scholarly journals Autonomous underwater vehicles: future platforms for fisheries acoustics

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G Fernandes ◽  
Pete Stevenson ◽  
Andrew S Brierley ◽  
Frederick Armstrong ◽  
E.John Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The North ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Fisheries Acoustics ◽  
Scientific Facts

Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are unmanned submersibles that can be pre-programmed to navigate in three dimensions under water. The technological advances required for reliable deployment, mission control, performance, and recovery of AUVs have developed considerably over the past 10 years. Currently, there are several vehicles operating successfully in the offshore industries as well as in the applied and academic oceanographic sciences. This article reviews the application of AUVs to fisheries- and plankton-acoustics research. Specifications of the main AUVs currently in operation are given. Compared to traditional platforms for acoustic instruments, AUVs can sample previously impenetrable environments such as the sea surface, the deep sea, and under-sea ice. Furthermore, AUVs are typically small, quiet, and have the potential to operate at low cost and be unconstrained by the vagaries of weather. Examples of how these traits may be utilized in fisheries-acoustics science are given with reference to previous work in the North Sea and Southern Ocean and to potential future applications. Concurrent advances in multi-beam sonar technology and species identification, using multi-frequency and broadband sonars, will further enhance the utility of AUVs for fisheries acoustics. However, before many of the more prospective applications can be accomplished, advances in power-source technology are required to increase the range of operation. The paper ends by considering developments that may turn AUVs from objects sometimes perceived as science fiction into instruments used routinely to gather scientific facts.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Electromagnetic Docking Guidance System for Micro Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilin Peng ◽  
Jingbiao Liu ◽  
Junhao Wu ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Benkun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Search Coil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Subsystem

As important observational platforms for the Smart Ocean concept, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that perform long-term observation in fleets are beneficial because they provide large-scale sampling data with a sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Therefore, a large number of low-cost micro AUVs with docking capability for power recharge and data transmission are essential. This study designed a low-cost electromagnetic docking guidance (EMDG) system for micro AUVs. The EMDG system is composed of a transmitter coil located on the dock and a three-axial search coil magnetometer acting as a receiver. The search coil magnetometer was optimized for small sizes while maintaining sufficient sensitivity. The signal conditioning and processing subsystem was designed to calculate the deflection angle (β) for docking guidance. Underwater docking tests showed that the system can detect the electromagnetic signal and successfully guide AUV docking. The AUV can still perform docking in extreme positions, which cannot be realized through normal optical or acoustic guidance. This study is the first to focus on the EM guidance system for low-cost micro AUVs. The search coil sensor in the AUV is inexpensive and compact so that the system can be equipped on a wide range of AUVs.

scholarly journals Inaccuracies in routinely collected Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) maturity data and correction using a gonadosomatic index model

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 1477-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay R. McPherson ◽  
Konstantinos Ganias ◽  
C. Tara Marshall
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Index Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
The North Sea

Macroscopic maturity staging data are widely used to distinguish between reproductive and non-reproductive individuals. The implicit assumption is that these data are accurate. The accuracy of macroscopic maturity staging of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus) has not been checked since the macroscopic scale was produced in 1961. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of macroscopic maturity staging of female North Sea herring by comparison to histological staging and the gonadosomatic index (GSI). Ovary samples were collected during the North Sea Herring Acoustic Survey in 2006 on-board FRV ‘Scotia’ (Scotland) and in 2007 on-board FRV ‘Scotia’ and RV ‘Johan Hjort’ (Norway). Commercial samples were also collected by Marine Scotland, Aberdeen in both years. The maturity staging error was relatively low in 2006 (21% error) but was much higher on-board FRV ‘Scotia’ (57%) and RV ‘Johan Hjort’ (47%) in 2007. There was estimated to be a 27% under-estimation of the spawning stock biomass (SSB) in 2007 due to the differences in the proportion mature but no change in SSB estimates in 2006. GSI cut-off scores, estimated by means of multinomial regression models were successfully able to separate immature females from both mature-active and recovering females; however, there was some overlap between the mature-active and recovering individuals. We conclude that an effective and low-cost means of reducing error in herring maturity studies is the combined use of a four-point macroscopic maturity scale with routinely collected GSI data, the latter acting to validate and fine tune macroscopic staging.

