Design of risk index maps as a tool to prevent forest fires in the northern coast of Galicia (N.W. Spain)

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisardo Núñez-Regueira ◽  
J.A.Rodríguez Añón ◽  
J.Proupín Castiñeiras
2000 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Núñez-Regueira ◽  
J. Proupı́n-Castiñeiras ◽  
J.A. Rodrı́guez-Añón
Keyword(s):  
Nw Spain ◽  
The Hill ◽  

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisardo Núñez-Regueira ◽  
J.A Rodrı́guez Añón ◽  
J Proupı́n Castiñeiras
Keyword(s):  

2000 ◽  
Vol 349 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Núñez-Regueira ◽  
J.A. Rodrı́guez-Añón ◽  
J. Proupı́n-Castiñeiras
Keyword(s):  
Nw Spain ◽  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8213
Author(s):  
Yoojin Kang ◽  
Eunna Jang ◽  
Jungho Im ◽  
Chungeun Kwon ◽  
Sungyong Kim

Forest fires can cause enormous damage, such as deforestation and environmental pollution, even with a single occurrence. It takes a lot of effort and long time to restore areas damaged by wildfires. Therefore, it is crucial to know the forest fire risk of a region to appropriately prepare and respond to such disastrous events. The purpose of this study is to develop an hourly forest fire risk index (HFRI) with 1 km spatial resolution using accessibility, fuel, time, and weather factors based on Catboost machine learning over South Korea. HFRI was calculated through an ensemble model that combined an integrated model using all factors and a meteorological model using weather factors only. To confirm the generalized performance of the proposed model, all forest fires that occurred from 2014 to 2019 were validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values through one-year-out cross-validation. The AUC value of HFRI ensemble model was 0.8434, higher than the meteorological model. HFRI was compared with the modified version of Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) used in the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating Systems and Daily Weather Index (DWI), South Korea’s current forest fire risk index. When compared to DWI and the revised FFMC, HFRI enabled a more spatially detailed and seasonally stable forest fire risk simulation. In addition, the feature contribution to the forest fire risk prediction was analyzed through the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value of Catboost. The contributing variables were in the order of relative humidity, elevation, road density, and population density. It was confirmed that the accessibility factors played very important roles in forest fire risk modeling where most forest fires were caused by anthropogenic factors. The interaction between the variables was also examined.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Novianti Luluk Mahbubah ◽  
Mochamad Faizal Rizki ◽  
Haura Atthahara

The high disaster risk index in Nganjuk District shows the magnitude of potential casualties and the impact of the emergence of disasters that have occurred. That is because Nganjuk Regency is one area that has a high potential for catastrophic threats with low land and mountain topography, causing several disasters such as floods, landslides, land and forest fires, drought and strong winds / whirlwinds plus still low public knowledge in disaster management. Therefore the Regional Government through the Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Nganjuk District is implementing the Desa Tangguh Bencana (Destana) program in disaster-prone villages in Nganjuk Regency. Where the Destana program is a community development activity to reduce the risk of existing disasters so that the community is expected to be resilient in the face of disasters. In research using qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used were field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the Destana program established by the BPBD Nganjuk District by developing disaster-prone communities has been able to reduce the risk of existing disasters by forming resilient and independent communities in the face of disasters.


Author(s):  
T. Bibi ◽  
F. Nawaz ◽  
A. Abdul Rahman ◽  
K. Azahari Razak ◽  
A. Latif

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Pakistan is prone to natural hazards including floods, in particular, affecting millions of people each year across the country. Patterns from recent years suggest the intensity of flooding are increasing and may continue more aggressively during the coming years because of increased magnitude of the monsoon rains and identified climatic changes in the region. Mapping of flood hazard is essential for planning and mitigation purpose. However, only flood hazard mapping is not sufficient to assess the magnitude of risk to lives and property. Risk mapping is an integral part of pre and post disaster management. Furthermore, the Earth Observation (EO) data could be helpful to update flood risk maps time to time by covering many aspects e.g. population concentration areas, critical infrastructure and commercial areas, to enhance the preparedness planning and mitigation measure against risk of flood. Pakistan has experienced the devastating flood in 2010 due to unexpected heavy rainfall in the monsoon season with enormous losses to property lives and infrastructure in several districts. The Union council Agra, District Charsadda was among the affected most districts by riverine and flash floods. Additionally, growing population in flood plains is another threat to the district. However, to cope with this situation there is immense need to detect risk index to prevent further damages caused by such floods. This study aims to prepare the hazard, vulnerability and risk index for River Kabul and Swat catchment area of union council Agra, Charsadda. the flood risk was identified, and risk index maps were prepared by executing a methodology for assessing risk, based on the physical exposure of the flood hazard, vulnerability of people, and the exposure of critical assets to flood water. Explicitly, spatial flood risk index maps were produced with the help of analytical spatial modeling by considering the areas exposed to flood hazard, morphological characteristics and socio-economic indicators. The produced flood risk maps were verified through visual examination through 3D city flood maps. Results illustrate that the areas of higher flood risk overlapped with the areas of high flood hazard along with high population density and socio-economic exposure to vulnerability.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Selcukhan ◽  
Abdullah Ekinci

