Racial and gender differences in the transition to adulthood: a longitudinal study of Philadelphia youth

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 435-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Kmec ◽  
Frank F. Fustenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence victimisation in early adulthood: psychometric properties of a new measure and gender differences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa R Yakubovich ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Gene Feder ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
David K Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of a novel, brief measure of physical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and estimate the overall prevalence of and gender differences in this violence.DesignData are from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a birth-cohort study.SettingAvon, UK.Participants2128 women and 1145 men who completed the questionnaire assessment at age 21.Outcome measuresParticipants responded to eight items on physical, psychological and sexual IPV victimisation at age 21. Participants indicated whether the violence occurred before age 18 and/or after and led to any of eight negative impacts (eg, fear). We estimated the prevalence of IPV and tested for gender differences using χ2or t-tests. We evaluated the IPV victimisation measure based on internal consistency (alpha coefficient), dimensionality (exploratory factor analysis) and convergent validity with negative impacts.ResultsOverall, 37% of participants reported experiencing any IPV and 29% experienced any IPV after age 18. Women experienced more frequent IPV, more acts of IPV and more negative impacts than men (p<0.001 for all comparisons). The IPV measure showed high internal consistency (α=0.95), strong evidence for unidimensionality and was highly correlated with negative impacts (r=0.579, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IPV victimisation in the ALSPAC cohort was considerable for both women and men. The strong and consistent gender differences in the frequency and severity of IPV suggest clinically meaningful differences in experiences of this violence. The ALSPAC measure for IPV victimisation was valid and reliable, indicating its suitability for further aetiological investigations.

Urban/rural and gender differences among Canadian emerging adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charissa S.L. Cheah ◽  
Krista M. Trinder ◽  
Tara N. Gokavi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Role Transition ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Although cultural and subcultural differences during the transition to adulthood have been examined, important factors like rural/urban upbringing and gender differences among Canadian emerging adults have been neglected. The present study explored developmentally significant tasks including criteria for adulthood, beliefs about religiosity, and risk-taking behaviors among 287 male and female Canadian emerging adults from rural and urban backgrounds. Results revealed that compared to their urban counterparts, rural emerging adults were more likely to place importance on role and biological transitions as criteria for achieving adulthood, and engaged in more risk-taking behaviors (excluding smoking). Female emerging adults were more likely to believe in the importance of role transition, norm compliance, and family capacities compared to males, and were more likely to smoke. In contrast, males were more likely than females to espouse the importance of biological transitions and engage in non-smoking risk behaviors. These findings were interpreted in light of sociocultural and gender socialization differences among emerging adults from rural and urban upbringings.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of chronic cough among adults from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Ageing (CLSA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 00160-2021
Author(s):  
Imran Satia ◽  
Alexandra J. Mayhew ◽  
Nazmul Sohel ◽  
Om Kurmi ◽  
Kieran J. Killian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cardio Vascular

The global prevalence of chronic cough(CC) is highly variable ranging from 2–18%. There is a lack of data on the prevalence and incidence of CC from the general population. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of CC in a sample of Canadian adults, and how these influenced by age, sex, smoking, respiratory symptoms, medical co-morbidities, and lung function.Participants with chronic cough were identified from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Ageing (CLSA) based on a self-reported daily cough in the last 12 months. This is a prospective, nationally generalisable, stratified random sample of adults aged 45–85 at baseline recruited between 2011–2015, and followed-up 3 years later. The prevalence and incidence per-100-person-years are described, with adjustments for age, sex and smoking.Of the 30 097 participants, 29 972 completed the CC question at baseline and 26 701 at follow-up. The prevalence of CC was 15.8% at baseline and 17.6% at follow-up with 10.4%–17.1% variation across 7 provinces included in the CLSA comprehensive sample. Prevalence increased with age, current smoking, and was higher in males(15.2%), Caucasians(14%), and those born in North America, Europe or Oceania(14%). The incidence of CC adjusted for age, sex and smoking was higher in males, underweight and obese. Respiratory symptoms, airways diseases, lower FEV1%predicted, cardio-vascular diseases, psychological disorders, diabetes and chronic pain had a higher incidence of CC.The prevalence and incidence of CC is high in the CLSA sample with geographic, ethnic and gender differences which is influence by a number of medical co-morbidities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document