Cognitive Functions, Impulsivity and Personality Traits in Alcohol Dependent Subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Struglia ◽  
A. Tomassini ◽  
P. Stratta ◽  
D. Spaziani ◽  
A. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Choice Pattern ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Task Strategies ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The term ‘decision making’ indicates the aspects of executive functions related to the ability to modulate the reward and punishment perception, in order to operate advantageous choices.Subjects with alcoholism exhibit poor decision making and high level of impulsivity.This study assesses the relationship between decision making ability, as measured by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and impulsivity and others temperamental and character traits in a long-term abstinent alcohol dependent sample.30 abstinent alcohol dependent subjects, referred to Drug Addiction Unit of National Health Service of L'Aquila were assessed using IGT, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11-item version (BIS-11) and the Temperament and Character Inventory - 125 items (TCI-125). The mean age was 44.53 (8.66 SD) years and educational level was 9.03 years (2.52).15 control subjects were recruited from general population and assessed with IGT only (age 41.38±11.10; educational level 12.23±3.44).The clinical and the control samples significantly differ in their performance on the IGT, the former making disadvantageous choices in the task leading to lower scores. We found only a significant correlation between IGT total score and the BIS factor Non-Planning Impulsivity.The alcoholic subjects, although in a abstinent status, show difficulties to learn the task strategies and/or earn from experience to orient toward an advantageous choice pattern, supporting the hypothesis of a decision making impairment.The lack of correlation with impulsivity factors and personality traits supports the results of other studies concluding that, at dimensional level, decision making abilities may be a distinct construct.

What does the state know (and want to know) about parental involvement in children’s school education?

2021 ◽  
Vol 604 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Joanna Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Bartłomiej Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Parental Participation ◽  
School Type ◽  
Educational Law ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
High Level

The article poses a question about the scope of information concerning parental involvement, the collection of which results from the provisions of the educational law. The characteristics of the “Parents are school’s partners” requirement have been referred to the framework proposed by Epstein (1995). The analysis of the amendments of the Regulation demonstrates some slight changes in the approach to parental participation, limited to the four types in Epstein’s model (out of the six proposed by this researcher): parenting, communication between the school and the students’ homes, parental volunteering and decision-making participation. The changes are aimed at subtly limiting the of parents' influence, there are no attempts to extend the provisions of the Regulation to include other forms of participation. Then, based on the data collected during external evaluations in 94 schools (survey study on a non-random sample of 6676 parents and 86 group interviews with parents), a descriptive and comparative analysis of individual indicators was carried out, as well as thematic coding of fragments of the transcription of group interviews. Parents declare a relatively high level of satisfaction with the received support and decision-making participation, slightly lower with communication. These results vary depending on educational level and school type, which may be explained by the connection between involvement and child’s age and the differentiation in class allocation. The qualitative analysis shows that the decision-making participation, in most cases, does not exceed the minimum required by the educational law, and the exceptions to this rule are mostly artifactic activities.

Psychiatric diagnoses and personality traits associated with disadvantageous decision-making

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jollant ◽  
S. Guillaume ◽  
I. Jaussent ◽  
F. Bellivier ◽  
M. Leboyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Past History ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Low Performance

AbstractObjectiveDecision-making impairment is an important feature of psychiatric disorders. in a large comorbid psychiatric population, we explored the link between decision-making deficit and clinical variables.MethodWe used the Iowa Gambling Task to measure decision-making in 317 patients. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to the DSM-IV criteria. Self-questionnaires were used to assess several personality traits. The last and most severe suicidal acts were characterized.Results(1) After controlling for age and medication intake, a past history of suicide attempt (OR = 2.0 [1.1–3.8]) and normothymic bipolar disorders (OR = 3.4 [1.1–10.5]) were significantly and independently associated with impaired decision-making. (2) Decision-making performance was significantly correlated with affective lability. (3) No association was found between decision-making skills and suicidal characteristics.DiscussionA lack of statistical power may have masked associations with obsessive-compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa. We did not control for other cognitive functions except attention.ConclusionThis study supports the independent association of decision-making impairment with vulnerability to suicidal behaviour but not with substance abuse. Normothymic bipolar disorders, but not unipolar disorders, were also linked to low performance. At the dimensional level, impulsivity and decision-making abilities may be distinct processes. Affective regulation skills appear to be a major influence on decision-making performance and following a relevant therapeutic target.

