Personality and Addiction: Psychological Assessment of Personality Traits in Addicted and Nonaddicted People

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Homayouni ◽  
G.A. Nikpour ◽  
A. Khanmohammadi ◽  
S.J. Mosavi Amiri ◽  
H. Aghajanipour
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Introduction & aim:Since the introduction of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) in 1980, there has been a growing interest in the study of patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The driving force behind this field has been, and still is, the high clinical pessimism about the prognosis, and the difficulties in the clinical management of the characteristics of diagnosed patients. In this way the important matter to study is the evaluation of co-occurring personality problems and substance abuse. So the study investigated the personality traits of addicted and nonadicted people.Method:101 addicted people and 101 nonaddicted people were randomly selected and Mc Care & Costa's NEO PI-R inventory was administered on them. Mean scores were compared with T independent tests.Results:Findings indicated that there are differences among means of personality traits in two groups. Addicted people are more neurotic and open to experience than nonaddicted people and nonaddicted people are more extroverted, agreeable and conscientiousness than addicted people.Conclusion:Findings showed addicted people are more neurotic and open to experience than nonaddicted people and nonaddicted people are more extroverted, agreeable and conscientiousness than addicted people.It indicates that evaluating with reliable measures and with more attentions to personality traits can help the psychiatrists and psychologists to diagnose the cause of tendency to addiction and also reduce the psychological problems that is related with addiction before and in during drug treatment and can reduce duration of treatment and enhance efficacy of treatment methods.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2010 ◽  
pp. 254-279
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2014 ◽  
pp. 255-280
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

Chronic pain and the psychiatrist

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
B. Van Houdenhove
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

SUMMARYChronic pain is a phenomenon with important psychiatric aspects from a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic point of view. The place of chronic pain in the different versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the differential-diagnosis are critically discussed. The comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders is extensively treated. Finally, the essential role of the psychiatrist in the multidisciplinary therapeutic approach of these patients is emphasised.

What is Comorbidity – Fact or Artefact?

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Icd 10

Comorbidity can be described broadly as the presence of more than one disorder in a person in a defined period of time (Wittchen & Essau, 1993). Stimulated by the introduction of explicit diagnostic criteria and operationalised diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–III; APA, 1980) and the Diagnostic Criteria for Research in ICD–10 (WHO, 1991), numerous studies in the 1980s and early 1990s, have assessed the extent, the nature, and more recently, the implications of comorbidity for a better understanding of mental disorders. Most studies investigated the association of anxiety and mood disorders, but increasingly there are also studies looking into the association of mood disorders with other disorders (such as somatoform and substance use disorders (Wittchen et al, 1993, 1996)) as well as with somatic conditions (axis II) and personality disorders (axis III).

The role of personality traits and religious orientation and tendency to addiction: Comparison between addicted and nonaddicted people

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
A. Homayouni
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Analysis Of Means ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Introduction & objectivesSince the introduction of DSM-III Third Edition in 1980,there has been a growing interest in the study of patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The driving force behind this field has been, and still is, the high clinical pessimism about the prognosis, and the difficulties in the clinical management of the characteristics of diagnosed patients. Also religion and to be religious can play an important role in human’s individual and social life. The religion can be entered in many aspects of human behavior and can affect on their behavior and reduce probably of abnormal functions. So the study was aimed to investigate personality traits and religious orientation in two groups of addicted and nonaddicted people.Methods109 addicted people were randomly selected and compared with 109 nonaddicted people. Participants were asked to fill out Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFM PI-R) and self-report questionnaire of Alport's E/I religious orientation. Mean scores were compared with T independent tests.ResultsAnalysis of means indicated significant differences among tow group. Compared to nonaddicted, addicted scored higher on Neuroticism, Openness to experience and External religious orientation, and lower on Extroversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.ConclusionsBased on results it is suggested that evaluating with reliable measures and with more attentions to intrinsic religious orientation related to personality traits can help the psychiatrists and psychologists to diagnose the cause of tendency to addiction and also reduce the psychological problems that is related with addiction before and in during drug treatment and can reduce duration of treatment and enhance efficacy of treatment methods.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Conditions Among County Jail Inmates: Changes and Stability Over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Proctor ◽  
Norman G. Hoffmann ◽  
Alyssa Raggio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Comparable Sample

This study first sought to estimate the local Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) prevalence of various substance use disorders (SUDs) and psychiatric conditions among a sample of male county jail inmates ( N = 200) from 2016 data. The observed patterns in prevalence and internal consistency for the various conditions among a subgroup of inmates with a DSM-5 moderate-severe SUD diagnosis ( n = 149) were then compared to a comparable sample of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) substance-dependent inmates derived from 2008 data collected in an adjacent county jail ( N = 176) using a nearly identical structured clinical interview. Results revealed 87.0% of inmates in the total 2016 sample met criteria for any DSM-5 SUD. Despite similar methodology, comparable sample populations, and county jails in the same geographic region, there were marked differences between studies with respect to the prevalence of certain SUDs over an 8-year period. Conversely, 2016 prevalence rates for the co-occurring conditions were within 1% to 7% points of the rates evidenced in 2008.

A propósito de un caso: Sintomatología psicótica en paciente con Trastorno por uso de sustancias

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Piña Baena ◽  
◽  
Antonio Manuel Ramírez Ojeda ◽  
Celia Muñoz Cauqui ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Uso De Sustancias

Descripción del caso Varón de 46 años con orientación diagnóstica de Trastorno Depresivo Moderado y Trastorno Mixto de la personalidad, junto con consumo de diversos tóxicos. (1) De manera insidiosa, superpuesto al cuadro afectivo, comienza con sintomatología sensoperceptiva en forma de alucinaciones auditivas, con gran repercusión afectiva y conductual (2). Exploración Colaborador y orientado. Discurso coherente y fluido. Ánimo bajo y clínica ansiosa. Irritabilidad y suspicacia, marcada tendencia al aislamiento, con abandono de autocuidados. Fenómenos sensoperceptivos ‘algunas veces escucho a mi madre...falleció hace años’. Hiporexia reactiva e insomnio de conciliación. Evolución De novo, aparecen síntomas de la esfera psicótica, con gran repercusión conductual (aislamiento y abandono de autocuidados), impresionando de reactivos al consumo de tóxicos. Ante esta situación se indica tratamiento antipsicótico, añadiendo aripiprazol oral, y posteriomente de liberación prolongada mensual. Existe una mejoría clínica evidente, con una ganancia en la funcionalidad diaria objetivable. Juicio clínico Trastorno Depresivo Moderado (F32.1) y Trastorno Mixto de la personalidad (F61). Discusión Se ha evidenciado la comorbilidad entre el trastorno por uso de sustancias y situaciones tales como síntomas de corte psicótico, suponiendo, en determinadas ocasiones, situación de gran angustia y repercusión para dichos sujetos (3). En esta línea, es importante poder garantizar la abstinencia a tóxicos, además de plantear un tratamiento farmacológico y psicoterapéutico que pueda mejorar dicha sintomatología. En el caso presentado, existe una mejoría clínico y funcional del mismo evidente y llamativa. Bibliografía (1) American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4. Washington, DC: Author; 2000. text rev (2) Falkai P. Delusional disorders due to medical conditions or substance abuse. WPA Journal volume 2 supplement 1. 2003 (3) Bowden-Jones O, Iqbal MZ, Tyrer P, Seivewright N, Cooper S, Judd A, Weaver T. Prevalence of personality disorder in alcohol and drug services and associated comorbidity. Addiction 99[10], 1306-1314. 2004

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