Psychiatric diagnoses and personality traits associated with disadvantageous decision-making

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jollant ◽  
S. Guillaume ◽  
I. Jaussent ◽  
F. Bellivier ◽  
M. Leboyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Past History ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Low Performance

AbstractObjectiveDecision-making impairment is an important feature of psychiatric disorders. in a large comorbid psychiatric population, we explored the link between decision-making deficit and clinical variables.MethodWe used the Iowa Gambling Task to measure decision-making in 317 patients. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to the DSM-IV criteria. Self-questionnaires were used to assess several personality traits. The last and most severe suicidal acts were characterized.Results(1) After controlling for age and medication intake, a past history of suicide attempt (OR = 2.0 [1.1–3.8]) and normothymic bipolar disorders (OR = 3.4 [1.1–10.5]) were significantly and independently associated with impaired decision-making. (2) Decision-making performance was significantly correlated with affective lability. (3) No association was found between decision-making skills and suicidal characteristics.DiscussionA lack of statistical power may have masked associations with obsessive-compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa. We did not control for other cognitive functions except attention.ConclusionThis study supports the independent association of decision-making impairment with vulnerability to suicidal behaviour but not with substance abuse. Normothymic bipolar disorders, but not unipolar disorders, were also linked to low performance. At the dimensional level, impulsivity and decision-making abilities may be distinct processes. Affective regulation skills appear to be a major influence on decision-making performance and following a relevant therapeutic target.

Decision making and vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2164-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Courtet ◽  
M. Wyart ◽  
I. Jaussent ◽  
K. Ritchie ◽  
F. Jollant
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Past History ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Suicide is a major public health concern, especially for older adults, who have higher rates of completed suicide than any other age group in most countries of the world. However, understanding suicidal behaviour remains a challenging task particularly among the elders who have been poorly studied. Decision making has been recently found to be altered in suicide attempters under 65.To test wether decision making would be a neuropsychological trait of vulnerability to suicidal behaviours, the authors used the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate normothymic non demented elders with a history of suicidal behaviour (N = 35) and compared it to decision making in non suicide attempters with a past history of depression (N = 52) and comparison subjects (N = 43). The data also were compared to those of similar groups of younger normothymic subjects. Moreover, the old suicidal patients were assessed according to the age at the onset of suicidal behaviour (before or after 60).Old suicide attempters did not significantly differ from the other aged groups and according to the age of first suicidal behaviour. Old suicide attempters presented better performances than that of younger suicidal patients.Vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in older people may proceed from cognitive processes which are different from the ones involved in suicidal vulnerability of younger subjects. These results are preliminary and further studies are needed to explore vulnerability cognitive patterns to suicide among elders.

Cognitive Functions, Impulsivity and Personality Traits in Alcohol Dependent Subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Struglia ◽  
A. Tomassini ◽  
P. Stratta ◽  
D. Spaziani ◽  
A. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Choice Pattern ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Task Strategies ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The term ‘decision making’ indicates the aspects of executive functions related to the ability to modulate the reward and punishment perception, in order to operate advantageous choices.Subjects with alcoholism exhibit poor decision making and high level of impulsivity.This study assesses the relationship between decision making ability, as measured by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and impulsivity and others temperamental and character traits in a long-term abstinent alcohol dependent sample.30 abstinent alcohol dependent subjects, referred to Drug Addiction Unit of National Health Service of L'Aquila were assessed using IGT, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11-item version (BIS-11) and the Temperament and Character Inventory - 125 items (TCI-125). The mean age was 44.53 (8.66 SD) years and educational level was 9.03 years (2.52).15 control subjects were recruited from general population and assessed with IGT only (age 41.38±11.10; educational level 12.23±3.44).The clinical and the control samples significantly differ in their performance on the IGT, the former making disadvantageous choices in the task leading to lower scores. We found only a significant correlation between IGT total score and the BIS factor Non-Planning Impulsivity.The alcoholic subjects, although in a abstinent status, show difficulties to learn the task strategies and/or earn from experience to orient toward an advantageous choice pattern, supporting the hypothesis of a decision making impairment.The lack of correlation with impulsivity factors and personality traits supports the results of other studies concluding that, at dimensional level, decision making abilities may be a distinct construct.

Executive dysfunctions in Anorexia Nervosa patients, obsessive-compulsive patients and their unaffected relatives: searching for a new intermediate phenotype

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
E. Galimberti ◽  
V. Sani ◽  
V. Scavelli ◽  
E. Fadda ◽  
F. Fanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Planning Ability

IntroductionSome authors suggested that Anorexia Nervosa (AN) could be part of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum. Evidences suggested that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) could be characterized by an impaired neuropsychological profile, referring particularly to cognitive flexibility, decision making and planning. It's possible that these deficits could represent possible endophenotypes that characterizes OCD spectrum.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was compared, cognitive flexibility, decision making and planning in 38 patients with OCD, in 21 patients with AN and in their first degree unaffected relatives (OCD relatives: 46; AN relatives: 21). Results have been also compared to a sample of 41 healthy controls (HC) and their unaffected first degree relatives (43).MethodAll participants have been assessed by a neuropsychological battery composed by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Wisconsin Sorting Card Test (WISC) and the Hanoi Tower (TH).ResultsResults showed an impaired cognitive flexibility only in OCD patients and their relatives. Patients with AN and their relatives didn’t seem to be characterized by a deficit in this area. Results obtained from the TH scores showed an impaired planning ability both in OCD and AN patients. The same deficit has been also observed in OCD relatives. Impaired decision making seemed to characterize both AN and OCD patients, compared HC. Moreover, OCD and AN relatives showed a deficit performance, suggesting an impairment in this function.ConclusionResults regarding planning and decision making seem to be in line with the hypothesis that this two domains could represent possible endophenotypes of obsessive compulsive spectrum.

