Activation of posterior pair-rule stripe expression in response to maternal caudal and zygotic knirps activities

Male: Length 2.6-3 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and feet thickly white pruinose, but the ground color showing through; face moderately wide, wholly pollinose, this pollen yellow in the middle, reaching the orbits at the suture, sides of upper part narrowly, below the suture widely white pollinose, sonsetimes the yellow pollen covers most of upper part and extends onto the inner part of the palpi; palpi with snow white pollen, each nearly as large as upper part of face; antennae wholly yellow, small, arista whitish; orbital cilia white, rather long on the sides; occiput, front, thorax and abdomen reddish coppery, posterior margins of abdominal segments sometimes green ; bristles of thorax small, black; hairs of ahdomen very short, white; pleura and coxae black with ground color nearly concealed with white pollen, tips of coxae yellow; hypopygium small, with a long, straight, black appendage extending forward under the abdomen and small yellowish appendages inside of this long one; femora, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, last two joints of all tarsi blackish; the minute hairs on all femora and tibiae white, the small bristles on tibiae black; fore tibiae with a row of long white hairs on upper surface, which are as long as diameter of tibiae and extend to fourth tarsal joint, becoming shorter towards the end; apical joint of middle tarsi very slightly widened; pulvilli not enlarged ; joints of fore tarsi as 20-8-6-5-7 ; of middle ones as 32-14-9-6-6; joints of posterior pair as 25-19-11-6-7.

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Induction of a RAR beta 2-lacZ transgene by retinoic acid reflects the neuromeric organization of the central nervous system

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.116.4.977 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 977-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Zimmer ◽

A. Zimmer

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽

Induction Pattern ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Beta 2 ◽

Transgenic Embryos ◽

Craniofacial Defects ◽

Pair Rule

The hormone retinoic acid (RA) has been implicated in the organization of the anteroposterior (AP) body axis. In this paper, we describe the effects of RA on the activity of the RA-inducible retinoic acid receptor-beta 2 (RAR beta 2) promoter. When transgenic embryos carrying a RAR beta 2-lacZ reporter gene were exposed to a single dose of RA between gestational days 8.5 to 10.5, lacZ expression was induced in the anterior central nervous system (CNS). Strikingly, the transgene was expressed in a segmented pattern reminiscent of that of Drosophila ‘pair-rule’ genes. RA treatment of midgastrulation embryos at day 7.5 disturbed the segmentation and produced severe craniofacial defects. We discuss the possibility that the entire anterior CNS is segmented and that this segmentation is reflected by the RAR beta 2-lacZ induction pattern.

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her1, a zebrafish pair-rule like gene, acts downstream of notch signalling to control somite development

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.126.13.3005 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 126 (13) ◽

pp. 3005-3014 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C. Takke ◽

J.A. Campos-Ortega

Keyword(s):

Active Form ◽

Notch Signalling ◽

Paraxial Mesoderm ◽

Presomitic Mesoderm ◽

Essentially Normal ◽

Early Embryos ◽

Somite Formation ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Ectopic Activation ◽

Pair Rule

During vertebrate embryonic development, the paraxial mesoderm becomes subdivided into metameric units known as somites. In the zebrafish embryo, genes encoding homologues of the proteins of the Drosophila Notch signalling pathway are expressed in the presomitic mesoderm and expression is maintained in a segmental pattern during somitogenesis. This expression pattern suggests a role for these genes during somite development. We misexpressed various zebrafish genes of this group by injecting mRNA into early embryos. RNA encoding a constitutively active form of notch1a (notch1a-intra) and a truncated variant of deltaD [deltaD(Pst)], as well as transcripts of deltaC and deltaD, the hairy-E(spl) homologues her1 and her4, and groucho2 were tested for their effects on somite formation, myogenesis and on the pattern of transcription of putative downstream genes. In embryos injected with any of these RNAs, with the exception of groucho2 RNA, the paraxial mesoderm differentiated normally into somitic tissue, but failed to segment correctly. Activation of notch results in ectopic activation of her1 and her4. This misregulation of the expression of her genes might be causally related to the observed mesodermal defects, as her1 and her4 mRNA injections led to effects similar to those seen with notch1a-intra. deltaC and deltaD seem to function after subdivision of the presomitic mesoderm, since the her gene transcription pattern in the presomitic mesoderm remains essentially normal after misexpression of delta genes. Whereas notch signalling alone apparently does not affect myogenesis, zebrafish groucho2 is involved in differentiation of mesodermal derivatives.

