An assessment of the temporal variations of soil properties under cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and fallow towards increasing cocoa production in Nigeria

INTISARITanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao, L.) atau yang biasa disebut coklat merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang tumbuh di lahan kering. Tanaman kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan nasional yang berperan penting bagi pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, dalam budidayanya petani kakao seringkali menghadapi masalah yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hasil produksi kakao. Karena permasalahan inilah yang membuat peneliti ingin membuat suatu sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat membantu petani dan suplayer terutama CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa untuk menentukan kualitas biji kakao. Sistem yang dirancang menggunakan metode Weighted Product (WP) merupakan metode penyelesaian dengan menggunakan perkalian untuk menghubungkan nilai atribut, dimana nilai harus dipangkatkan terlebih dahulu dengan bobot atribut yang bersangkutan. Dengan adanya sistem penunjang keputusan ini mampu membantu masyarakat untuk menentukan kualitas biji kakao dan di harapkan sistem pendukung keputusan menggunakan metode Weighted Product dalam proses menentukan kualitas pada biji kakao tersebut dapat menyelesaikan masalah pada CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa, petani dan pengepul kakao dalam menentukan kualitas biji kakao yang baik Kata Kunci : Sistem Penunjang Keputusan, Weighted Product (WP), Biji Kakao ABSTRACTCacao (Theobroma cacao, L.) or commonly called cocoa is an estate crop that grows on dry land. Cacao is one of the leading national commodities that plays an important role in Indonesia's economic growth. However, in the cultivation of cocoa farmers often face problems that can cause a decrease in the quality of cocoa production. Because of this problem that makes researchers want to create a decision support system that can help farmers and suppliers, especially CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa to determine the quality of cocoa beans. The system is designed using the Weighted Product (WP) method is a method of settlement using multiplication to connect the attribute value, where the value must be raised first with the weight of the attribute in question. With this decision support system able to help the community to determine the quality of good cocoa beans and expected with the decision support system using the Weighted Product method in the process of determining the quality of the cocoa beans can solve the problem in the CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa, cocoa farmers and collectors in determining the quality of good cocoa beans. Keywords : Decision Support System, Weighted Product (WP), Cacao Beans

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Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi on Cocoa Plant (Theobroma cacao L.) and Antagonist Activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1009.049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 419-430

Author(s):

Zaedar A. Rosmana ◽

T. Kuswinanti Nasaruddin

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Cocoa Production ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Central Sulawesi ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Anthracnose disease which is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungi becomes a resistor factor in cocoa production. Infect on young leaves creates leaf blight, consequently those leaves can die completely or only several parts starting from leaf blade and then fall, but infection at mature leaves spots appear in random border form and leave hole in the same location. Branches with infected leaves will experience die back and look like a broom, in the other side, infection at young fruit turns fruit to be dried and wrinkled while at mature fruits showed dried and rotten tips. This research is aimed at finding potential endophytic fungi from cocoa plant that can resist the growth of pathogenic fungi, C. gloeosporioides which cause anthracnose on cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L). Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi on cocoa plant from Banggai district in Central Sulawesi results showed 10 isolates of endopphytic fungi: 2 isolates from leaves organ isolation; 4 isolates from stem; and 4 isolates from fruit pod. They both identified morphologically and macroscopically and found to have similarity to Trichoderma sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergilus sp that has resistance capability against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colony through antagonist mechanism marked by the presence of resistance zone. Trichodermasp demonstrated the highest percentage at isolate G in 56,92%.

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Relation between hot-water-soluble boron and uptake of boron by cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nigeria

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600061918 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 195-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. O. Chude

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hot Water ◽

Direct Relation ◽

Deficiency Symptoms ◽

Nigerian Soils ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Boron (B) nutrition problems of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nigeria deserve continuous attention in view of the fact that more cocoa-growing areas showing B deficiency are being brought to light. Omotoso (1975) examined plant tissue B and B extractable by hot water in relation to the appearance of B deficiency symptoms on cacao leaves and found that B deficiency symptoms had no direct relation to hot-water-soluble (HWS) B in the Nigerian soils studied. Omotoso (1975) then suggested further investigations to identify soil properties that can improve the capacity of HWS B to predict cacao uptake of B.

