Host plant preference of Trioza erytreae on lemon and bitter orange plants

Trioza erytreae, the African citrus psyllid, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agent of the citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB). The spread of the vector throughout the Iberian Peninsula has been continuous since its introduction in mainland Spain in 2014. The patterns of host preference and feeding behaviour largely depend on olfactory cues. Understanding these patterns is crucial to prevent further dispersion and develop management measures against the pest. In this work, a series of settlement, olfactometric, probing, and feeding experiments were conducted to assess the host preference of T. erytreae for lemon or bitter orange plants. The settlement experiment provided evidence on the preference of both sexes of T. erytreae for lemon plants, whereas males did not show any significant choice pattern in the case of the olfactometric assays. Forty EPG variables were analysed to describe and compare the probing and feeding behaviour of T. erytreae on lemon and bitter orange plants. The EPG variables indicated that T. erytreae has some difficulties in accepting the phloem of bitter orange plants. This suggests that lemon plants would be a better source for the acquisition of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) by T. erytreae since the psyllid spends much longer periods feeding from the phloem on lemon than on bitter orange.

Caries Prevention in Adults- Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Indian Dental Professionals

Background: Dentists must have accurate knowledge and affirmative attitudes about dental care in order to prevent dental caries. Therefore, the present was conducted with aim to find out knowledge, attitude and actual practices (KAP) for caries prevention in adults on Indian dentist Material and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on private dental practitioners of Ghaziabad city. Knowledge on preventive dentistry was assessed by 16 questions with true/false or multiple choice pattern. A total of 8 questions each were utilized for attitude and practices, respectively on a 5-point likert scale. Student’s t-test and One way ANOVA followed by post hoc test was applied to determine the relationship between mean scores of KAP and demographic variables. The significance level was set at below 0.05. Results: Slightly better scores for KAP was found in participants belonging to <30 years of age. The total mean KAP scores of dentists were 8.9 ± 2.2, 26.1 ± 1.7, 21.1 ± 1.9, respectively. Approximately 37% dentist agreed or strongly agreed that fluoride application can prevent dental caries in adults. And 31.5% dentist never advised/performed fluoride application in high caries patients. Conclusion: Strategies to update dentists’ knowledge and practices of primary preventive measures for dental caries may be beneficial in promoting oral health. Findings help in emphasizing the inception and initiation of preventive oral health policies and services in the Indian scenario.

The Organic Food Choice Pattern: Are Organic Consumers Becoming More Alike?

There is no doubt that the search for organic products is already more than a trend; it is an indisputable reality. More and more people are opting for a healthier lifestyle that starts with food, which has awakened a growing interest in understanding the reasons for these purchases. The motivational attributes of consumers’ decisions regarding the consumption of organic products are the main aim of this study. The survey included 250 respondents that filled a questionnaire by email and by personal interviews. We used a non-probabilistic sampling method, namely convenience sampling and the best–worst scaling method to analyze 10 attributes of organic purchasing decisions. Then, we studied the impact of the classification variables age, gender, academic level, place of residence, children under 18 living at home, and place of purchase of organic products on the attributes. Applying a chi-square test, we only obtained statistically significant differences for children under 18 living at home and the certification warranty (p = 0.011). The results show the dominance of credence attributes and egoistic motivations on organic consumption and may indicate a path towards the standardization of the organic consumer profile. This study emphasized that we may be facing a new organic consumer, for whom health-related factors are not just significant but overwhelming as well.

Flipped Virtual Classroom Learning Model for the Course Study Discourse Analysis in Translation

<p>This study aims to explain the learning models of flipped virtual classroom that can be applied in virtual classrooms in discourse analysis in Translation courses. When teaching, the learning model is explained by using video as an appropriate and efficient choice pattern to achieve learning objectives. Flipped virtual classroom is a learning model that transfers synchronous virtual classroom models to asynchronous virtual classroom models. The research method in this discourse analysis in Translation course was through literary sources. The purpose of the research is to provide information about virtual learning methods as a means of enhancing learning and language proficiency in Bahasa Indonesia combined with translation reflection theory. The virtual learning model can be combined with variations of learning models such as: Problem-based Learning, Inquiry-based Learning, Project-based Learning, Research-based Learning. In conclusion, through the choice of an asynchronous virtual classroom learning model and the application of discourse analysis in Translation as a reflection activity in translation, students are able to make a more detailed and deeper translation analysis.</p>

“012012 or 111000”: preference for consumption pattern-seeking

Purpose This paper aims to examine how consumers make choices when they are faced with a fixed set of available options, consisting of both preferred and less-preferred choices, in the domain of food consumption. Specifically, the paper offers a novel perspective to predict repeated choice decisions in food consumption, which is termed as “pattern-seeking” – a consumption choice pattern that involves a coherent repetitive sequence of sub-groupings or coherently concentrated sub-groupings of options. Design/methodology/approach Eight experimental studies that contrast the existing theoretical predictions regarding repeated choices (e.g. primacy effect, recency effect, variety vs consistency) against pattern-seeking were conducted using hypothetical and actual food choices. Findings The results of experimental studies show that an explicit decision pattern (i.e. pattern-seeking) emerges as the most significant predictor of repeated choice in the food consumption domain. Research limitations/implications This study offers a novel perspective on how consumers make repeated choices in the domain of food consumption. Practical implications The results show that consumers prefer food consumption with a pattern (vs non-pattern). Thus, it would be better to generate marketing activities that allow customers to satisfy their pattern-seeking more easily. Originality/value This study advances the literature on repeated food choices by demonstrating that people possess an inherent preference for patterns in food consumption.