scholarly journals Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Decision Making under Ambiguity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Veronica Nisticò ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Roberto Erro ◽  
Benedetta Demartini ◽  
Lucia Ricciardi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

In the last decade, decision-making has been proposed to have a central role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) aetiology, since patients show pathological doubt and an apparent inability to make decisions. Here, we aimed to comprehensively review decision making under ambiguity, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in OCD, using a meta-analytic approach. According to PRISMA Guidelines, we selected 26 studies for a systematic review and, amongst them, 16 studies were included in a meta-analysis, comprising a total of 846 OCD patients and 763 healthy controls (HC). Our results show that OCD patients perform significantly lower than HC at the IGT, pointing towards the direction of a decision making impairment. In particular, this deficit seems to emerge mainly in the last three blocks of the IGT. IGT scores in OCD patients under the age of 18 were still significantly lower than in HC. Finally, no difference emerged between medicated and unmedicated patients, since they both scored significantly lower at the IGT compared to HC. In conclusion, our results are in line with the hypothesis according to which decision making impairment might represent a potential endophenotype lying between the clinical manifestation of OCD and its neurobiological aetiology.

scholarly journals Addicted to compulsion: assessing three core dimensions of addiction across obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Grassi ◽  
Nikos Makris ◽  
Stefano Pallanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Olfactory Test

ObjectiveSeveral studies suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients display increased impulsivity, impaired decision-making, and reward system dysfunction. In a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, these findings are prototypical for addiction and have led some authors to view OCD as a behavioral addiction. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, as core dimensions of addiction, across OCD and gambling disorder (GD) patients.MethodsForty-four OCD patients, 26 GD patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Impulsivity was assessed through the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, decision-making through the Iowa Gambling Task, and reward system through a self-report clinical instrument (the Shaps-Hamilton Anhedonia Scale) assessing hedonic tone and through an olfactory test assessing hedonic appraisal to odors.ResultsBoth OCD and GD patients showed increased impulsivity when compared to HCs. More specifically, the OCD patients showed cognitive impulsivity, and the GD patients showed both increased cognitive and motor impulsivity. Furthermore, both OCD and GD patients showed impaired decision-making performances when compared to HCs. Finally, GD patients showed increased anhedonia and blunted hedonic response to pleasant odors unrelated to gambling or depression/anxiety symptoms, while OCD patients showed only increased anhedonia levels related to OC and depression/anxiety symptoms.ConclusionOCD patients showed several similarities and some differences with GD patients when compared to HCs on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, three core dimensions of addiction. These results could have relevant implications for the research of new treatment targets for OCD.

Pick a Card, Any Card: The Relationship Between Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Leonello ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Anxious Arousal ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Condition

Specific deficits in decision-making have been demonstrated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The experience of anxious arousal in obsessive-compulsive (OC) patients has been posited to be responsible for disrupting the cognitive processes that lead to efficacious decision-making (Sachdev & Malhi, 2005). In spite of this, research has neglected to examine explicitly the effect of anxiety on the relationship between decision-making and OCD. The current study investigates whether decision-making differences on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample (n = 110). Participants were randomly allocated to either an anxiety condition (n = 58) or control condition (n = 52). Anxious arousal was induced in the anxiety condition via an experimental manipulation prior to commencing the IGT. Participants in the anxiety condition performed significantly worse than those in the control group on the IGT. However, OC symptomatology did not significantly predict IGT performance. The experience of anxiety did not significantly moderate the relationship between OC symptomatology and IGT performance. These findings indicate that decision-making differences do not occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample; however, they do suggest that the experience of anxiety significantly impairs decision-making performance. The theoretical and practical applications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Personality traits and intelligence as predictors of decision making process in gambling strategies of IOWA gambling task (on the sample of military executives)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Choice Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Regulation Strategies

We present the results of empiric researches for decision making strategy of Iowa Gambling Task (Iowa Gambling Task – IGT) based on focus group of mid-level military leaders (N=120). We analyzed a correlation between such personality traits as tolerance for uncertainty, rationality, risk readiness, traits of Dark triad and Big Five, and also common level of intellectual abilities (KOT – short selective test), and pragmatic successful result of consistent process of decision making in the situation with main target as maximum possible profit. It was found that gradual choice analysis gives extra information about self-regulation strategies while decision making.

scholarly journals Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Filardi da Rocha ◽  
Nathália Bueno Alvarenga ◽  
Leandro Malloy-Diniz ◽  
Humberto Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the process of decision-making in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). In addition, we intend to expand the understanding of clinical and demographic characteristics that influence decision-making. METHOD: Our sample consisted of 214 subjects (107 diagnosed with OCD and 107 healthy controls) who were evaluated on their clinical, demographic and neuropsychological features. Moreover, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a task that detects and measures decision-making impairments, was used. RESULTS: We found that OCD patients performed significantly worse on the IGT. Furthermore, features such as symptoms of anxiety did not influence IGT performance. CONCLUSION: Impaired decision-making seems to be a key feature of OCD. Given that OCD is a complex heterogeneous disorder, homogeneous groups are necessary for an accurate characterization of our findings.

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