Social Cognition in Bipolar Illness

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
G. Lahera
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Multiple Factors

Theory of Mind (ToM) is defined as the cognitive ability to infer mental states to oneself and to others, in terms of thought, emotion and intention. There are many studies about ToM in schizophrenia, but a paucity of them about ToM in bipolar disorder, despite the suggesting relationship between ToM and emotions. Some affective patients were included as control group in schizophrenia studies, but these samples were small and heterogeneous. Some authors have found ToM deficit in manic and depressed patients, but there is also some evidence of a ToM deficit even in a state of euthymia, associated to other cognitive deficits, mainly in executive function. Multiple factors could be involved in this ToM deficit, but these studies open the way for a line of research about the cognitive mechanisms underlying the psychosocial disadjustment that these patients present. Mentalization skills could be more decisive for keeping a job or a social network than other neurocognitive variables, and BD remains a very important cause of psychosocial disadvantage. In this workshop we will debate the relevance of these findings in BD and the potential therapeutic consecuences.

033 The effect of sleep disturbance on cognition in late-life depression

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A15-A15
Author(s):  
Andrea Ricciardiello ◽  
Sharon Naismith ◽  
Angela D’Rozario ◽  
Fiona Kumfor ◽  
Rick Wassing
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Late Life Depression

Abstract Introduction Late-life depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in older adults and is associated with cognitive deficits, however, the role of sleep disturbance in cognitive deficits is poorly defined. In the current study we aimed to examine sleep macro and micro-architecture differences between those with late-life depression and controls. Secondly, we sought to determine how sleep changes relate to clinical memory and executive function measures in those with late-life depression and controls. Methods Using prior clinical data, this retrospective study assessed adults >50 years who had completed an overnight PSG study and comprehensive psychiatric, neuropsychological, and medical assessment. Memory performance was measured using the Weschler Memory Scale logical Memory 1 and 2 components, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Senior) 30-minute recall and Rey Complex Figure 3-minute recall. Executive function was defined by z scores from Trail Making Test, D-KEFS Stroop Test and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The sample comprised of 71 depressed participants, defined by a Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥6, and 101 non-depressed participants (GDS <6 and no lifetime history of depression using DSM-IV criteria). Results Contrary to our hypothesis no significant macroarchitectural differences were observed between the groups. Less time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) was associated with worse delayed memory recall scores in the depression group (z=.342, p=0.008) although this was not seen in the control group. SWS and slow wave activity (SWA) were not related to measures of executive function performance. Depressed participants demonstrated a reduced level of sleep spindles (Dep= 159 ±142.8, con= 213±163, p=.03) although there were no associations with memory outcomes. Conclusion Compared to younger adults with depression, macroarchitectural differences in those with late-life depression are not as pronounced, due to a reduction of SWS and SWA power as a function of ageing. The efficiency of SWS hippocampal dependent memory processes in depression may be reduced, therefore, more time spent in SWS is related to better memory performance. This study assessed the density of sleep spindles but not spindle and slow wave oscillation coupling which may be more important for hippocampal dependent memory. Support (if any):

Neuropsychological Alterations in Narcolepsy with Cataplexy and the Expression of Cognitive Deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-595
Author(s):  
Pablo Medrano-Martinez ◽  
Rosa Peraita-Adrados
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectives:The objective of our study was to assess attention processes and executive function in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NT1). To do so, we compared the results with those of a control group from the general population using an extensive neuropsychological test battery.Methods:We studied 28 patients with NT1 and 28 healthy control participants matched for age, gender, and educational level. They all completed questionnaires on sleepiness, anxiety, and depression symptoms. In addition, they underwent neuropsychological tests. The ability to maintain attention was assessed using three computer tasks with different levels of complexity.Results:Patients had significantly more daytime sleepiness than controls. A significant negative correlation between depression and disease duration was found in NT1 patients. The results of the anxiety questionnaire correlated with the presence of sleep paralysis. There were significant differences in information processing speed subtasks. Patients made significantly more omissions and generally reacted slower and more variably than controls in computerized tasks. As for executive function, patients performed worse in phonologic fluency tasks than controls. However, when the influence of processing speed on fluency tasks was statistically controlled, part of this significant difference disappeared.Conclusions:Our results indicate that the negative correlation between depression and disease duration probably reflects progressive adaptation to the functional burden of the disease. Information processing speed plays a fundamental role in the expression of cognitive deficits. We emphasized the need to control the influence of processing speed and sustained attention in the neuropsychological assessment of NT1 patients.

scholarly journals Executive function, mentalizing and humor in major depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. UEKERMANN ◽  
S. CHANNON ◽  
C. LEHMKÄMPER ◽  
M. ABDEL-HAMID ◽  
W. VOLLMOELLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Executive Performance ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
And Gender