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Fermented Cocoa Beans (Theobroma cacao L) in Southeast Aceh District

Altifani: International Journal of Community Engagement ◽

10.32502/altifani.v2i1.3795 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Syariani Tambunan ◽

Nico Syahputra Sebayang ◽

Desi Sri Pasca Sari

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

International Markets ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Exchange Value ◽

Cocoa Products ◽

Cocoa Production ◽

Cocoa Farmers ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

One of the productions of the agricultural industry that has a fairly high foreign exchange value for our country is cocoa, but our cocoa production is still of low quality. To get good quality cocoa, good processing must be done. Fermentation of cocoa beans is one way to improve the quality of cocoa so that it can be sold in national and international markets. The purpose of this activity is to help cocoa farmers, especially in Southeast Aceh district, in improving the quality of cocoa production, so that the cocoa products of Southeast Aceh farmers can compete in trade both locally and abroad. The implementation of this activity is carried out through training to improve the quality of cocoa. There are several activities, namely: Sorting Cocoa, peeling cocoa pods, fermenting cocoa pods for 5 days and the last step is drying until the moisture content of cocoa pods reaches 7%. The result of this activity is to increase the knowledge of cocoa farmers in Southeast Aceh Regency in order to improve the quality of cocoa beans, so that cocoa sales can be accepted and compete in the market.

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Characterization of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Farming Systems in the Norte de Santander Department and Assessment Their Sustainability

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v67n1.42635 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 7177-7187 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jesús Arturo Ramírez Sulvarán ◽

Alina Katil Sigarroa Rieche ◽

Rómulo Alberto Del Valle Vargas

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Production Systems ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Low Incomes ◽

Cocoa Production ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

The cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) based economy has been considered a valid alternative to support sustainable development in northeastern Colombia. However, there is a lack of information about the cocoa production systems in the region which is needed for the implementation of effective plans to improve their performance and sustainability. Four of the main cocoa producing municipalities in the Norte de Santander department were considered for this study: Teorama, Bucarasica, Cúcuta and San Calixto. These entities were selected due to their adequate security conditions, availability of field assistants and departmental representativeness in cocoa production. The objective was to obtain basic information for local, specific and participatory actions for the sustainability of the cocoa production systems and to improve the living conditions of farmers. The methodology used was based on the farming system approach, considering the socioeconomic, technological and agro-ecological components, and their relationships, and evaluating them according to the principles of sustainable agriculture. The phases covered were: (1) analysis of secondary data, (2) formulation and evaluation of sustainability indicators, (3) design, implementation and analysis of survey data and (4) validation by the farmers of the obtained information and the prioritization of problems. The results indicate that there is only one cocoa production system of a family-mercantile type, with low technology. Most farmers have low incomes and basic needs such as health, education and public services are not met. They do not employ the agronomic and post-harvest practices recommended by specialists. The water and soil resources are being degraded. In general, the farming system leans towards unsustainability and it is vital that integrative actions be taken to change this situation.

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Morphological variability and taxonomic affinity of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Current Botany ◽

10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5986 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

Rarastyan Arum Widaysary ◽

Ratna Susandarini

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Taxonomic Affinity ◽

Cocoa Production ◽

Central Sulawesi ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most important export commodities of Indonesia, with Sulawesi becomes the largest cocoa production centers in Indonesia. Since the majority cocoa production comes from Sulawesi Island, there is high diversity of cocoa clones cultivated in this area. The objective of this study was to explore morphological variability and to assess taxonomic affinity of cocoa clones cultivated by smallholder farmers in four districts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nineteen cocoa clones from the districts of Sigibiromaru, Palolo, South Parigi and Sausu were used in this study. Fourteen morphological characters of leaves, fruits, and beans were examined. Cluster analysis were done to determine taxonomic affinity between the clones. Results of this study indicated that there was high morphological variability, mainly in fruit or pod characters. Cluster analysis on 14 morphological characters resulted in the grouping of the clones into two main clusters. The grouping of cocoa clones did not correspond to the geographical origin of samples. It is concluded that taxonomic affinity was determined by similarities of morphology, especially fruit and bean characters.

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Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v0i0.1371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽

Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽

Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽

Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽

Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

San Jose ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Las Casas ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo. No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

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