scholarly journals Locked nucleic acid (LNA): fine-tuning the recognition of DNA and RNA

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwaine A Braasch ◽  
David R Corey
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dna And Rna

scholarly journals Oligonucleotide-based systems: DNA, microRNAs, DNA/RNA aptamers

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Jolly ◽  
Pedro Estrela ◽  
Michael Ladomery
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Oligonucleotides ◽  
Shed Light

There are an increasing number of applications that have been developed for oligonucleotide-based biosensing systems in genetics and biomedicine. Oligonucleotide-based biosensors are those where the probe to capture the analyte is a strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) or a synthetic analogue of naturally occurring nucleic acids. This review will shed light on various types of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA (particularly microRNAs), their role and their application in biosensing. It will also cover DNA/RNA aptamers, which can be used as bioreceptors for a wide range of targets such as proteins, small molecules, bacteria and even cells. It will also highlight how the invention of synthetic oligonucleotides such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or locked nucleic acid (LNA) has pushed the limits of molecular biology and biosensor development to new perspectives. These technologies are very promising albeit still in need of development in order to bridge the gap between the laboratory-based status and the reality of biomedical applications.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characterization of Duplex Formation between 2′-O, 4′-C-Methylene-modified Oligoribonucleotides, DNA and RNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Complementary Dna ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Reaction Thermodynamics ◽  
Duplex Formation

2′-O,4′-C-methylene-linked ribonucleotide derivatives, named LNA (locked nucleic acid) and BNA (bridged nucleic acid) are nucleic acid analogoues that have shown high-affinity recognition of DNA and RNA, and the employment of LNA oligomers for antisense activity, gene regulation and nucleic acid diagnostics seems promising. Here we show kinetic and thermodynamic results on the interaction of a series of 10 bases long LNA–DNA mixmers, gabmers as well as full length LNA's with the complementary DNA, RNA and LNA oligonucleotides in the presence and absence of 10 mM Mg2+- ions. Our results show no significant differences in the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics between the LNA species, only a tendency to stronger duplex formation with the gabmer and mixmer. Introduction of a few LNA's thus may be a better strategy, than using full length LNA's to obtain an oligonucleotide that markedly increases the strength of duplexes formed with the complementary DNA and RNA.

scholarly journals Superior Silencing by 2′,4′-BNANC-Based Short Antisense Oligonucleotides Compared to 2′,4′-BNA/LNA-Based Apolipoprotein B Antisense Inhibitors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Hidenori Yasuhara ◽  
Fumito Wada ◽  
Mariko Harada-Shiba ◽  
Takeshi Imanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Penalty Term ◽  
Target Mrna

The duplex stability with target mRNA and the gene silencing potential of a novel bridged nucleic acid analogue are described. The analogue,2′,4′-BNANCantisense oligonucleotides (AONs) ranging from 10- to 20-nt-long, targeted apolipoprotein B.2′,4′-BNANCwas directly compared to its conventional bridged (or locked) nucleic acid (2′,4′-BNA/LNA)-based counterparts. Melting temperatures of duplexes formed between2′,4′-BNANC-based antisense oligonucleotides and the target mRNA surpassed those of 2′,4′-BNA/LNA-based counterparts at all lengths. Anin vitrotransfection study revealed that when compared to the identical length2′,4′-BNA/LNA-based counterpart, the corresponding2′,4′-BNANC-based antisense oligonucleotide showed significantly stronger inhibitory activity. This inhibitory activity was more pronounced in shorter (13-, 14-, and 16-mer) oligonucleotides. On the other hand, the 2′,4′-BNANC-based 20-mer AON exhibited the highest affinity but the worstIC50value, indicating that very high affinity may undermine antisense potency. These results suggest that the potency of AONs requires a balance between reward term and penalty term. Balance of these two parameters would depend on affinity, length, and the specific chemistry of the AON, and fine-tuning of this balance could lead to improved potency. We demonstrate that2′,4′-BNANCmay be a better alternative to conventional2′,4′-BNA/LNA, even for “short” antisense oligonucleotides, which are attractive in terms of drug-likeness and cost-effective bulk production.