Major depression is associated with cognitive deficits including memory, executive functions, and affect perception, which have been linked to dysfunction of fronto-subcortical networks. However, little is known about social cognition on more complex socially relevant tasks, such as humor processing. In this investigation a computerized humor-processing task was administered to 27 patients with a diagnosis of major depression (Dep) and 27 healthy controls (HC). Theory of mind (mentalizing) and executive functions were also assessed. Both groups were similar in IQ, age, and gender. Depressed patients performed below the control group with respect to both affective and cognitive aspects of humor processing, and these were related to mentalizing and executive performance. Our findings suggest social cognition deficits in major depression. Ability to process humor and appreciate mentalistic perspectives may in turn influence social interactions and should be given consideration in therapeutic approaches to depression. (JINS, 2008,14, 55–62.)

scholarly journals Social cognition in first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder: Theory of Mind and nonverbal sensitivity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246908
Author(s):  
Usue Espinós ◽  
Enrique G. Fernández-Abascal ◽  
Mercedes Ovejero ◽  
Guillermo Lahera
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nonverbal Sensitivity ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Social cognition might be impaired in first degree relatives (FDR) of BD but existing research shows controversial results about social cognitive impairments in this population. The aim of this study was to assess Theory of Mind (ToM) and nonverbal sensitivity in FDR of BD and compare the results with those of two groups of persons with remitted bipolar disorder (BD), type I and II, and a control group. Social cognitive ability was examined in first degree relatives of BD, with a biological parent, offspring or sibling diagnosed with the disorder. For this study, 37 FDRs of bipolar patients, 37 BD I, 40 BD II and 40 control participants were recruited. Social cognition was explored by means of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the MiniPONS. Results showed a significant impairment in FDR of BD in the ToM task, but not in nonverbal sensitivity. Performance of FDRs in social cognition is better than that of BDs (either type I or type II) but worse when compared with that of healthy individuals without a family history of psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, no differences were found between BD I and BD II groups. Males and older participants showed a worse performance in all groups. Group family therapy with FDRs of BD might include training in the recognition of nonverbal cues, which might increase the understanding of their familiars with BD, in order to modify communication abilities.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment in bipolar II disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Torrent ◽  
Anabel Martínez-Arán ◽  
Claire Daban ◽  
Jose Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
Mercè Comes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Ii

BackgroundPersistent impairments in neurocognitive function have been described in bipolar disorder.AimsTo compare the cognitive performance of patients with bipolar II disorder with that of patients with bipolar I disorder and a healthy control group.MethodThe study included 71 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (38 bipolar I, 33 bipolar II), who were compared on clinical and neuropsychological variables (e.g. executive function, attention, verbal and visual memory) and contrasted with 35 healthy controls on cognitive performance.ResultsCompared with controls, both bipolar groups showed significant deficits in most cognitive tasks including working memory (Digit Span Backwards, P=0.002) and attention (Digit Span Forwards, P=0.005; Trail Making Test, P=0.001). Those with type II disorders had an intermediate level of performance between the bipolar I group and the control group in verbal memory (P < 0.005) and executive functions (Stroop interference task, P=0.020).ConclusionsCognitive impairment exists in both subtypes of bipolar disorder, although more so in the bipolar I group. The best predictors of poor psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder were subclinical depressive symptoms, early onset of illness and poor performance on a measure related to executive function.

scholarly journals Social Cognition in Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Pediatric Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3sup1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Francesca Felicia Operto ◽  
◽  
Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino ◽  
Chiara Padovano ◽  
Chiara Scuoppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Emotions

Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess social cognition in adolescents and children with epilepsy or Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) compared to typical individuals. It was verified whether the age of onset, duration and drug therapy of epileptics can influence this ability and if there is a correlation between Social Cognition, intelligence and executive functions. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that included a total of 125 subjects between 7 and 16 years (62 with focal epilepsy and 63 with SLD). The control group included 32 healthy subjects. Study subjects were evaluated with neuropsychological tools to evaluate executive functions (EpiTrack Junior), Social Cognition (NEPSY-II), and intelligence; a nonverbal cognitive test (Raven's Matrices) was used in subjects with Epilepsy, while WISC-IV was administered to SLDs. Results: the groups of subjects scored significantly lower than the controls in Social Cognition. The results showed a positive correlation between affect recognition scores and executive function in both groups. In patients with epilepsy the deficit in Affect Recognition appeared to be linked with early age of onset of epilepsy, long term of disease and lack of non-verbal intelligence; a high frequency of seizures, on the other hand, was related to poor performance in the Theory of Mind (ToM). In the SLD group there was no correlation between social cognition and intellectual level. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that individuals with focal epilepsy or SLD have deficits in the recognition of facial emotions and ToM compared to their peers. In epilepsy group, the Social Cognition deficit seems to be linked to characteristics of epilepsy, particularly the deficits in the recognition of facial emotions seems linked to problems in nonverbal intelligence and in executive function. In the SLD group, however, the ability to recognize emotions was correlated only with executive functions.

