PENGAYAAN PAKAN BENIH RAJUNGAN (Portunus Pelagicus) STADIA MEGALOPA MELALUI PEMBERIAN BETA KAROTEN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai nutrisi pakan alami rotifer dan artemia melalui penambahan beta karoten yang bersumber dari wortel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2020 di unit pembenihan kepiting dan rajungan Balai Pe-rikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BPBAP) Takalar. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sebanyak 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah larva rajungan (Portunus Pelagicus) stadia megalopa yang ditebar dengan kepadatan 5 ekor/l dan dipelihara sampai memasuki stadia crab. Luaran penelitian yang ditargetkan adalah teknologi pengayaan pakan alami rotifer dan artemia menggunakan beta karoten yang berasal dari wortel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemberian frekwensi pakan yang tepat setelah dikayakan dengan beta caroten akan meningkatkan sintasan dan pertumbuhan pada larva rajungan. Frekwensi pakan yang tepat diberikan pada larva rajungan yang terbaik untuk kelang-sungan hidup larva rajungan adalah pemberian pakan 3 kali/hari. This study aims to increase the nutritional value of natural rotifer and artemia feed by adding beta carotene from carrots. This research was conducted in May 2020 at the hatchery unit of the Brackish Water Cultivation Fishery Center (BPBAP) Takalar. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The experimental animals used were small crab larvae (Portunus pelagicus) in the megalopa stage which were stocked with a density of 5 individuals/l and they were kept until entering the crab stage. The target output of this research is natural feed enrichment technology for rotifer and artemia using beta carotene derived from carrots. The results showed that giving the right frequency of feed after being enriched with beta carotene would increase survival and growth in small crab larvae. The best frequency of feed given to small crab larvae for the survival of small crab larvae is feeding 3 times/day.

Recovery Kitin Dari Limbah Cangkang Rajungan

The small crab animal is important for the fisheries sector in Indonesia, but usually the small crab industry only takes meat and allows the crab shell to become a pile of waste. To reduce the potential for pollution caused by a small crab shell waste, the waste can be reused to obtain chitin. Small crab shell waste still contains quite a lot of chemical compounds, including protein, minerals (CACO), and chitin. The study conducted chitin extraction with a process preceded by deproteination and then demineralization. Chitin was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that chitin was successfully extracted from the small crab shell through the deproteination and demineralization process with FTIR l, which results the characteristic spectrum of chitin compounds such as waves of 3433 cm 'for -OH, -NH groups. The absorption around the wave number 3433 cm occurs because of the overlap between the absorption -NH and -OH and the wave number 701 cm 'for the b-1,4-glycosidic group.

Isolasi Glukosamin dari Limbah Cangkang Rajungan Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus,1758) (Malacostraca:Portunidae) dengan Hidrolisis Asam Klorida

ABSTRAK: Glukosamin merupakan monomer dari kitosan yang dapat diperoleh dari limbah cangkang rajungan (P pelagicus). Glukosamin dibutuhkan dalam pembentukan dan perbaikan tulang rawan dan jaringan tubuh lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik glukosamin dari limbah cangkang rajungan. Proses isolasi kitosan rajungan terdiri dari deproteinasi dengan NaOH 3N, demineralisasi dengan HCl 1N, dan deasetilasi dengan NaOH 50%. Kitosan yang diperoleh dianalisis karakteristik dan derajat deasetilasinya, selanjutnya kitosan dihidrolisis secara kimia dengan larutan HCl 20% pada suhu kamar selama 4 jam. Glukosamin yang dihasilkan dihitung rendemen, loss on drying (LoD), tingkat kelarutan dan derajat deasetilasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rendemen kitosan cangkang rajungan adalah 11,3%, berwarna putih, tidak berbau, kadar air 9,2%, kadar abu 5,4%, dan derajat deasetilisasi 90,8%. Rendemen glukosamin sebesar 8,6%, dengan nilai Loss on Drying 1,3%, kelarutan sebesar 72% dan derajat deasetilisasi sebesar 96,95%. Spektra infrared menunjukan adanya gugus -NH, -OH, -CH dan –C=O yang sesuai dengan yang terdapat pada glukosamin. ABSTRACT: Glucosamine is a monomer from chitosan which can be obtained from small crab shell (P pelagicus) waste. Glucosamine is needed in the formation and repair of cartilage and other body tissues. This study aims to determine the characteristics of glucosamine from small crab shell waste. The process of isolating chitosan from small crab shells consisted of deproteination with 3N NaOH, demineralization with 1N HCl, and deacetylation with 50% NaOH. The chitosan obtained was analyzed its characteristics and degrees of deacetylation, then chitosan was chemically hydrolyzed with 20% HCl solution at room temperature for 4 hours. The resulting glucosamine is then calculated yield, loss on drying (LoD), solubility level and degree of deacetylation. The results showed that the yield of chitosan crab shells was 11.3%, white, odorless, 9.2% moisture content, 5.4% ash content, and 90.8% deacetylation rate. Glucosamine yield was 8.6%, with a Loss on Drying value of 1.3%, solubility of 72% and the degree of deacetylation of 96.95%. Infrared spectra show the presence of -NH, -OH, -CH and -C = O groups that match those found in glucosamine

KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK NUGGET RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) DENGAN SUBSTITUSI SURIMI IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp.)

ABSTRACT This research aims to study the effect of mackerel surimi substitution and the chemical composition of the nuggets. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments namely P1 (control) (100% crab meat: 0% surimi mackerel), P2 (70% crab meat: 30% mackerel surimi), P2 (crab meat 60%: mackerel surimi 60%) and P4 (50% crab meat: 50% mackerel surimi). The results of crab nugget research substituted with mackerel surimi obtained the best treatment organoleptic test obtained at P2 treatment with a fairly good panelist assessment. The best organoleptic test was found in the P2 treatment with the values of the color, aroma, texture, and taste parameters respectively 7.2, 6.2, 7.2 and 7.2. The highest crab fish substitution surimi crab nugget crab test on the P4 treatment with the value of water content, protein content and fat content was 45.25%. 29.79% and 4.61% respectively. Keywords: small crab, mackerel, nuggets, surimi, organoleptic test.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh substitusi surimi ikan kembung dan komposisi kimia nugget. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu P1 (kontrol) (100% daging rajungan : 0% surimi ikan kembung), P2 (daging rajungan 70% : surimi ikan kembung 30%), P2 (daging rajungan 60% : surimi ikan kembung 60%) dan P4 (daging rajungan 50% : surimi ikan kembung 50%). Hasil penelitian nugget rajungan yang disubstitusikan dengan surimi ikan kembung diperoleh perlakuan terbaik uji organoleptik diperoleh pada perlakuan P2 dengan penilaian panelis yang cukup baik. Rerata uji organoleptik terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan P2 dengan nilai parameter warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa berturut-turut adalah 7,2, 6,2, 7,2 dan 7,2. Uji kimia nugget rajungan substitusi surimi ikan kembung tertinggi pada perlakuan P4 dengan nilai kadar air, kadar protein dan kadar lemak berturut-turut 45,25%. 29,79% dan 4,61%.Kata kunci: rajungan, ikan kembung, nugget, surimi, uji organoleptik.

A new species of crab-eating rat of the genus Ichthyomys, from Ecuador (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

Based on two adult specimens collected in the Río León (Azuay, Ecuador), we describe a new highland species of a small crab-eating rat of the genus Ichthyomys Thomas (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Ichthyomyini). It is distinguishable from Ichthyomys hydrobates (Winge, 1891), the species phenetically closest to it, by its smaller size, bicolored tail (unicolored in I. hydrobates), broad and heavily fringed hindfoot (narrower and moderately fringed in I. hydrobates), and several craniodental traits (e.g. rostrum short broad; nasals anteriorly truncated; interorbital region narrow; supraorbital margins smoothly rounded; supraorbital foramina small, zygomatic plate very narrow; incisors opisthodont; length of M3 half that of M2). The new species occurs in the western Andes in southern Ecuador and is allopatric with Ichthyomys stolzmanni Thomas, 1893, which also has a bicolored tail but is larger. The new species brings the number of Ecuadorean Ichthyomys to four, Ecuador thus becoming the country with the greatest diversity of Ichthyomyini (four genera and eight species).

