Deficit in speech development at the age of five years predicts alexithymia in late adolescent males

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1118-1118
Author(s):  
M. Karukivi ◽  
M. Joukamaa ◽  
L. Hautala ◽  
O. Kaleva ◽  
K.-M. Haapasalo-Pesu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Welfare Centre ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Using Data

ObjectiveAssessment of the etiology of alexithymia is in most studies hindered by recall bias. The aim of the present study was to assess the significance of individual developmental factors at the age of five years for alexithymia in late adolescence. By using data from a child welfare centre check-up at the age of five years, it was possible to avoid recall bias.MethodsThe sample consisted of 723 subjects, who were comprehensively examined at the age of five years at a child welfare centre where their state of health, verbal, gross motor, visuo-motor, socio-emotional, and cognitive development were assessed. In late adolescence (mean age 19 years) their alexithymic features were measured using the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).ResultsIn females, none of the developmental factors remained associated with later alexithymic features in the multivariate analyses. However, in males, emphasis on the variables measuring speech development was important. In particular, a variable measuring the ability to comply with multi-part instructions was strongly related with alexithymic features in late adolescence.ConclusionThe results suggest speech development is a significant factor in the developmental process of alexithymia, at least in males. It is possible that children who have impaired language skills and therefore struggle in social situations have a higher risk of developing alexithymia. This emphasizes the need for further research, to assess how the inadequate speech development predisposes to the emergence of alexithymic features and whether it is a gender-specific phenomenon.

scholarly journals Close Association between Awareness of Teeth-Alignment Disorder and Systemic Disorders in Late Adolescence

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Masanobu Abe ◽  
Akihisa Mitani ◽  
Atsushi Yao ◽  
Chun-Dong Zhang ◽  
Kazuto Hoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Medical Checkup ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Medical Questionnaire

Background: Oral diseases are associated with various systemic disorders. Our previous research revealed new insights into the close relationship between occlusal disorder (functional disorder) and systemic disorders (allergic rhinitis, asthma, and arrhythmia) in late adolescence. Here, we investigated whether there was an association between the awareness of teeth-alignment disorder (morphological disorder) and common systemic disorders. Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of the mandatory medical questionnaire that is required for the freshman medical checkup in Japan. We collected the data of all students who completed the questionnaire between April 2017 and April 2019. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test, and a multivariate analysis was performed with a binomial logistic regression model. Results: The subjects were 8903 students aged 17–19 who had no awareness of occlusal disorder. The rate of awareness of teeth-alignment disorder was 20.43% (1819 of 8903 eligible subjects), and the aware students had significantly greater rates of gum bleeding (p < 0.001), pollinosis (n = 0.007), and atopic dermatitis (n = 0.042). The multivariate analysis revealed significant rates of gum bleeding (odds ratio (OR) 1.540, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.386–1.711, p < 0.001), pollinosis (OR 1.197, 95% CI: 1.040–1.378, p = 0.012), and female gender (OR 1.141, 95% CI: 1.002–1.299, p = 0.046) among the students with awareness of teeth-alignment disorder. Conclusion: We identified close associations between the awareness of teeth-alignment disorder and both gum bleeding and pollinosis in a late-adolescent population. The systemic disorders that are targeted by teeth-alignment disorder were found to be different from those targeted by occlusal disorder.

scholarly journals Psychological Legacies of Intergenerational Trauma under South African Apartheid: Prenatal Stress Predicts Increased Psychiatric Morbidity during Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood in Soweto, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wooyoung Kim ◽  
Rihlat Said Mohamed ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
Linda M. Richter ◽  
Christopher W. Kuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Intergenerational Effects

