Ventral Frontal Cortex Morphology in Adult Males with Isolated Orofacial Clefts: Relationship to Abnormalities in Social Function

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peg Nopoulos ◽  
Ian Choe ◽  
Stephanie Berg ◽  
Duane Van Demark ◽  
John Canady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Objective In a previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate (NSCLP) were found to have abnormalities in the structure of the frontal lobe of the brain. Moreover, many subjects with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate have been described as being socially inhibited. A subregion of the frontal lobe, the ventral frontal cortex (VFC), has been shown to be related to social function. This study was designed to evaluate the morphology of the ventral frontal cortex in men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate, and the morphology's relationship to social function. Methods Subjects were 46 men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate and 46 sex matched controls. Social function was assessed using a standardized scale. The morphology of the ventral frontal cortex (composed of the orbitofrontal cortex [OFC] and the straight gyrus [SG]) was obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans using the software BRAINS. Results After controlling for frontal lobe gray matter, the patient group had significant reductions in orbitofrontal cortex volume and area. The straight gyrus was not morphologically abnormal. Measures of orbitofrontal cortex morphology were significantly correlated to measures of social function—the greater the structural abnormality, the greater the social dysfunction. Conclusion Compared with healthy controls, subjects with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate showed morphologic abnormalities in the cortical surface anatomy of a brain region known to govern social function, the orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, the structural abnormality in this brain region was directly correlated with social function.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Unilateral Papilledema

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Daniel Quesada ◽  
Matthew Stapleton ◽  
Jadipak Heer ◽  
Phillip Aguìñiga-Navarrete ◽  
Luke Kim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Neuroretinitis from neurosyphilis is an uncommon finding in previously healthy young individuals. A 37-year-old presented with three days of painless, unilateral vision loss with an associated diffuse erythematous non-pruritic truncal rash. Physical exam demonstrated vision loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic exam showed unilateral peripapillary hemorrhage, papilledema and venous engorgement. Labs showed positive syphilis antibody qualitative. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated 12 millimeters of high right frontal lobe cerebrospinal fluid density. The patient was treated with benzylpenicillin and within 18 hours had improvement of his vision.

Measurement of frontal lobe volume on magnetic resonance imaging scans

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Aylward ◽  
Ann Augustine ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Patrick E. Barta ◽  
Godfrey D. Pearlson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Oral Carriage of Streptococcus mutans Harboring the cnm Gene Relates to an Increased Incidence of Cerebral Microbleeds

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3632-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hosoki ◽  
Satoshi Saito ◽  
Shuichi Tonomura ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishiyama ◽  
Takeshi Yoshimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background and Purpose: Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are associated with stroke and cognitive impairment. We previously reported a high prevalence of CMB in people with Streptococcus mutans expressing Cnm, a collagen-binding protein in the oral cavity. S. mutans is a major pathogen responsible for dental caries. Repeated challenge with S. mutans harboring the cnm gene encoding Cnm induced cerebral bleeding in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. The purpose of this longitudinal study is to examine the relationship of cnm -positive S. mutans to the development of CMB. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients with stroke receiving oral microbiological examination and head 3T magnetic resonance imaging evaluations twice in the period 2014 to 2019, allowing >180-day interval. Patients with cnm -positive S. mutans were compared with those without. Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to explore associations between cnm -positive S. mutans and the increase in number of CMB between the 2 magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results: A total of 111 patients were identified; 21 (19%) with cnm -positive S. mutans and 90 (81%) without. Clinical history, including blood pressure and the use of antithrombotic agents, were comparable between the 2 groups. New CMB were more commonly observed in patients with cnm -positive S. mutans (52% versus 23%; P =0.008). The incidence of CMB was significantly higher in the group with cnm -positive S. mutans , especially in deep areas, (incidence rate ratios [95% CI], 5.1 [1.9–13.6] for CMB in any brain region; 15.0 [5.4–42.0] for deep CMB), which persisted after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, and renal impairment (4.7 [1.8–11.9] for CMB in any brain region; 13.9 [4.3–44.5] for deep CMB). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cnm -positive S. mutans is associated with an increased incidence of CMB. Treatment for cnm -positive S. mutans infection may be a novel microbiota-based therapeutic approach for stroke and cognitive impairment.