Abstract This study proposes an improved and precise liquefaction risk index for the evaluation and translation of outcomes into maps to establish susceptible liquefiable areas. Cyprus is the third largest and populated island in the Mediterranean Sea, which is rapidly expanding in every way. Significant infrastructures, such as hotels, educational institutions, and large residential complexes are being built. Historically, two major earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.5 Mw struck the island in 1953 and 1996. Potential liquefaction areas have been detected on the island's east coast as a result of these significant earthquakes. In this case study, the liquefaction potential of Tuzla and Long Beach in the northern part of Cyprus is estimated using the standard penetration test (SPT) data from more than 200 boreholes at different locations at the sites. The overall results are presented in a liquefaction risk index obtained from the factor of safety (FS) coefficient. It is clear that both study areas are susceptible to liquefaction. Thus, risk index maps are prepared to identify susceptible liquefiable areas. In addition, the average factor of the safety line was introduced for both sites to create a correlation between the liquefaction risk area and FS values of every borehole. It is clear that the adopted approach precisely provides the suspected depth of the liquefiable soil layer when compared with the risk index maps. Additionally, the results prove that the liquefaction potential must be considered during the design stage of new infrastructure in these areas.


Author(s):  
Ledyawati ◽  
Fitri Yuliani

AbstractIndonesia is a country prone to disasters due to its geographical location and geological conditions. Apart from the geographical and geological factors, Indonesia is a country that is around the equator and is an archipelago. This causes hydrologically, Indonesia is prone to flooding, landslides, extreme weather, extreme waves, drought, forest fires and abrasion. The negative impact of this global climate change has made Indonesia vulnerable to various disasters due to global climate change. Various disasters that occurred in Indonesia caused macro losses for our country. Bengkulu, is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has a considerable risk of disaster. The city of Bengkulu is located near the Sunda tectonic subduction zone and has humid and dry weather. The city of Bengkulu is particularly vulnerable to earthquakes, tsunamis and floods. Climate change can exacerbate forest fires, floods, extreme weather and droughts. Based on data from BNPB in 2013 the City of Bengkulu had a disaster risk index with a value of 170 (high) and was ranked 168th out of 496 districts / cities that were assessed. The biggest threat to this city is the earthquake and tsunami. This research is a qualitative study with a case study approach in the city of Bengkulu. Analysis of the study using the analysis of Milles and Huberman. The research data is obtained by in-depth interviews, then the data obtained are identified and classified from various written, oral, and visual information to answer research problems. Furthermore, the source triangulation technique and recheck informants were carried out. The results of his research show that all components of society need to have an understanding and resilience to disasters, especially for people who live on the coast of Bengkulu city. The strategy is to provide understanding about disasters. This understanding is given to the community through the education process by providing counseling to the coastal communities of the city of Bengkulu.   Indonesia adalah negara yang rawan terhadap bencana karena letak geografisnya dan kondisi geologisnya. Selain karena faktor geografis dan geologis tersebut, Indonesia adalah negara yang berada di sekitar garis khatulistiwa dan berbentuk kepulauan. Hal ini menyebabkan secara hidrologi, Indonesia rawan terhadap banjir, tanah lonsor, cuaca ekstrem, gelombang ekstrem, kekeringan, kebakaran hutan dan abrasi. Dampak negarif dari perubahan iklim global ini menyebabkan Indonesia rentan terhadap berbagai bencana akibat perubahan iklim global. Berbagai kejadian bencana yang terjadi di Indonesia menimbulkan kerugian makro bagi negara kita. Bengkulu, adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki resiko terhadap bencana yang cukup besar. Kota Bengkulu terletak di dekat zona subduksi tektonik Sunda dan memiliki cuaca yang lembab dan kering. Kota Bengkulu rentan khususnya terhadap gempa bumi, tsunami dan banjir. Perubahan iklim dapat memperparah terjadinya kebakaran hutan, banjir, cuaca ekstrim dan kekeringan. Berdasar data dari BNPB tahun 2013 Kota Bengkulu memiliki indeks risiko bencana dengan nilai 170 (tinggi) dan berada di peringkat ke-168 dari 496 kabupaten/kota yang dilakukan penilaian. Ancaman terbesar Kota ini adalah gempa bumi dan tsunami. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus di kota Bengkulu. Analisis penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis Milles dan Huberman. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara interview mendalam, kemudian data yang didapat diidentifikasi dan diklasifikasikan dari berbagai informasi tertulis, lisan, dan visual untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Selanjutnya dilakukan teknik triangulasi sumber dan recheck informan. Hasil penelitiannya di dapat bahwa semua komponen masyarakat perlu memiliki pemahaman dan ketahanan terhadap bencana, khususnya bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di pesisir pantai kota Bengkulu. Hal yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan pemahaman mengenai bencana.Pemahaman ini diberikan kepada masyarakat melalui proses pendidikan dengan memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat pesisir pantai kota Bengkulu.


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