Modelling the Motion of a 2-Arm ROV

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius R. Saure ◽  
Sondre H. Iversen ◽  
Andreas B. Snekkevik ◽  
Rose Gebhardt ◽  
Zhiyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Moving Frame ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Software Implementations ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Moving Frame Method ◽  
Fluid Interaction

Abstract Norway conducts operations on a variety of structures in the North Sea; e.g. oilrigs, monopole windmills, subsea trees. These structures often require subsea installation, observation, and maintenance. A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) can assist in these operations. Automation of intended motion is the desired goal. This paper researches the motion of an ROV induced by the motion of the robotic manipulators, motor torques, and added mass of fluid. This project builds upon a previous project that had one robotic arm; this time, there are two, but the method is unchanged. Furthermore, this work explores both the patterns in addressing such challenges, and an improved integration scheme. This research uses the Moving Frame Method (MFM) to carry out this project. In fact, this paper demonstrates the ease with which the MFM is extensible. Notable is that this work represents an international collaboration between an engineering school in Norway and one in the US. This work invites further research into improved numerical methods, solid/fluid interaction and the design of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). AUVs beckon an era of Artificial Intelligence when machines think, communicate and learn. Rapidly deployable software implementations will be essential to this task.

UKCS exploration: 50 years and counting

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierrick Rouillard ◽  
Graeme Bagley ◽  
David Moseley ◽  
Keith Myers ◽  
Alyson Harding
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Cost Development ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Exploration Drilling ◽  
The Uk

AbstractExploration drilling activity, discovery history and creaming curves in the offshore UK are analysed for each UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) basin and each play in the North Sea from the earliest wells drilled in 1965 until the end of 2017. Around 52 Bboe of commercially recoverable oil and gas has been discovered, with around half of this volume found in the first 10 years of exploration.UKCS exploration plays are generally at a mature or super-mature stage and the exploration challenges reflect this. Although technical success rates have steadily increased since the 1990s, pool sizes are becoming smaller. In the last 10 years the average commercial discovery size has been 27 MMboe recoverable, and since 2010 only 10% of discoveries have been bigger than 43 MMboe recoverable. The UK Oil and Gas Authority's 6 Bboe mid-case yet-to-find estimate, as published in 2018, would take 40 years to unlock at the current rate of discovery.Future exploration in the mature UKCS is intertwined with prolonging the life of production infrastructure and is increasingly dependent on the development of new low-cost development concepts. Increased focus on the search for subtle traps, and more reliable pre-drill risk and volume estimation through improved benchmarking and calibration will be key to future exploration success.

Low-Cost, Man-Portable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Rapid Environmental Assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Laszlo Incze
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Development And Validation

The requirements to rapidly characterize environmental conditions in dynamic near-shore waters have greatly outpaced the developing inventory of traditional resources to conduct this sampling. Research vessels, remote sensors, and networked in situ sensing platforms (fixed and drifting) are often limited in availability, capability, and/or adaptability, with the result that surveys can not be rapidly conducted in areas of immediate concern to communities, industry, and military defense. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been evolving over the past decade, with the ability to provide rapid environmental assessment as one of the primary objectives. However, the trade-off of cost and capability limited early designs and prohibited broad and effective utilization of these platforms for environmental data-collection missions. AUVs capable of sustained performance for sampling dynamic parameters in areas of high spatial and temporal variability were too costly, both in terms of procurement and operation, and lower cost AUVs did not have sufficient performance for operating in these challenging near-shore conditions. The development of low-cost, lightweight vehicles for these missions has only recently occurred, enabling responsive, multi-platform surveys to capture synoptic characterizations of near-shore waters with sufficient resolution to support data-centric 3-D models and provide baseline data sets for development and validation of physics-based forecasting models. Recent survey operations with one candidate class of AUVs developed by OceanServer Technology, Inc. reveal the hardware/software status of state-of-the-art designs and provide a basis for developing survey strategies essential to effective mission planning.

A low-cost decision support network for electrocardiograph transmission from oil rigs in the North Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn Webster ◽  
Susan Fraser ◽  
Fiona Mair ◽  
James Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Support Network ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

THE INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLICATIONS OF THE ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IN EUROPE UNTIL 2050 — LESSONS FROM THE EMF28 MODELING EXERCISE

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 1340006 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANZISKA HOLZ ◽  
CHRISTIAN VON HIRSCHHAUSEN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

This paper summarizes the approaches to and the implications of bottom–up infrastructure modeling in the framework of the EMF28 model comparison "Europe 2050: The Effects of Technology Choices on EU Climate Policy". It includes models covering all the sectors currently under scrutiny by the European Infrastructure Priorities: Electricity, natural gas, and CO 2. Results suggest that some infrastructure enhancement is required to achieve the decarbonization, and that the network development needs can be attained in a reasonable timeframe. In the electricity sector, additional cross-border interconnection is required, but generation and the development of low-cost renewables is a more challenging task. For natural gas, the falling total consumption could be satisfied by the current infrastructure in place, and even in a high-gas scenario the infrastructure implications remain manageable. Model results on the future role of Carbon Capture, Transport, and Sequestration (CCTS) vary, and suggest that most of the transportation infrastructure might be required in and around the North Sea.

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