Comparison of Bioabsorbable Pins and Nails in the Fixation of Adult Osteochondritis Dissecans Fragments of the Knee

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1467-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Weckström ◽  
Mickael Parviainen ◽  
Martti J. Kiuru ◽  
Ville M. Mattila ◽  
Harri K. Pihlajamäki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Arthroscopic Fixation

Background The optimal device for the fixation of osteochondritis dissecans fragments of the knee remains controversial and lacks long-term results. Purpose To review a group of young adults with osteochondritis dissecans of the knee treated with arthroscopic fixation of the fragment using bioabsorbable pins and nails and to examine the medium-term outcome of the fixation via magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Twenty-eight patients (30 knees) with osteochondritis dissecans of the knee were treated with arthroscopic fixation using bioabsorbable, self-reinforced poly-L-lactide pins and nails. All patients were young adult males with closed physes. The average follow-up time was 5.4 years (range, 3-12). At follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging studies were used to evaluate subchondral bone healing, and the outcome was evaluated by the Kujala score. Results The functional results were excellent or good for 73% of the patients in the nail group versus 35% in the pin group. The lesions treated were large, with an average size of 447 mm2, affecting the weightbearing area in the majority of the patients. On magnetic resonance imaging, incomplete bone consolidation was predominant in the pin group. Conclusions Arthroscopic fixation with bioabsorbable nails seems to be a suitable method of repair for osteochondritis dissecans of the adult knee and appears to be superior to arthroscopic fixation with bioabsorbable pins.

scholarly journals A systematic review of brain frontal lobe parcellation techniques in magnetic resonance imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Karen J. Ferguson ◽  
Natalie A. Royle ◽  
Susan D. Shenkin ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Alterations in Brain Activation During Working Memory Processing Associated With Breast Cancer and Treatment: A Prospective Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 2500-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna C. McDonald ◽  
Susan K. Conroy ◽  
Tim A. Ahles ◽  
John D. West ◽  
Andrew J. Saykin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Interaction

Purpose To prospectively examine alterations in working memory (WM) –associated brain activation related to breast cancer and treatment by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and Methods Patients treated with chemotherapy (CTx+; n = 16) or without chemotherapy (CTx−; n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 15) were scanned during an n-back task at baseline (after surgery but before radiation, chemotherapy, and/or antiestrogen treatment), 1 month after completion of chemotherapy (M1), and 1 year later (Y1), or at yoked intervals for CTx− and controls. SPM5 was used for all image analyses, which included cross-sectional between-group and group-by-time interaction and longitudinal within-group analyses, all using a statistical threshold of 0.001. Results At baseline, patients with cancer showed increased bifrontal and decreased left parietal activation compared with controls. At M1, both cancer groups showed decreased frontal hyperactivation compared with controls, with increased hyperactivation at Y1. These cross-sectional findings were confirmed by group-by-time interaction analyses, which showed frontal activation decreases from baseline to M1 in patients compared with controls. Within-group analyses showed different patterns of longitudinal activation change by treatment group (CTx+ or CTx−), with prominent alterations in the frontal lobes bilaterally. Conclusion Significant frontal lobe hyperactivation to support WM was found in patients with breast cancer. Superimposed on this background, patients showed decreased frontal activation at M1, with partial return to the previously abnormal baseline at Y1. These functional changes correspond to frontal lobe regions where we previously reported structural changes in this cohort and provide prospective, longitudinal data that further elucidate mechanisms underlying cognitive effects related to breast cancer and its treatment.

scholarly journals Superselective Intracerebral Catheterization of a Branch of the Internal Carotid Artery Coupled with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pryor ◽  
H. D'Arceuil ◽  
M. Phil ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
J. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Fluoroscopic Guidance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
The Brain

We used fluoroscopic guidance and over-the-wire techniques to superselectively place a microcatheter into a branch of the MCA of three macaques and MRI bolus tracking techniques to measure perfusion within the selected brain region. Such techniques are likely to be useful in the assessment and treatment of ischemic infarction, cerebral vasospasm, and monitoring local delivery of drugs into the brain.

scholarly journals Frontal Lobe Changes after Severe Diffuse Closed Head Injury in Children: A Volumetric Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Neurosurgery ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-851
Author(s):  
Ora Tarnavsky ◽  
Yoram Segev ◽  
Irith Reider-Groswasser ◽  
Alex K. Ommaya ◽  
Andres M. Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Volumetric Study
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