Porosity development in activated carbons obtained from date pits under chemical activation with phosphoric acid

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badie S. Girgis ◽  
Abdel-Nasser A. El-Hendawy
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Date Pits ◽  
Porosity Development

Physical and Chemical Activation Effect on Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Pineapple Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Adlina Azmi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The characteristics and quality of activated carbons prepared depending on the chemical and physical properties of the starting materials and the activation method used. In this study, activated carbon prepared using pineapple waste. Three parts of pineapple waste which comprises of peel, crown and leaf were studied. For comparison activated carbon were prepared by both physical and chemical activation respectively. Three types of chemicals were used, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The preparation includes carbonization at 200°C and activation at the 400°C using muffle furnace. The chemical characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The highest BET surface area was achieved when the pineapple peel soaked in 20% phosphoric acid with a surface area of 1115 m2g-1. FTIR analysis indicates that the reacted pineapple waste successfully converted into activated carbons.

scholarly journals Utilization of Agricultural Waste in Treating Water Pollutants

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023
Author(s):  
N.R.A. El-Mouhty ◽  
H. M. H. Gad ◽  
A. Y. El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Date Pits

This study investigated the applicability of chemically (phosphoric acid) activated bagasse pith and date pits in the adsorption of water pollutants. The textural properties including porous parameters, monolayer equivalent surface area, total pore volumes, average pore radius, Methylene blue number and other physic-chemical characterization were investigated. The activated carbons were analyzed for moisture content, ash content. Ultimate analysis was done by using CHNS analyzer (Cairo University, Micro-analytical Center). To investigate the effect of phosphoric acid on the raw material, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermo gravimetric (DTG) recordings were determined. The adsorption of heavy metals as pollutants, including Co, Sr, Cu, Cs, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Zn, was studied in a batch experiments. Comparison of date pits activated carbon with commercial activated carbon was done, and the results indicated that using of prepared activated carbon for removal of Co, Sr, Cu, Cs, Pb, Cd, Ni,  Fe, Zn was  more effective than commercial activated carbon.

Preparation of activated carbons from chestnut wood by phosphoric acid-chemical activation. Study of microporosity and fractal dimension

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gómez-Serrano ◽  
E.M. Cuerda-Correa ◽  
M.C. Fernández-González ◽  
M.F. Alexandre-Franco ◽  
A. Macías-García
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Chestnut Wood

Activated carbon from molasses efficiency for Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption: A mechanistic study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Good Potential

Activated carbon was prepared from molasses, which are natural precursors of vegetable origin resulting from the sugar industry. A simple elaboration process, based on chemical activation with phosphoric acid, was proposed. The final product, prepared by activation of molasses/phosphoric acid mixture in air at 500°C, presented high surface area (more than 1400 m2/g) and important maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue (625 mg/g) and iodine (1660 mg/g). The activated carbon (MP2(500)) showed a good potential for the adsorption of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The affinity for the three ions was observed in the following order Cu2+ Cr6+ Pb2+. The process is governed by monolayer adsorption following the Langmuir model, with a correlation coefficient close to unity.

Surface functionality and porosity of activated carbons obtained from chemical activation of wood

Carbon ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Benaddi ◽  
T.J Bandosz ◽  
J Jagiello ◽  
J.A Schwarz ◽  
J.N Rouzaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Surface Functionality

scholarly journals Computer Analysis of the Effect of Activation Temperature on the Microporous Structure Development of Activated Carbon Derived from Common Polypody

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kwiatkowski ◽  
Jarosław Serafin ◽  
Andy M. Booth ◽  
Beata Michalkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Microporous Structure ◽  
Activation Temperature

This paper presents the results of a computer analysis of the effect of activation process temperature on the development of the microporous structure of activated carbon derived from the leaves of common polypody (Polypodium vulgare) via chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at activation temperatures of 700, 800, and 900 °C. An unconventional approach to porous structure analysis, using the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method together with the implemented unique gas state equation, was used in this study. The LBET method is based on unique mathematical models that take into account, in addition to surface heterogeneity, the possibility of molecule clusters branching and the geometric and energy limitations of adsorbate cluster formation. It enabled us to determine a set of parameters comprehensively and reliably describing the porous structure of carbon material on the basis of the determined adsorption isotherm. Porous structure analyses using the LBET method were based on nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) adsorption isotherms determined for individual activated carbon. The analyses carried out showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity for activated carbon obtained was at an activation temperature of 900 °C, a value only slightly higher than that obtained for activated carbon prepared at 700 °C, but the values of geometrical parameters determined for these activated carbons showed significant differences. The results of the analyses obtained with the LBET method were also compared with the results of iodine number analysis and the results obtained with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR), and quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) methods, demonstrating their complementarity.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Impact of the Amount of Potassium Hydroxide on the Porous Structure Development of Activated Carbons

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Broniek ◽  
Vanessa Fierro ◽  
Alain Celzard
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the impact of the amount of potassium hydroxide on the obtained porous structure of the activated carbons derived from the shells of pistachios, hazelnuts, and pecans by carbonization and subsequent chemical activation with potassium hydroxide by different adsorption methods: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Dubinin–Raduskevich, the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis, Quenched Solid Density Functional Theory, and 2D-Non-linear Density Functional Theory for Heterogeneous Surfaces, applied to nitrogen adsorption isotherms at −196 °C. Based on the conducted research, a significant potential for the production of activated carbons from waste materials, such as nut shells, has been demonstrated. All the activated carbons obtained in the present study at the activator/char mass ratio R = 4 exhibited the most developed porous structure, and thus very good adsorption properties. However, activated carbons obtained from pecan shells deserve special attention, as they were characterized by the most homogeneous surface among all the samples analyzed, i.e., by a very desirable feature in most adsorption processes. The paper demonstrates the necessity of using different methods to analyze the porous structure of activated carbons in order to obtain a complete picture of the studied texture. This is because only a full spectrum of information allows for correctly selecting the appropriate technology and conditions for the production of activated carbons dedicated to specific industrial applications. As shown in this work, relying only on the simplest methods of adsorption isotherm analysis can lead to erroneous conclusions due to lack of complete information on the analyzed porous structure. This work thus also explains how and why the usual characterizations of the porous structure of activated carbons derived from lignocellulosic biomass should not be taken at face value. On the contrary, it is advisable to cross reference several models to get a precise idea of the adsorbent properties of these materials, and therefore to propose the most suitable production technology, as well as the conditions of the preparation process.

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