BUDIDAYA RAJUNGAN DALAM KERAMBA JARING DITENGGELAMKAN SECARA TERPADU DI PERAIRAN KECAMATAN SIGERI KABUPATEN PANGKEP

This study aims to (1) examine the physical and chemical aspects of marine oceanography, (2) determine the suitability of location and swimming crab culture techniques in submerged net cages, (3) find out the management strategies of crab culture management in submerged net cages. The results showed that the suitability of waters for crab cultivation activities in the karamba nets was submerged by using indicators of temperature, salinity, oxygen, pH and brightness obtained two suitability criteria, namely sesai and not. The results of the suitability analysis of crab cultivation land using a Geographic Information System (GIS) obtained two criteria for suitability of cultivated land with an area of each appropriate category that is 46,785.32 ha and not according to 1,152.4 ha. The results of management strategies that can be applied to realize integrated management of small crab culture include: 1) Development and socialization of small crab culture; 2) Management of integrated small crab cultivation; 3) Law enforcement related to the destruction of coastal ecosystems 4) Prohibition of capturing crabs laying eggs; 5) Construction of small crab hatcheries for small crab cultivation needs; 6) Development and provision of venture capital.

MODEL PEMBATASAN UKURAN PENANGKAPAN RAJUNGAN DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN EKONOMI NELAYAN SERTA KEBERLANJUTAN SUMBERDAYA

Blue swimming crab (blue crab) is one of the fisheries resource commodities that have high economic value, so the opportunities for export to different countries is widely open.Optimization of management and utilization of blue crab is important for sustaining economic benefit.This research aims to (1) analyze bioeconomic resource of blue crab in the waters of Tangerang, Jakarta Bay, Bekasi and Karawang; (2) evaluate the utilization of blue crab resources processed by “mini plant” in Dadap Village Tangerang Regency; (3)feasibility study of blue crab resource utilization based on size. Research locationresource for management wasconducted in the waters of Tangerang, Bay of Jakarta, Bekasi, Karawang and the utilization of blue crab was done in Dadap Village, Tangerang Regency. The research method used is the case study method. Sampling method used was purposive sampling for fishermen, the census for mini plant, and random sampling for small crab processing system. Bioeconomic Gordon-Shaefer, analysis of productivity, and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) was used to analyze the data. Bioeconomic analysis results showed that the actual harvest is 1,152 tons/year, it has not exceeded the MEY level andeconomic overfishing has not occurred. Opportunity of increasing effort is possible and process of blue crab with size of above eight centimeters is more profitable and encourage a more stable stock of blue crab, processing of crab with optimum production, and increase efficiency of“mini plant”management in the long run.Government policies in controlling mesh size of blue crab fishing gear ≥ 8 cm should be strictly enforced, and processing plants do not accept and produce small crab <8 cm, in order to achieve sustainable blue crab resource management

Comparison the Effectiveness of Chitosanin Blue Crab Shells with Ciprofloxacin to the Development of Eschericia coli

Background: Escherichia coliis a normal intestinal flora that have contributions on the normal functioning of human digestion, but it will turn into a pathogen when it is outside the intestinal tract. E. coli including family Enterobacteriaceae, facultative anaerobic. Characteristics of E. coli is a bacteria gram-negative rod-shaped, motile with flagella or nonmotile, fermentation of glucose, and producing gas. Chitosan has antimicrobial effect against bacteria. Amine moieties of chitosancontent positively charged which is very reactive, and have the ability to bind with the cell walls of bacteria are negative charged. Amine cluster also has a free electron pair, so it was able to attract minerals Ca2+ in the cell walls of bacteria.Objective: to know the comparative effectiveness of chitosanon the shell of a small crab attaching with ciprofloxacin antibiotics against the development of the bacteria E. coli.Methods: this research uses experimental methods. Techniques used in measuring antimicrobial activity is the diffusion disc method.Results: the results showed that the average diameter of the inhibitory zones of chitosanagainst E. coli in a row with a concentration of 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8% is 14.22 mm, 11.94 mm, 9.18 mm, 11.19 mm, and 8.76 mm. Whereas the average diameter of the inhibitory zones of ciprofloxacin is 42.31 mm.Conclusion: Chitosanon small crab attaching shells with a concentration of the most effective in inhibiting the development of the bacteria E. coli is chitosanwith concentrations of 4% with the average drag zone amounting to 14,22 mm.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 04 October’18. Page : 217-219