ABSTRACTBackgroundSouth Africa’s rates of psychiatric morbidity are among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa and are foregrounded by the country’s long history of political violence during apartheid. Recent evidence suggests that maternal trauma during gestation may intergenerationally impact the developing fetus and elevate the future child’s risk for psychiatric disease. We aim to evaluate the intergenerational effects of prenatal stress experienced during apartheid on late adolescent psychiatric morbidity and also assess the potential ameliorative effects of prenatal social support.MethodParticipants (n = 1051) come from Birth-to-Twenty, a longitudinal birth cohort study in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa’s largest peri-urban township which was the epicenter of violent repression and resistance during the final years of the apartheid regime. Pregnant women were prospectively enrolled in 1990 and completed questionnaires assessing social experiences, and their children’s psychiatric morbidity were assessed at age 17-18.ResultsFull data were available from 304 mother-child pairs in 2007-8. Pregnant women who experienced worse traumatic stress in 1990 had children who exhibited greater psychiatric morbidity during late adolescence. This relationship was only significant, however, among children born to younger mothers and adolescents who experienced greater concurrent stress. Social support did not buffer the long-term impacts of prenatal stress on future psychiatric morbidity.ConclusionGreater prenatal stress predicted adverse psychiatric outcomes among children born to younger mothers and adolescents who experienced greater concurrent stress. Our findings suggest that prenatal stress may affect adolescent mental health, have stress-sensitizing effects, and represent possible intergenerational effects of trauma experienced under apartheid in this sample.

scholarly journals Aggression In Adolescent Chakma Tribal Students As A Function Of Gender And Stage Of Development

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Rasel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Group ◽  
Stage Of Development

Aggression behaviour in 160 adult Chakma tribal students was studied. The subjects were equally divided into boys and girls. Each category was again subdivided into early adolescent and late adolescent. Age of early adolescent group ranged from 11 to 14 years and late adolescent group ranged from 15 to 18 years. Thus, the study used a 2×2 factorial design representing two levels of gender (boy versus girl) and two levels of stage of development (early versus late adolescence). The measure of aggressive behaviour was administered on the sample for data collection. It was found that regardless of stage of development, boys expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than girls. Similarly, regardless of gender, respondents at early adolescent stage expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than the respondents at late adolescent stage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9722 JLES 2011 6: 59-63

Text messaging: one step forward for phone companies, one leap backward for adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa LaBode
Keyword(s):  
Text Messaging ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Adolescent Groups ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Exploration

Abstract The increasing popularity of text messaging has made this mode of communication the preferred interaction portal for teens. Virtually every teenager has a cell phone with an un­limited text messaging plan. Text messaging easily facilitates communication between individuals without much interruption into daily life. After administering a survey to ten early adolescents and ten late adolescents, the effects of this technology are manifested across many developmental characteristics. Communication, responsibility, and relationships all seem to be negatively influenced by the use of text messaging. This pattern is seen in both early and late adolescent groups. Developmentally, different characteristic features categorize early and late adolescence, yet it seems the use of text messaging is propelling early adolescence forward by removing the consequences of awkward face-to-face interactions. This early onset of late adolescence results in having very young teens, 12 and 13 year olds, showing increased interest in romantic relation­ships and sexual exploration. The anxiety and uneasiness felt by early teens about speaking with others has led to deficits in the ability to communicate in social settings, which could prove troublesome later. This study looks at only a few developmental issues associated with text messaging use among teens. It would be relevant and appropriate to study other ways that text messaging affects our youth in addition to exploring the more long-term effects of using this technology.

scholarly journals Governmental Influences on Organizational Capacity: The Case of Child Welfare Nonprofits

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Murphy ◽  
Robbie Waters Robichau
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Relational Contracting ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhen government agencies interact with nonprofit organizations they have various effects on the organization’s capacity. But, it is unclear how a particular agency’s environment-both internal (i. e. organizational culture) and external (i. e. resource dependency)-determines whether government’s influence on that agency will be positive or negative. Using data from a survey of child welfare nonprofits, this paper examines to what extent a nonprofit’s relationship with government improves or hinders their capacity. Evidence suggests that the nonprofit’s organizational culture, dependency on government funds, and relational contracting has a significant impact on the perception that governmental interaction has made capacity better or worse. Contrary to expectations, there are improvements in management activities as government funding and contracts increases.

