The genotoxic risk of hospital, pharmacy and medical personnel occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs — evaluation by the micronucleus assay

2001 ◽  
Vol 497 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hessel ◽  
Katja Radon ◽  
Angelika Pethran ◽  
Bettina Maisch ◽  
Stefan Gröbmair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Genotoxic Risk

scholarly journals Cytogenetic abnormalities in lymphocytes evaluated with micronucleus assay in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-939
Author(s):  
Nevenka Velickova ◽  
Misko Milev ◽  
Tatjana Ruskovska ◽  
Biljana Petrova ◽  
Bojana Nedeljkovik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Student ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ionizing radiation on medical personnel using the micronucleus assay and to determine the human health risk. Paired Student?s t-test shows significant statistical difference between the total number of binucleated (BN) cells with micronuclei within the two groups (exposed and control) (t=6,812; p<0,05). The mean of MN frequencies in the exposed group increased in comparison with the mean of MN frequencies in the control group. The formation of small and large micronuclei indicates that medical personnel who are exposed on radiation in their work place, have a chromosomal instability and a risk of cancer.

scholarly journals Positive correlation between micronuclei and necrosis of lymphocytes in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Petrovic ◽  
Andreja Leskovac ◽  
Gordana Joksic
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

BACKGROUND: Current radiation protection standards are based on premise that any radiation dose may result in detrimental health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate extent of the DNA damages (measured by induction of micronuclei) and interphase cell death in circulating lymphocytes of medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS: Baseline micronuclei were assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by flow cytometry for human white blood cells to identify cells that displayed apoptosis-associated DNA condensation. Necrotic cells were analyzed simultaneously. All parameters were compared with corresponding controls. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (t = 4.54, p = 0.002) was found between exposed and control group in the yield of baseline micronuclei. The level of baseline micronuclei correlated positively with necrosis of leucocytes (r=0.09, p=0.68 in exposed group, r=0.02, p=0.97 in controls). An inverse correlation between baseline micronuclei and apoptosis was noted in both groups of examinees (r = -0.26, p = 0.27 in exposed group, r = -0.09, p=0.80 in controls). The data obtained also suggested an inverse correlation between necrosis and apoptosis (r = -0.37, p = 0.11 in exposed group, r = -0.89, p = 0.001 in controls). CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry being a rapid, fast, and accurate method is strongly recommended in evaluation of radiation injuries. The integration of apoptosis and necrosis into micronucleus assay could be very important in the assessment of cumulative effects of ionizing radiation in occupationally exposed medical personnel.

Evaluation of genotoxic risk of handling cytostatic drugs in clinical pharmacy practice

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester P. Guinée ◽  
Gert H. Beuman ◽  
Geja Hageman ◽  
Irene J. Welle ◽  
Jos C. S. Kleinjans
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Genotoxic Risk

Efforts to Ensure Safety of Hospital Pharmacy Personnel Occupationally Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs During a Preparation Task

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ikeda ◽  
Yuriko Yagi ◽  
Manabu Takegami ◽  
Yuquan Lu ◽  
Kanehisa Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

scholarly journals Genetic and immune-toxicologic studies on abnormal thyroid functions in hospital employees exposed to cytostatic drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Anna Tompa ◽  
Mátyás Jakab ◽  
Anna Biró ◽  
Jenő Major
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Introduction: Environmental exposure to harmful chemicals may produce severe consequences. Aim: The aim of the authors was to perform geno- and immune-toxicological monitoring in female employees occupationally exposed to cytostatic agents in hospitals and compare the findings to those obtained from controls. Method: Altogether 642 women working in hospital who were occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs and 262 control women participated in the study. Frequency of chromosome aberrations, immune phenotype and activation of lymphocytes, and the production of reactive oxygen-species in neutrophil granulocytes were determined. Results: Markedly higher number (n=39) of thyroid alterations was observed among exposed subjects as compared to controls (n=3). In persons with abnormal thyroid functions, the frequency of chromosome aberrations (3.69%) was significantly higher (3.69%) than in exposed subjects without thyroid alterations (2.43%) and in controls (1.70% and 1.60% in control subjects with and without thyroid alterations, respectively). Significantly increased ratio of helper T lymphocytes and decreased ratio of cytotoxic T cells and transferrin-receptor (CD71) expressing B cells were observed in exposed subjects having abnormal thyroid functions as compared to controls. In addition, the ratio of B cells, CD71 expressing T cells and production of reactive oxygen-intermediates was significantly decreased in exposed subjects with thyroid alterations in comparison to exposed subjects without thyroid alterations. Conclusions: The results indicate increased geno- and immune-toxic effects among exposed subjects having thyroid alterations. Further data are needed to clearly establish the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of this finding. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(2), 60–66.

