Qi An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Adenosine Kinase ◽  
Purine Salvage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Production Cell

ABSTRACT Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a purine salvage enzyme and a typical housekeeping enzyme in eukaryotes which catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to form AMP. Since prokaryotes synthesize purines de novo and no endogenous ADK activity is detectable in Escherichia coli, ADK has long been considered to be rare in bacteria. To date, only two prokaryotes, both of which are gram-positive bacteria, have been reported to contain ADK. Here we report that the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris, the causal agent of black rot of crucifers, possesses a gene (designated adk Xcc) encoding an ADK (named ADKXcc), and we demonstrate genetically that the ADKXcc is involved in extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, cell motility, and pathogenicity of X. campestris pv. campestris. adk Xcc was overexpressed as a His6-tagged protein in E. coli, and the purified His6-tagged protein exhibited ADK activity. Mutation of adk Xcc did not affect bacterial growth in rich and minimal media but led to an accumulation of intracellular adenosine and diminutions of intracellular ADK activity and ATP level, as well as EPS. The adk Xcc mutant displayed significant reductions in bacterial growth and virulence in the host plant.

Cytochemistry of defense responses in cassava infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kpémoua ◽  
B. Boher ◽  
M. Nicole ◽  
P. Calatayud ◽  
J. P. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Stems of susceptible and resistant cassava plants have been cytologically investigated for their defense reactions to an aggressive strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis. Histochemistry, in conjunction with gold cytochemistry, revealed that in susceptible and resistant plants, phloem and xylem parenchyma cells displayed a wide range of responses that limited the bacterial growth within the infected plants. Lignification and suberization associated with callose deposition were effective mechanisms that reinforced host barriers in the phloem. In the infected xylem, vessels were plugged by a material of pectic and (or) lignin-like origin. Flavonoids have been seen to be incorporated in secondary cell wall coatings. These reactions occurred at a higher intensity in the resistant plants. The number of phoem and xylem cells producing autofluorescent compounds was higher in infected resistant plants than in susceptible plants. Reactions have been observed in the resistant variety only, such as secretion of phenol-like molecules by tyloses and hyperplasic activity of phloem cells that compartmentalized bacterial lysis pockets, which are potent secondary inoculum sources.Key words: lignin, suberin, callose, phenol, tylose, flavonoid, pectin.

scholarly journals Onion Leaf Blight Caused by Xanthomonas campestris: Alternative Hosts and Resistant Onion Genotypes

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard W. O'Garro ◽  
Litta P. Paulraj
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Alternative Hosts

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), corn (Zea mays), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), soybean (Glycine max), winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), field pea (Pisum sativum), moth bean (Phaseolus aconitifolins), and heliconia (Heliconia bihai) were evaluated as alternative hosts of Xanthomonas campestris, the causal agent of a leaf blight of onion (Allium cepa). On legumes, bacterial growth occurred in planta, and visible disease symptoms developed. From 19 commercial onion genotypes screened for leaf blight resistance, two cultivars, H-942 and H-508, were generally free of symptoms and had restricted bacterial growth in planta. These are the first known reports on alternative hosts of the bacterium and on resistance in onion to leaf blight.

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