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Teneurin-1, a vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila pair-rule gene ten-m, is a neuronal protein with a novel type of heparin-binding domain

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.112.12.2019 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 112 (12) ◽

pp. 2019-2032 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.D. Minet ◽

B.P. Rubin ◽

R.P. Tucker ◽

S. Baumgartner ◽

R. Chiquet-Ehrismann

Keyword(s):

Sequence Motifs ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Terminal Part ◽

Phylogenetic Conservation ◽

Neuronal Protein ◽

Repeat Proteins ◽

Heparin Binding Domain ◽

Pair Rule Gene ◽

Pair Rule

The Drosophila gene ten-m is the first pair-rule gene not encoding a transcription factor, but an extracellular protein. We have characterized a highly conserved chicken homologue that we call teneurin-1. The C-terminal part harbors 26 repetitive sequence motifs termed YD-repeats. The YD-repeats are most similar to the core of the rhs elements of Escherichia coli. Related repeats in toxin A of Clostridium difficile are known to bind specific carbohydrates. We show that recombinantly expressed proteins containing the YD-repeats of teneurin-1 bind to heparin. Furthermore, heparin lyase treatment of extracts of cells expressing recombinant YD-repeat protein releases this protein from high molecular mass aggregates. In situ hybridization and immunostaining reveals teneurin-1 expression in neurons of the developing visual system of chicken and Drosophila. This phylogenetic conservation of neuronal expression from flies to birds implies fundamental roles for teneurin-1 in neurogenesis. This is supported by the neurite outgrowth occurring on substrates made of recombinant YD-repeat proteins, which can be inhibited by heparin. Database searches resulted in the identification of ESTs encoding at least three further members of the teneurin family of proteins. Furthermore, the human teneurin-1 gene could be identified on chromosome Xq24/25, a region implied in an X-linked mental retardation syndrome.

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Analysis of function of the pair-rule genes hairy, even-skipped and fushi tarazu in mosaic Drosophila embryos

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.107.4.847 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 107 (4) ◽

pp. 847-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.A. Lawrence ◽

P. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Genetic Interactions ◽

Nuclear Transplantation ◽

Fushi Tarazu ◽

Segmentation Gene ◽

Hairy Cells ◽

Analysis Of Function ◽

Mutant Cells ◽

Pair Rule ◽

Drosophila Embryos

We report the first attempt of its kind to study genetic interactions using young Drosophila embryos that are mosaic for wildtype and mutant cells. Using nuclear transplantation we make mosaic embryos in which a patch of cells lacks a particular segmentation gene, A. With antibodies, we than look at the expression of another gene that is known to be downstream of gene A, with respect to the cells in the patch. We have examples of patches of hairy cells (where we monitor the effect on fushi tarazu (ftz) expression), even-skipped (monitoring ftz) and ftz (monitoring engrailed and Ultrabithorax). Our main finding is that the dependence of engrailed expression on the ftz gene is strictly cell-autonomous. This result goes some way towards explaining the dependence of Ultrabithorax expression on ftz, a dependence we show to be locally cell-autonomous within parts of parasegments 6 and 8 but non autonomous within parasegment 7.

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IV.—Note on a Fossil Crab and a Group of Balani Discovered in Concretions on the Beach at Ormara Headland, Mekran Coast

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800125014 ◽

1905 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

pp. 305-310

Author(s):

Henry Woodward

Keyword(s):

Posterior Pair ◽

Dorsal Aspect ◽

Small Crab ◽

The Family ◽

Shore Crabs

Having been desired by my friend Miss Caroline Birley to examine two Crustaceans in nodules from the Mekran Coast— part of a much larger series, mostly enclosing fossil shells, described by Mr. R. B. Newton, F.G.S. (see ante, pp. 293–303)—I gladly comply with the request to add a note thereon to his paper.The first concretion, when broken open, displays the dorsal aspect in impression and counterpart of a small crab, 5½ cm. broad by 3 cm. deep, having one long, slender, forcipated chela, imperfectly preserved, measuring nearly 5 cm. in length; and part of one of the fifth posterior pair of feet, adapted for swimming, showing it to have been near to the family Portunidæ, to which our common shore-crabs of the genus Portunus belong. None of these, however, can be satisfactorily compared with the fossil crab from Ormara, which is certainly referable to another genus.

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