scholarly journals Systemic inhibition of miR-451 increases fibrotic signaling and diminishes autophagic response to exacerbate renal damage in Tallyho/Jng mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. F476-F486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice B. Fluitt ◽  
Narayan Shivapurkar ◽  
Manju Kumari ◽  
Sarojini Singh ◽  
Lijun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Collagen Type Iv ◽  
Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Sequestosome 1

miRNAs provide fine tuning of gene expression via inhibition of translation. miR-451 has a modulatory role in cell cycling via downregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin. We aimed to test whether chronic systemic inhibition of miR-451 would enhance renal fibrosis (associated with deranged autophagy). Adult TallyHo/Jng mice (obese insulin resistant) were randomized to two treatment groups to receive either miR-451 inhibition [via a locked nucleic acid construct] or a similar scrambled locked nucleic acid control for 8 wk. All mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) ad libitum and humanely euthanized after 12 wk. Kidneys and blood were collected for analysis. Renal expression of miR-451 was sixfold lower in inhibitor-treated mice compared with control mice. miR-451 inhibition increased kidney weight and collagen and glycogen deposition. Blood chemistry revealed significantly higher Na+ and anion gap (relative metabolic acidosis) in inhibitor-treated mice. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of the kidney revealed that the inhibitor increased markers of renal injury and fibrosis, e.g., kidney injury molecule 1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, transforming growth factor-β, 14-3-3 protein-ζ, mechanistic target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase-α, calcium-binding protein 39, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and the autophagy receptor sequestosome 1. In contrast, the inhibitor reduced the epithelial cell integrity marker collagen type IV and the autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B and beclin-1. Taken together, these results support a protective role for miR-451 in reducing renal fibrosis by enhancing autophagy in obese mice.

Stopped-flow kinetics of locked nucleic acid (LNA)–oligonucleotide duplex formation: studies of LNA–DNA and DNA–DNA interactions

2001 ◽  
Vol 354 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla CHRISTENSEN ◽  
Nana JACOBSEN ◽  
Vivek K. RAJWANSHI ◽  
Jesper WENGEL ◽  
Troels KOCH
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Stopped Flow ◽  
Complementary Dna ◽  
Conformationally Restricted ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Melting Curves ◽  
Oligonucleotide Duplex ◽  
Duplex Formation

The locked nucleic acid (LNA) monomer is a conformationally restricted nucleotide analogue with an extra 2′-O,4′-C-methylene bridge added to the ribose ring. Oligonucleotides that contain LNA monomers have shown greatly enhanced thermal stability when hybridized to complementary DNA and RNA and are considered most promising candidates for efficient recognition of a given mixed sequence in a nucleic acid duplex and as an antisense molecule. Here the kinetics and thermodynamics of a series of oligonucleotide duplex formations of DNA–DNA and DNA–LNA octamers were studied using stopped-flow absorption measurements at 25°C and melting curves. The reactions of the DNA octamer 5′-CAGGAGCA-3′ with its complementary DNA octamer 5′-TGCTCCTG-3′, and with the LNA octamers 5′-TLGCTCCTG-3′ (LNA-1), 5′-TLGCTLCCTG-3′ (LNA-2) and 5′-TLGCTLCCTLG-3′(LNA-3), containing respectively one, two or three thymidine 2′-O,4′-C-methylene-(D-ribofuranosyl) nucleotide monomers, designated TL, were studied. In all cases were seen fast second-order association reactions with kobs = 2×107M-1˙s-1. At 25°C the dissociation constants of the duplexes obtained from melting curves were: DNA–DNA, 10nM; DNA–LNA-1, 20nM; DNA–LNA-2, 2nM; and DNA–LNA-3, 0.3nM; thus the greatly enhanced duplex stability induced by LNA is confirmed. Since the association rates were all equal this increase in stability is due to slower rates of dissociation of the complexes.

High-resolution nucleic acid sequence mapping via in situ hybridization at the Electron Microscope level

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
B.A. Hamkalo ◽  
S. Narayanswami ◽  
A.P. Kausch
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Dna And Rna

The availability of nonradioactive methods to label nucleic acids an the resultant rapid and greater sensitivity of detection has catapulted the technique of in situ hybridization to become the method of choice to locate of specific DNA and RNA sequences on chromosomes and in whole cells in cytological preparations in many areas of biology. It is being applied to problems of fundamental interest to basic cell and molecular biologists such as the organization of the interphase nucleus in the context of putative functional domains; it is making major contributions to genome mapping efforts; and it is being applied to the analysis of clinical specimens. Although fluorescence detection of nucleic acid hybrids is routinely used, certain questions require greater resolution. For example, very closely linked sequences may not be separable using fluorescence; the precise location of sequences with respect to chromosome structures may be below the resolution of light microscopy(LM); and the relative positions of sequences on very small chromosomes may not be feasible.

scholarly journals Sulfur Modification in Natural RNA and Therapeutic Oligonucleotides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Ying Zheng ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Thomas Begley ◽  
Jia Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Sulfur Modification ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Sulfur modifications have been discovered on both DNA and RNA. Sulfur substitution of oxygen atoms at nucleobase or backbone locations in the nucleic acid framework led to a wide variety...

Trinucleotide Cap Analogue Bearing a Locked Nucleic Acid Moiety: Synthesis, mRNA Modification, and Translation for Therapeutic Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamalai Senthilvelan ◽  
Tyson Vonderfecht ◽  
Muthian Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Indra Pal ◽  
Jason Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Therapeutic Applications
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