Measurement of frontal lobe volume on magnetic resonance imaging scans

Objective In a previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate (NSCLP) were found to have abnormalities in the structure of the frontal lobe of the brain. Moreover, many subjects with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate have been described as being socially inhibited. A subregion of the frontal lobe, the ventral frontal cortex (VFC), has been shown to be related to social function. This study was designed to evaluate the morphology of the ventral frontal cortex in men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate, and the morphology's relationship to social function. Methods Subjects were 46 men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate and 46 sex matched controls. Social function was assessed using a standardized scale. The morphology of the ventral frontal cortex (composed of the orbitofrontal cortex [OFC] and the straight gyrus [SG]) was obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans using the software BRAINS. Results After controlling for frontal lobe gray matter, the patient group had significant reductions in orbitofrontal cortex volume and area. The straight gyrus was not morphologically abnormal. Measures of orbitofrontal cortex morphology were significantly correlated to measures of social function—the greater the structural abnormality, the greater the social dysfunction. Conclusion Compared with healthy controls, subjects with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate showed morphologic abnormalities in the cortical surface anatomy of a brain region known to govern social function, the orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, the structural abnormality in this brain region was directly correlated with social function.

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An Unusual Case of Unilateral Papilledema

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine ◽

10.5811/cpcem.2019.8.43461 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 444-445

Author(s):

Daniel Quesada ◽

Matthew Stapleton ◽

Jadipak Heer ◽

Phillip Aguìñiga-Navarrete ◽

Luke Kim

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Physical Exam ◽

Fluid Density ◽

Resonance Imaging

Neuroretinitis from neurosyphilis is an uncommon finding in previously healthy young individuals. A 37-year-old presented with three days of painless, unilateral vision loss with an associated diffuse erythematous non-pruritic truncal rash. Physical exam demonstrated vision loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic exam showed unilateral peripapillary hemorrhage, papilledema and venous engorgement. Labs showed positive syphilis antibody qualitative. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated 12 millimeters of high right frontal lobe cerebrospinal fluid density. The patient was treated with benzylpenicillin and within 18 hours had improvement of his vision.

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A systematic review of brain frontal lobe parcellation techniques in magnetic resonance imaging

Brain Structure and Function ◽

10.1007/s00429-013-0527-5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 219 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Simon R. Cox ◽

Karen J. Ferguson ◽

Natalie A. Royle ◽

Susan D. Shenkin ◽

Sarah E. MacPherson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Resonance Imaging

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Alterations in Brain Activation During Working Memory Processing Associated With Breast Cancer and Treatment: A Prospective Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.38.5674 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (20) ◽

pp. 2500-2508 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

Brenna C. McDonald ◽

Susan K. Conroy ◽

Tim A. Ahles ◽

John D. West ◽

Andrew J. Saykin

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Working Memory ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Interaction

Purpose To prospectively examine alterations in working memory (WM) –associated brain activation related to breast cancer and treatment by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and Methods Patients treated with chemotherapy (CTx+; n = 16) or without chemotherapy (CTx−; n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 15) were scanned during an n-back task at baseline (after surgery but before radiation, chemotherapy, and/or antiestrogen treatment), 1 month after completion of chemotherapy (M1), and 1 year later (Y1), or at yoked intervals for CTx− and controls. SPM5 was used for all image analyses, which included cross-sectional between-group and group-by-time interaction and longitudinal within-group analyses, all using a statistical threshold of 0.001. Results At baseline, patients with cancer showed increased bifrontal and decreased left parietal activation compared with controls. At M1, both cancer groups showed decreased frontal hyperactivation compared with controls, with increased hyperactivation at Y1. These cross-sectional findings were confirmed by group-by-time interaction analyses, which showed frontal activation decreases from baseline to M1 in patients compared with controls. Within-group analyses showed different patterns of longitudinal activation change by treatment group (CTx+ or CTx−), with prominent alterations in the frontal lobes bilaterally. Conclusion Significant frontal lobe hyperactivation to support WM was found in patients with breast cancer. Superimposed on this background, patients showed decreased frontal activation at M1, with partial return to the previously abnormal baseline at Y1. These functional changes correspond to frontal lobe regions where we previously reported structural changes in this cohort and provide prospective, longitudinal data that further elucidate mechanisms underlying cognitive effects related to breast cancer and its treatment.

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Frontal Lobe Changes after Severe Diffuse Closed Head Injury in Children: A Volumetric Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-199604000-00049 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 851-851

Author(s):

Ora Tarnavsky ◽

Yoram Segev ◽

Irith Reider-Groswasser ◽

Alex K. Ommaya ◽

Andres M. Salazar

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Head Injury ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Closed Head ◽

Volumetric Study

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Magnetic resonance imaging-based compartmentation and its application to measuring metabolite concentrations in the frontal lobe

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine ◽

10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199905)41:5<883::aid-mrm5>3.0.co;2-b ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 883-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jonathan C.W. Brooks ◽

Neil Roberts ◽

Graham J. Kemp ◽

Peter A. Martin ◽

Graham H. Whitehouse

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Metabolite Concentrations

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Alterations in Functional Connectivity Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Relationship With Heart Rate Variability in Subjects After Performing Orgasmic Meditation: An Exploratory Study

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708973 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew B. Newberg ◽

Nancy A. Wintering ◽

Chloe Hriso ◽

Faezeh Vedaei ◽

Marie Stoner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Neutral Condition ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Meditation Practice ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging

Background: We measured changes in resting brain functional connectivity, with blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), associated with a creative meditation practice that is augmented by clitoral stimulation and is designed to not only achieve a spiritual experience but to help individuals manage their most intimate personal relationships. Briefly, the meditative state is attained by both the male and female participants while the male stimulates the woman’s clitoris. The goal of this practice, called orgasmic meditation (OM), according to the practitioners is not sexual, but to use the focus on clitoral stimulation to facilitate a meditative state of connectedness and calm alertness between the two participants.Methods: fMRI was acquired on 20 pairs of subjects shortly following one of two states that were randomized in their order – during the OM practice or during a neutral condition. The practice is performed while the female is lying down on pillows with the clitoris exposed. During the practice, the male performs digital stimulation of the clitoris for 15 min. Resting BOLD image acquisition was performed at completion of the practice to assess changes in functional connectivity associated with the performance of the practice.Results: The results demonstrated significant changes (p < 0.05) in functional connectivity associated with the OM compared to the neutral condition. For the entire group there was altered connectivity following the OM practice involving the left superior temporal lobe, the frontal lobe, anterior cingulate, and insula. In female subjects, there was altered connectivity involving the cerebellum, thalamus, inferior frontal lobe posterior parietal lobe, angular gyrus, amygdala and middle temporal gyrus, and prefrontal cortex. In males, functional connectivity changes involved the supramarginal gyrus, cerebellum, and orbitofrontal gyrus, cerebellum, parahippocampus, inferior temporal gyrus, and anterior cingulate.Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest a complex pattern of functional connectivity changes occurring in both members of the couple pair that result from this unique meditation practice. The changes represent a hybrid of functional connectivity findings with some similarities to meditation based practices and some with sexual stimulation and orgasm. This study has broader implications for understanding the dynamic relationship between sexuality and spirituality.

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