Exploring spontaneous mentalization in schizophrenia: An eyetracking study

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (S3) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
P. Roux ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
C. Passerieux ◽  
F. Ramus
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Contextual Control ◽  
Large Domain ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits

Individuals with schizophrenia have been shown to be impaired in their ability to attribute intentions to others. However, the mentalizing tasks usually used impose large demands on explicit reasoning, thus leaving the large domain of implicit social cognition largely unexplored in schizophrenia. Yet, Frith has suggested that social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia were characterized by dissociation between an impaired explicit mentalization and a spared implicit mentalization [1]. Another question that remains open is whether schizophrenic patients’ difficulties in those tasks can be characterized as hypo- [2] or as hyper mentalization deficits [3]. In order to test these two questions, mentalization was tested in individuals with schizophrenia (n = 29) and in control subjects (n = 29) with the Frith-Happé paradigm [4], while eye movements were recorded. Explicit mentalizing was measured from participants’ verbal descriptions and was contrasted with implicit mentalization measured through eyetracking. As a group, schizophrenia cases made less accurate and intentional descriptions of the intentional animations whereas no differences where found for the random animations. These differences were not explained by lower verbal or performance IQ or impaired executive function measured by cognitive contextual control. However, eyetracking results revealed that individuals with and without schizophrenia showed a similar modulation of eye movements in response to the different condition of Frith-Happé animations. To conclude, participants with schizophrenia showed an explicit deficit in mentalization in the direction of a hypomentalization, whereas their implicit mentalization was preserved, thus suggesting dissociation between explicit and implicit attribution of intentions in schizophrenia.

Social and nonsocial cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: A comparative neuropsychological and neurophysiological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s817-s817
Author(s):  
M.A. Khalil ◽  
A.A. Saleh ◽  
N.M. El-Fayoumy ◽  
S.M. Gohar
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
The Mind

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia suffer from cognitive deficits in seven domains in addition to social cognition. P300 latency and amplitude have been linked in these patients to the basic cognitive deficits.ObjectivesComparing patients suffering from schizophrenia with matched healthy subjects as regards auditory event related potential tests as measured by P300.Subjects and methodsFifty-two subjects were divided into 2 groups: group (A): 27 patients with schizophrenia according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-text revised (DSM-IV TR). Those with current substance use, psychiatric disorders or organic disorders were excluded. Group (B): 25 healthy control subjects with negative history of substance and psychiatric disorders. Patients were assessed using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for severity of psychotic symptoms, Addenbrook's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) for basic cognitive, reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition, P300 and electro-encephalography (EEG)ResultsThe two groups were different significantly in ACE total and its subtests measuring attention-orientation, memory, language, visuospatial and reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition scores with patients showing lower scores (P = 0.000, 0.012, 0.000, 0.038, 0.041 and 0.001 respectively). Control group had higher amplitude of P300 and shorter latency than patients (P = 0.003 and 0.005 respectively). P300 amplitude correlated positively with visuospatial memory (P = 0.015). PANSS general pathology scale correlated positively with duration of untreated psychosis (P = 0.029) and with fluency (P = 0.047).ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia differ from controls in P300.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A meta-analysis of neurocognition in youth with familial high risk for bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bora ◽  
A. Özerdem
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities

AbstractObjective:Neuropsychological impairment, including deficits in social cognition is evident in subjects at genetic high-risk for psychosis. However, findings in youth at genetic risk to bipolar disorder (BP) have been suggested to be less supportive of premorbid deficits. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in youth with familiar risk for bipolar disorder (FHR-BD).Methods:A novel meta-analysis of FHR-BD (mean age 10–25), including 18 studies (786 offsprings/siblings of patients with BD and 794 healthy controls), was conducted.Results:Both general cognition (d = 0.29, CI = 0.15–0.44) and social cognition (d = 0.23, CI = 0–0.45) were impaired in FHR-BD. In comparison to controls, FHR-BD had significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including visual memory (d = 0.35), verbal memory (d = 0.21), processing speed (d = 0.26) and sustained attention (d = 0.36). There was no significant difference between FHR-BD and controls in planning and working memory.Conclusions:Cognitive deficits are evident in individuals who are at genetic high-risk for developing BD. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are likely playing a role not only in schizophrenia but also in BD.

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