Growth of the grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The relationship between water content and dry matter accumulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schnyder ◽  
U. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The Relationship

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

scholarly journals Organic Minerals Suitability Assessment on the Biochemical Characters of Common Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.under Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Kumar Mishra Santosh Pandey ◽  
Arvind Kumar Ramesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Minerals

An experiment has been conducted to assess the real time utility and abundance of organic minerals in cultivation of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with the aim of finding the effect of available soil organic minerals on various biochemicals or chemical characters including yield attributes. For the experiment, the cultivar namely RAJ-4037 which is best for dry land area and crop matures in 120 days. This variety is suitable for bakery and beverage industry, has been taken. The pre availability of manures were measured and the application of various fertilizers have been done as per the recommended dose for the cultivation. The data of various biochemical characters like Dry matter accumulation, Protein content, NPK in grain, NPK in straw, yield and biological yields have been recorded as per standard methods. The results revealed that organic minerals had a significant impact to influence the various biochemical traits such as dry matter accumulation maximum in FYM, Protein content (11.18), NPK (0.60; 0.35 and 0.36) were recorded maximum in vermin compost treatment.

scholarly journals Glycine Betaine-Mediated Root Priming Improves Water Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Mingyuan Zhu ◽  
Qiuxia Li ◽  
Xilei Wang ◽  
Jiachi Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

Droughts represent one of the main challenges that climate change imposes on crop production. As a globally cultivated staple crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is prone to drought environments. Therefore, improvement in drought tolerance represents a growing concern to ensure food security, especially for wheat. In this perspective, the application of Phyto-phillic exogenous materials such as glycine-betaine (GB) has been attracting attention, particularly in stress-related studies. Since roots procure the water and nutrients for plants, any improvements in their response and capacity against drought stress could induce stress tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge about the changes in root architecture, defense mechanism, hormonal metabolism, and downstream signaling, in response to GB-mediated root priming, is still limited. Therefore, we designed the present study to investigate the role of GB-mediated root priming in improving the water stress tolerance in wheat (cv. Jimai-22) under in-vitro conditions. The roots of twelve days old wheat seedlings were treated with Hoagland’s solution (GB-0), 50 mM GB (GB-1), and 100 mM GB (GB-2) for 48 h and subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. The osmotic stress substantially impaired shoot/root growth, dry matter accumulation, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots of wheat seedlings. However, GB-mediated root priming improved the redox homeostasis of wheat roots by boosting the activities of SOD and POD and triggering the significantly higher accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in the roots of GB-primed plants. Consequently, it modified the root architecture system and improved plant growth, dry matter accumulation, and water-stress tolerance of wheat seedlings. Moreover, GB-mediated root priming increased root sensitivity to water stress and induced overexpression of stress-responsive genes involved in ABA metabolism (TaNECD1, TaABA’OH2), their downstream signal transduction (TaPP2C, TaSNRK2.8), and activation of different transcriptional factors (TabZIP60, TaAREB3, TaWRKY2, TaERF3, and TaMYB3) that are associated with plant metabolite accumulation and detoxification of ROS under water stress conditions. Overall, our results demonstrated that GB-priming improved the physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat plants under WS conditions by improving the drought perception capacity of wheat roots, ultimately enhancing the water stress tolerance. Thus, the GB-priming of roots could help to enhance the water-stress tolerance of economically important crops (i.e., wheat).

Identification of chromosome regions conferring dry matter accumulation and photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liang ◽  
Kunpu Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Qingwei Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Chromosome Regions

Mass to height relationships in annual pastures and prediction of sheep growth rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
S. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Software Model ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between pasture height and mass influences the availability of pasture for grazing, and is important for predicting intake of pasture and liveweight change by sheep. The relationship between pasture mass and structure and sheep production is poorly defined for low-mass, clumpy pastures in low-rainfall regions. Between 2001 and 2004, 480 quadrats of pastures were measured in 23 paddocks throughout the Victorian Mallee. Pasture height was related to live mass for medic (linear; r2 = 0.70; P < 0.001) and grassy medic (asymptotic; r2 = 0.64; P < 0.001) pastures, and prediction of grassy medic pasture height was improved by inclusion of proportion live groundcover. During 2004, pasture dry matter accumulation and liveweight changes in sheep grazing annual pastures were measured and compared with predicted outputs from GrazFeed, a software model used to estimate feed intake and liveweight change in sheep. Improved predictions of liveweight gain in grazing sheep were obtained using measured height rather than the GrazFeed default height. The results show that the height to mass relationship of annual pastures in the Victorian Mallee differs between pasture types, between years, and may differ from other published relationships. This study provides information that may assist in the development of models of grazing systems.

scholarly journals Effect of accelerated ageing on the content and composition of polyphenolic complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
J. Dudjak ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
V. Pivec
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids

The influence of accelerated ageing test (AAT), i.e. of higher temperature and humidity, on the content and composition of phenolic compounds in the grains of five cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the years 1998 and 1999. Total polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically by Folin-Ciocalteau&rsquo;s phenolic reagent and free phenolic acids by an HPLC method in control samples and after deterioration treatment (AAT) in the Ebi, Estica, Nela, Samanta and &Scaron;&aacute;rka cultivars. Statistical significance of deterioration treatment, cultivar, cultivation site, and harvest year was proved. Content of total polyphenols increased during deterioration and levels of the individual free phenolic acid changed depending on their structures. Mean contents of total polyphenols varied from 600 to 960 mg/kg of dry matter. The increase caused by the AAT ranged between 0&ndash;20%, the greatest mean increase was observed in the cultivar Nela (by 19%). Sinapic acid (as high as 540 mg/kg of dry matter), 3-hydroxy-benzoic acid and 7-hydroxycoumarin were determined as the major phenolic acids and coumarins. A decrease of free phenolic acids containing methoxy groups in their molecules (sinapic and vanillic acids) and an increase of phenolic acids with free hydroxy groups (caffeic and gallic acids) was observed after deterioration treatment. Statistically significant (P &le; 0.05) effect of AAT on the content of free phenolic acids was observed.

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