The role of childhood traumatic events in fear of pain related behaviours in adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1068-1068
Author(s):  
E. Dragkioti ◽  
V. Mavreas ◽  
D. Damigos ◽  
E. Kotrotsiou ◽  
M. Gouva
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Fear Of Pain ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Almost All

IntroductionTraumatic experiences during childhood may contribute to somatizing fear and anxiety related pain behaviour.ObjectiveThis study tested the role of childhood traumatic/stressful events on adult fear related pain behaviours.AimThe aim was to investigate the differences in fear of pain, anxiety pain symptoms and heart focused anxiety, among individuals who had been exposed to childhood traumatic/stressful life events in contrast to those who had not experienced.Method595 healthy individuals participated to the present study (164 men – 431 women, mean age 34, SD = 12, ranged 18–75). Subjects were classified into two groups— trauma and no-trauma — based on their personal ratings of experienced traumatic and or stressful events during childhood (300 and 295 individuals respectively). In all participants, the Fear of Pain Questionnaire - III (FPQ-III), The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20) and the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) were administered.ResultsSignificantly differences between trauma and no-trauma group were observed in almost all total scores and subscales: Severe Pain FPQ-III (t = 2,992, p = .003), Total FPQ-III (t = 2,443, p = .015), Fearful Thinking PASS-20 (t = 3,616, p = .000), Cognitive Anxiety PASS-20 (t = 2,989 p = .003), Physiological Responses PASS-20 (t = 3,666, p = .000), Total PASS-20 (t = 3,218, p = .001), Fear CAQ (t = 2,016, p = .044), Avoidance CAQ (t = 2,269, p = .024), Attention CAQ (t = 2,288, p = .022) and Total CAQ (t = 2,749, p = .006).ConclusionOur results illustrate the meangfull of trauma in clinical practise and are in a similar vein with psychoanalytic thoughts that all types of trauma are firstly psychological trauma's.

scholarly journals Life events, difficulties and dilemmas in the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome: a case–control study

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON HATCHER ◽  
ALLAN HOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome

Background. The role of stress in the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome is unclear. Our objectives in this study were first, to determine the relation between the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome and stressful life events and difficulties. Secondly, we examined the role of a particular type of problem, dilemmas, in the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome.Method. We used a case–control design with 64 consecutive referrals from an Infectious Diseases/Liaison Psychiatry Fatigue clinic and 64 age- and sex-matched controls from a general practice population control group in Leeds. We had two main outcome measures; the odds ratios of the risk of developing chronic fatigue syndrome after experiencing a severe life event, severe difficulties or both in the year and 3 months preceding onset; and the proportion of subjects in each group who experienced a dilemma prior to onset.Results. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were more likely to experience severe events and difficulties in the 3 months (OR=9, 95% CI 3·2 to 25·1) and year (OR=4·3, 95% CI 1·8 to 10·2) prior to onset of their illness than population controls. In the 3 months prior to onset 19 of the 64 patients (30%) experienced a dilemma compared to none of the controls.Conclusions. Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with stressful events and difficulties prior to onset. Those events and difficulties characterized as being dilemmas seem to be particularly important.

The Role of Faith (Spirituality/Religion) in Resilience in Sub-Saharan African Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-233
Author(s):  
Magen Mhaka-Mutepfa ◽  
Tapologo Maundeni
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Research Level ◽  
Sub Saharan

Children living in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries face a plethora of challenges that require adaptation and resilience for them to develop typically. The experiences of epidemics, armed conflicts, and many other man-made and natural disasters create abject poverty and psychological issues: the vulnerable children become orphans and/or refugees in addition to premature deaths because they lack safety nets. This article explores the role of faith (i.e., religion or spirituality) as a source of resilience with regard to chronic stressful life events experienced by children. There is need to establish the role of faith in children's lives because of the different types of adverse events that impact child development. African countries are inundated by many hazards that impact children more than any other age group and this trend requires urgent intervention by all stakeholders. At research level, there is need to conduct studies that explore, over prolonged periods of time, the processes and role of spirituality/religion (S/R) in facilitating or inhibiting children's adjustment to traumatic experiences. Additionally, at policy level, there is need for governments in SSA to implement policies, intervene and protect children; in addition to encouraging collaboration among the religious fraternity, traditional leaders, and other stakeholders to make the world a better place for children.