scholarly journals When Insecure Attachment Dispositions Affect Mentoring Relationship Quality: An Exploration of Interactive Mentoring Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Larose ◽  
George M. Tarabulsy ◽  
Geneviève Boisclair-Châteauvert ◽  
Michael Karcher
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Mentor Training ◽  
Mentoring Relationship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adult Mentors ◽  
One Year

AbstractIn this study, we explored the effects of mentor and mentee insecure attachment dispositions (ambivalence and avoidance) on mentoring relationship quality while considering the specific nature of the interactive mentoring context. Participants (N = 252 matches) were enrolled in the MIRES program, a one-year college-based mentoring program that matches late adolescent mentees (17-year-olds) with young adult mentors (23-year-olds), designed to facilitate the transition to college. Using data drawn from mentors’ logbooks (at nine time points), two interactive contexts were addressed: (1) situations involving mentee academic issues and mentor proactive academic support (academically oriented), and (2) situations involving mentee personal issues and mentor emotional support, and caring (emotionally oriented). Linear regression results showed that both mentors’ and mentees’ avoidance uniquely predicted lower reports of mentoring relationship quality, but especially in emotionally oriented matches and when their partners’ attachment ambivalence was high. In matches less focused on emotional support, mentors’ attachment avoidance interacted with mentees’ ambivalence to predict positive mentoring relationship quality. Theoretical, practical, and mentor training issues are discussed.

Evaluation of late adolescent pregnancies: Is late adolescence a risk factor for preterm labor?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunullah Soysal ◽  
Abdullah Sarioz ◽  
Gokce Anik Ilhan ◽  
Ali Kocagoz ◽  
Aylin Dizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancies

scholarly journals Ten Answers Every Child Welfare Agency Should Provide

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Barbara Fallon ◽  
Mark Kartusch ◽  
Joanne Filippelli ◽  
Nico Trocmé ◽  
Tara Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Child Welfare Agency ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University ◽  
Key Questions

A university-child welfare agency partnership between the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto and Highland Shores Children’s Aid (Highland Shores), a child welfare agency in Ontario, allowed for the identification and examination of ten questions to which every child welfare organization should know the answers. Using data primarily from the Ontario Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (OCANDS), members of the partnership were able to answer these key questions about the children and families served by Highland Shores and the services provided to children and families. The Ontario child welfare sector has experienced challenges in utilizing existing data sources to inform practice and policy. The results of this partnership illustrate how administrative data can be used to answer relevant, field-driven questions. Ultimately, the answers to these questions are valuable to the broader child welfare sector and can help to enhance agency accountability and improve services provided to vulnerable children and their families.

scholarly journals Chronic methylphenidate treatment during adolescence has long-term effects on monoaminergic function

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Di Miceli ◽  
Adesina Omoloye ◽  
Benjamin Gronier
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Dorsal Raphe ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Serotonin Neurons ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
Dorsal Raphé

Background: Psychostimulants like methylphenidate or D-amphetamine are often prescribed for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in children. Whether such drugs can be administered into a developing brain without consequences in adulthood is still an open question. Methods: Here, using in vivo extracellular electrophysiology in anesthetised preparations, combined with behavioural assays, we have examined the long-term consequences in adulthood of a chronic methylphenidate oral administration (5 mg/kg/day, 15 days) in early adolescent (post-natal day 28) and late adolescent (post-natal day 42) rats, by evaluating body weight change, sucrose preference (indicator of anhedonia), locomotor sensitivity to D-amphetamine and electrical activities of ventral tegmental area dopamine and dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons. Results: Chronic methylphenidate treatment during early or late adolescence did not induce weight deficiencies and anhedonia-like behaviours at adulthood. However, it increased bursting activities of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons. Furthermore, chronic methylphenidate treatment during early but not during late adolescence enhanced D-amphetamine-induced rearing activity, as well as ventral tegmental area dopamine cell excitability (firing, burst and population activity), associated with a partial desensitisation of dopamine D2 auto-receptors. Conclusions: We have demonstrated here that early, but not late, adolescent exposure to oral methylphenidate may induce long-lasting effects on monoamine neurotransmission. The possible clinical implication of these data will be discussed.

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