scholarly journals Effect of BCG Revaccination on Occupationally Exposed Medical Personnel Vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
Espiridión Ramos-Martinez ◽  
Ramcés Falfán-Valencia ◽  
Gloria Pérez-Rubio ◽  
Warrison Athanasio Andrade ◽  
Jorge Rojas-Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Antibody Titers

The production of specific neutralizing antibodies by individuals is thought to be the best option for reducing the number of patients with severe COVID-19, which is the reason why multiple vaccines are currently being administered worldwide. We aimed to explore the effect of revaccination with BCG, on the response to a subsequent anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in persons occupationally exposed to COVID-19 patients. Two groups of 30 randomized participants were selected: one group received a BCG revaccination, and the other group received a placebo. Subsequently, both groups were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. After each round of vaccination, the serum concentration of Th1/Th2 cytokines was determined. At the end of the protocol, neutralizing antibodies were determined and the HLA-DRB loci were genotyped. The participants from the BCG group and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine group had increased serum cytokine concentrations (i.e., IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-18, GM-CSF, INF-γ, and TNF-α) and higher neutralizing antibody titers, compared to the group with Placebo–anti-SARS-CoV-2. Twelve HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified in the Placebo–anti-SARS-CoV-2 group, and only nine in the group revaccinated with BCG. The DRB1*04 allele exhibited increased frequency in the Placebo–anti-SARS-CoV-2 group; however, no confounding effects were found with this allele. We conclude that revaccination with BCG synergizes with subsequent vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in occupationally exposed personnel.

The repeated cytogenetic analysis of subjects occupationally exposed to nanoparticles: a pilot study

Mutagenesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rossnerova ◽  
Daniela Pelclova ◽  
Vladimir Zdimal ◽  
Pavel Rossner ◽  
Fatima Elzeinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks ◽  
Clastogenic Effect

Abstract The application of nanomaterials has been rapidly increasing during recent years. Inhalation exposure to nanoparticles (NP) may result in negative toxic effects but there is a critical lack of human studies, especially those related to possible DNA alterations. We analyzed pre-shift and post-shift a group of nanocomposite researchers with a long-term working background (17.8 ± 10.0 years) and matched controls. The study group consisted of 73.2% males and 26.8% females. Aerosol exposure monitoring during a working shift (involving welding, smelting, machining) to assess the differences in exposure to particulate matter (PM) including nanosized fractions <25–100 nm, and their chemical analysis, was carried out. A micronucleus assay using Human Pan Centromeric probes, was applied to distinguish between the frequency of centromere positive (CEN+) and centromere negative (CEN−) micronuclei (MN) in the binucleated cells. This approach allowed recognition of the types of chromosomal damage: losses and breaks. The monitoring data revealed differences in the exposure to NP related to individual working processes, and in the chemical composition of nanofraction. The cytogenetic results of this pilot study demonstrated a lack of effect of long-term (years) exposure to NP (total frequency of MN, P = 0.743), although this exposure may be responsible for DNA damage pattern changes (12% increase of chromosomal breaks—clastogenic effect). Moreover, short-term (daily shift) exposure could be a reason for the increase of chromosomal breaks in a subgroup of researchers involved in welding and smelting processes (clastogenic effect, P = 0.037). The gender and/or gender ratio of the study participants was also an important factor for the interpretation of the results. As this type of human study is unique, further research is needed to understand the effects of long-term and short-term exposure to NP.

Modulatory role of GSTM1 null genotype on the frequency of micronuclei in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1942-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer ◽  
Seda Savranoglu ◽  
Pelin Atmaca ◽  
Gulsum Terzioglu ◽  
Alaattin Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Gstm1 Null Genotype ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Gstt1 Genotype ◽  
Gstp1 Ile105val ◽  
Genotoxic Risk ◽  
Cellular Dna

In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of genotoxic risk and the association between null GSTM1/GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val variants and cellular DNA damage, as measured by micronucleus (MN) assay in a group of agricultural workers from Denizli, Turkey. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 116 subjects, including 58 workers who were occupationally exposed to pesticides and 58 healthy unexposed controls. The MN frequencies of each individual were assessed by cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei assays on lymphocytes. Genotypes for different GST variants were determined using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. A significant 3.4-fold increase in MN frequency was observed in workers compared with the controls ( p < 0.001). Among the GST genotypes, only the GSTM1 null genotype was found to be significantly associated with an increased MN frequency in workers ( p = 0.01). Individuals with a concomitant null GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype demonstrated a significant ( p = 0.01) increase in MN frequency compared with those with functional isozymes in the exposed worker group. The association of the GSTM1 null genotype with higher MN frequency suggests that it may be a modifier of genotoxic risk in individuals exposed to pesticides and may thus be a candidate susceptibility biomarker for human biomonitoring studies.

Immunotoxicity Monitoring of Hospital Staff Occupationally Exposed to Cytostatic Drugs

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Biró ◽  
Zoltán Fodor ◽  
Jenő Major ◽  
Anna Tompa
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Occupationally Exposed
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