Specific Pathways From Adverse Experiences to BPD in Adolescence: A Criteria-Based Approach of Trauma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Marion Robin ◽  
Marie Douniol ◽  
Alexandra Pham-Scottez ◽  
Ludovic Gicquel ◽  
Veronique Delvenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Borderline Patients ◽  
Separation From Parents

Within the European Research Network on BPD (EURNET-BPD; n = 85 BPD adolescents, n = 84 healthy controls, aged 13–19), this study explored the combination of three types of adversity—maltreatment, stressful life events (early separation from parents, parental suicide attempt, parental chronic disease) and parental bonding—as predictors of BPD, on a criteria-based approach. Results indicated that cumulative traumatic experiences largely characterize borderline adolescent's history; and, in the multivariate regression models, all adversity experiences were likely to contribute to BPD symptoms. The role of emotional abuse, parental suicide attempt, and a decrease in paternal level of care were particularly prominent. Moreover, adversities combinations were different for each criterion, suggesting that specific sets of traumatic experiences are leading to BPD. These findings argue for a further criteria-based exploration of trauma in borderline patients, as well as a more accurate and efficient prevention.

scholarly journals The association between stressful life events and perceived quality of life among women attending infertility treatments: the moderating role of coping strategies and perceived couple’s dyadic adjustment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clelia Zurlo ◽  
Maria Francesca Cattaneo Della Volta ◽  
Federica Vallone
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Infertility Treatments

Abstract Background Research highlighted that Stressful Life Events have high incidence among infertile patients and significant impact on physical and medical parameters related to reproductive functions, but their potential role among factors influencing the infertile patients’ perception of fertility-related Quality of Life (QoL) has not been explored. The present study aims to investigate the associations of Stressful Life Events (Stressful events in the family of origin, In family pre-existing pregnancy difficulties, Health problems in childhood) with perceived fertility-related QoL in women attending infertility treatments, examining the potential moderating role of adopted coping strategies and perceived couple’s dyadic adjustment. Methods A questionnaire consisting of Socio-demographics and Infertility-related characteristics, Stress-inducing events in the couples’ lives Questionnaire (FLS), Coping Orientations to Problem Experienced (COPE), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Core and Treatment subscales of Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) was administered to 266 women attending infertility treatments. A descriptive correlational design with cross-sectional comparison was used. Results Logistic Regression Analyses after adjusting for socio-demographic and infertility-related characteristics revealed that women who reported Stressful events in the family of origin and In family pre-existing pregnancy difficulties were more likely to report lower levels of perceived Core QoL, while women who reported Health problems in childhood were more likely to report lower levels of perceived Treatment QoL. Couple’s dyadic adjustment and specific coping strategies were significantly associated with perceived Core and Treatment QoL and they also significantly moderated the associations between stressful life events and perceived QoL. Conclusions Data provided original evidence on the strong association between stressful life events and perceived fertility-related QoL also highlighting individual and couples’ resources to define counselling interventions with women attending infertility treatments.

scholarly journals Dental Care–Related Fear and Anxiety: Distress Tolerance as a Possible Mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Addicks ◽  
D.W. McNeil ◽  
C.L. Randall ◽  
A. Goddard ◽  
L.M. Romito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Fear Of Pain ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Dental Phobia ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Distress tolerance, the degree to which one is able to cope with and endure negative emotional states, has been broadly applied to understand and treat a variety of health (including behavioral) problems, but little is known about its role in oral health care and specifically dental care–related fear and anxiety, making it a novel construct in the oral health care literature. This cross-sectional study examined distress tolerance as a possible predictor of dental fear and anxiety among a sample of adults with and without diagnoses of dental phobia, investigated possible differences in levels of distress tolerance between adults with and without dental phobia, and determined possible associations between distress tolerance and fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, and depression. Using 52 volunteers ( n = 31, dental phobia group; n = 21, healthy comparison group), this investigation used self-report measures of distress tolerance, fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, dental fear, and depression. The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, a semi-structured interview, was used to assess for dental phobia and other psychological disorders. Distress tolerance significantly predicted dental fear and anxiety, even after controlling for age, sex, fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, and depression. In addition, the dental phobia group had lower distress tolerance than the healthy comparison group. Distress tolerance was significantly associated with fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, and depression. Findings indicate that low distress tolerance plays a unique and distinct role as a possible mechanism in the genesis of dental care–related fear and anxiety and phobia and may exacerbate the experience of other states, including fear of pain and anxiety sensitivity. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results indicate that patients who have a lower ability to tolerate emotional and physical distress may have higher levels of dental care–related fear and anxiety and even dental phobia, as well as associated sequelae (e.g., avoidance of dental care). Treatment of highly fearful dental patients may helpfully include a focus on increasing distress tolerance.

The Role of Experiential Avoidance in Posttraumatic Stress and Physical Pain Symptoms

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Pasillas ◽  
Mark Stalnaker ◽  
Jason Deviva ◽  
Andrew Santanello ◽  
Melissa Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Michael Kelly, Hilary Footitt, Myriam Salama-Carr (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Zvada
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Almost All

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

Stressful life events induce graves' disease: further evidence for the role of stress as an inducing factor in graves' disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou ◽  
Lambros Athanassiou ◽  
Eleni Xanthakou ◽  
Panagiotis Spyropoulos ◽  
Thomais Kalogirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Graves Disease

ON EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THERMAL AND WIND FACTORS FOR A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE WORLD OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.

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