Pemanfaatan Chitosan Dari Limbah Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) sebagai Adsorben Logam Timbal (Pb)

Utilization of Chitosan From Wastewater Shell (Portunus pelagicus) as Lead Metal Adsorbent (Pb) Chitosan is able to be one solution to reducing the pollution of heavy metals in waters, as capable of binding of heavy metal ions by utilizing the amine and hydroxyl groups on chitosan. This research aims to know the adsorption ability of chitosan against heavy metals lead (Pb). Chitosan is made from the waste of a small crab attaching shells were taken from the village of Betahwalang, Demak. The method used is the method with the demineralisasi using 1 N HCl for 1 hour, deproteinasi with 3.5% NaOH for 1 h, and deasetilasi using NaOH 50% for 2 hours. FTIR analysis of the results showed the degree of Deasetilasi Chitosan of 80.30% with 36.84% yield. Solution of Pb of Pb (CH3COO)2 at a concentration of 10 mg/L is used as pollutants, and the concentration of chitosan used in adsorption process i.e. 1, 2, 4, and 8%. Stirring on the process of adsorption using a magnetic stirrer with a speed of 200 rpm for 30 minutes. The metal content of Pb in the chitosan is then analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric). The results showed that chitosan obtained from shell small crab attaching has the potential as a bioadsorben metals Pb, the concentration of chitosan 1, 2, 4, 8% & each have an absorbance of 8.31; 35.62; 45.24 & 57.74%. Keywords: Chitosan, metals Pb, Adsorption, crab Shells AbstrakKitosan mampu menjadi salah satu solusi mengurangi pencemaran logam berat di perairan, karena mampu mengikat ion-ion logam berat dengan memanfaatkan gugus hidroksil dan amina yang terdapat pada chitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi chitosan terhadap logam berat Timbal (Pb). Chitosan dibuat dari limbah cangkang rajungan yang diambil dari desa Betahwalang, Demak. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kimia dengan demineralisasi menggunakan HCl 1 N selama 1 jam, deproteinasi dengan NaOH 3,5 % selama 1 jam, dan deasetilasi menggunakan NaOH 50 % selama 2 jam. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan Derajat Deasetilasi kitosan sebesar 80,30 % dengan rendemen 36,84 %. Larutan Pb dari Pb(CH3COO)2 pada konsentrasi 10 mg/L digunakan sebagai polutan, dan konsentrasi chitosan yang digunakan pada proses adsorpsi yaitu 1, 2, 4, dan 8 %. Pengadukan pada proses adsorpsi menggunakan magnetic stirrer dengan kecepatan 200 rpm selama 30 menit. Kandungan logam Pb yang ada di dalam chitosan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa chitosan yang didapatkan dari cangkang rajungan mempunyai potensi sebagai bioadsorben logam Pb, konsentrasi chitosan 1, 2, 4, & 8 % masing-masing memiliki daya serap sebesar 8,31; 35,62 ; 45,24 & 57,74 %. Kata Kunci : Chitosan, logam Pb, Adsorpsi, Cangkang Rajungan

STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PADA PROSES PENANGANAN RAJUNGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

Including one small crab fishery are generally perishable food (easily broken/ rotten), of course, after stripping the small crab is most likely present in the less well handling so the quality is less good. That requires proper quality control strategy to apply is by AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). As the respondents selected three people making decisions in the company of PT. Tonga Tiur Putra. From the results of analysis that the factors that affect the quality of small crab meat found in transportation, and appropriate alternative for small crab meat quality control by means of procurement and human resource training.