Jumping to Conclusions Bias

2018 ◽  
pp. 188-213
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Jumping To Conclusions ◽  
High Level

Jumping to conclusions bias is a tendency to make decisions with a high level of haste, even taking into account that there is little evidence. The jumping to conclusions bias has been widely associated with patients with schizophrenia, above all, in those patients who have positive symptomatology, that is, delusions. This cognitive bias is involved in the onset, maintenance, and relapse of these positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Also, it has been found in other psychological disorders and in healthy populations, above all in individual with schizotypy personality traits. Due to the extensive study on this cognitive bias, a detailed explanation of it will be carried out in relation to certain psychological disorders, especially schizophrenia. Moreover, the chapter describes recent studies with healthy population to see how it affects the decision-making process.

P.6.a.013 Decision making, impulsivity and personality traits in alcohol dependent subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S642-S643
Author(s):  
F. Struglia ◽  
A. Tomassini ◽  
P. Stratta ◽  
D. Spaziani ◽  
A. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Decision Making, Impulsivity, and Personality Traits in Alcohol-Dependent Subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarita Tomassini ◽  
Francesca Struglia ◽  
Daniela Spaziani ◽  
Roberta Pacifico ◽  
Paolo Stratta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

scholarly journals One week of chronic sleep debt does not affect decision-making processes in a mouse version of the Iowa Gambling Task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Pittaras ◽  
Sylvie Granon ◽  
Arnaud Rabat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chronic Sleep

SummarySocio-professional pressures push people to sleep less which leads to chronic sleep debt (CSD) for a significant percentage of the population. Although the health consequences of CSD are well known, research shows that high-level cognitive processes in humans are more affected by acute sleep debt (ASD) rather than CSD (Drake et al., 2001). We have previously shown that ASD has deleterious effects on decision-making in mice and that some mice were more sensitive to ASD than others (Pittaras et al., 2018) by using a rodent version of the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara et al., 1994). In this study, we showed that, as in humans, CSD has fewer effects on decision-making compared to ASD. We hypothesize that this observation was due to the set-up of a compensatory mechanism.

scholarly journals Personality traits and intelligence as predictors of decision making process in gambling strategies of IOWA gambling task (on the sample of military executives)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Choice Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Regulation Strategies

We present the results of empiric researches for decision making strategy of Iowa Gambling Task (Iowa Gambling Task – IGT) based on focus group of mid-level military leaders (N=120). We analyzed a correlation between such personality traits as tolerance for uncertainty, rationality, risk readiness, traits of Dark triad and Big Five, and also common level of intellectual abilities (KOT – short selective test), and pragmatic successful result of consistent process of decision making in the situation with main target as maximum possible profit. It was found that gradual choice analysis gives extra information about self-regulation strategies while decision making.

Impaired decision-making and brain shrinkage in alcoholism

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-P. Le Berre ◽  
G. Rauchs ◽  
R. La Joie ◽  
F. Mézenge ◽  
C. Boudehent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

AbstractAlcohol-dependent individuals usually favor instant gratification of alcohol use and ignore its long-term negative consequences, reflecting impaired decision-making. According to the somatic marker hypothesis, decision-making abilities are subtended by an extended brain network. As chronic alcohol consumption is known to be associated with brain shrinkage in this network, the present study investigated relationships between brain shrinkage and decision-making impairments in alcohol-dependent individuals early in abstinence using voxel-based morphometry. Thirty patients performed the Iowa Gambling Task and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging investigation (1.5T). Decision-making performances and brain data were compared with those of age-matched healthy controls. In the alcoholic group, a multiple regression analysis was conducted with two predictors (gray matter [GM] volume and decision-making measure) and two covariates (number of withdrawals and duration of alcoholism). Compared with controls, alcoholics had impaired decision-making and widespread reduced gray matter volume, especially in regions involved in decision-making. The regression analysis revealed links between high GM volume in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and right hippocampal formation, and high decision-making scores (P < 0.001, uncorrected). Decision-making deficits in alcoholism may result from impairment of both emotional and cognitive networks.

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