Cartoons Cast an Eternal Impact on Personalities

Sustainable development is the key to build nations for future generations but this medium of learning makes the concepts facile and memorable. Unfortunately these do more harm than good. Children get addicted and stick to the materialistic world and become demanding. Though cartoons such as Popeye taught many a child to start having spinach as a matter of choice, but Power Puff Girls, Angels, and Dexter have made children more aggressive in their approach and choice pattern. This chapter explores and validates the effects both fatal and positive upon the viewers, especially children. The study is based on a survey on both parents and children. The respondents in the category of children were aged between 5-10 years. Several questions pertaining to the time and duration of watching cartoons were asked.

Amalan ‘Berbudi Bahasa’: Satu Kajian Nilai Peradaban Masyarakat Malaysia

‘Apa guna berkain batik, kalau tidak berbaju kasa, Apa guna memang cantik, kalau tidak berbudi bahasa’. History has proven how the life patterns of society in the past were reflected through the values that became the basis of the development of civilization. The value is essentially an impression that affects the choice pattern of the form, the tool and the goal of action. The value becomes a measure and holds on the good bad or pretty ugliness of a behaviour based on the norms or habits of the society. As members of a society, individuals are nurtured by social values shared with others and that values eventually become prevalent in the society. From norm it becomes the civilizational values that is owned by a civilization. In the context of Malaysian society, these civilizational values is part of the society that cannot be separated. This value includes behaviour, speech and temperament. However, lately we could see that the courtesy value within our society is declining and shows the scenario is being marginalized in the daily life of the community. In this regard, the study aims at examining the level of consciousness in courtesy and looking at the forms of ignorance of the noble practices. This study uses quantitative methods that involve the collection of key data through survey of 100 people among various communities.Keywords: Practice, courtesy, values of civilization, society Abstrak: ‘Apa guna berkain batik, kalau tidak berbaju kasa, Apa guna memang cantik, kalau tidak berbudi bahasa’. Sejarah telah membuktikan betapa corak hidup masyarakat pada zaman dahulu dicerminkan melalui nilai-nilai yang menjadi asas perkembangan ketamadunan. Nilai pada asasnya merupakan tanggapan yang mempengaruhi corak pilihan terhadap bentuk, alat dan matlamat tindakan. Nilai menjadi ukuran dan pegangan tentang baik buruk atau cantik hodoh sesuatu perlakuan berasaskan kelaziman atau kebiasaan masyarakat. Sebagai anggota masyarakat, seseorang individu dipupuk dengan nilai-nilai sosial yang dikongsi bersama dengan orang lain dan nilai itu akhirnya menjadi kelaziman dalam masyarakat. Daripada kelaziman inilah maka ianya menjadi nilai peradaban yang bersifat mutlak dimiliki oleh sesebuah ketamadunan. Dalam konteks masyarakat Malaysia, nilai berbudi bahasa merupakan nilai peradaban yang tidak boleh dipisahkan dengan masyarakat. Nilai ini merangkumi tingkah laku, pertuturan dan perangai. Namun, nilai ini semakin tidak dititiberatkan dan memperlihatkan senario semakin terpinggir dalam kehidupan seharian masyarakat. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tahap kesedaran amalan berbudi bahasa dan melihat bentuk-bentuk pengabaian amalan berbudi bahasa tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif yang melibatkan pengumpulan data utama melalui tinjauan ke atas 100 orang dalam kalangan masyarakat pelbagai kaum.Kata kunci: amalan, berbudi bahasa, nilai peradaban, masyarakat.

Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Radiation Exposure Protection For Pediatric Patients Among Undergraduate Dental Students

Radiography in dentistry is commonly used in modern dental health care. It acts as a diagnostic tool in identifying the physical condition of the patients. However the use of dental radiography should be carefully managed since it can cause some side effects toward normal cells and tissues especially in growing children. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of undergraduate dental students on radiation exposure protection for pedodontic patients. A self-administered questionnaire consists of 13 questions with both ‘yes’,’no’ and multiple choice pattern was prepared to obtain information about knowledge, attitude and practice on radiation exposure protection for pedodontic patients.A total of 100 dental students were chosen as the participants. The questionnaires were assessed by manual survey. The use of dental radiograph has bee significantly enhanced over the years for better diagnosis and treatment planning .Tough the application of has been increased, there is an increased risk for unwanted exposure for both patient and operator also. In this current study, conducted among third year and final year dental students, we observed that the students are able to take proper radiograph with unnecessary retakes with years of study and practice. To conclude, it can be noted that the final year dental students were much more knowledgeable in using radiograph judicially compared to the other group of participants which belong to third year dental students. However, in terms of practise both third year and final year dental students irrespective of year of study do not follow radiation protection measures even though they were aware of it.

Pilihan Tempat Belanja Masyarakat Perkotaan Dan Implikasinya Pada Peternak Ayam Petelur Di Perdesaan

The increasing prosperity of urban communities in Denpasar, responded by an increasing number of supermarkets and other modern food retailers has raised concerns about its negative impact on traditional retailers. In this paper we discuss about the choice pattern of public spending in the city of Denpasar in an increasingly demanding era of high quality standards. This paper also tries to explain how higher welfare of urban communities can also be distributed to farmers / ranchers in rural areas. This paper surveyed the urban community in Denpasar City to find out the choice of the shopping place for egg products. The results of the analysis using Multinomial Logit found that most people in Denpasar still shop at traditional markets and stalls for low-income and middle-income household, but some high-income household tend to shop in the modern market because they have higher quality compared to with traditional markets. People with higher education and younger household tend to shop in the modern market. Based on the choice of shopping place then we can conclude that the farmers/ranchers get a positive influence of increasing welfare in the city, because farmers/ranchers are only able to distribute their products to traditional markets, small shops and stalls.