scholarly journals Global Conflicts and Decisions: Hints from Laboratory Experiments with Human Subjects and Computer Simulations

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 3417-3420
Author(s):  
T.B. Sherjdan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Human Subjects

scholarly journals DOES INFLATION TARGETING MATTER? AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Cornand ◽  
Cheick Kader M'baye
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Inflation Target ◽  
Keynesian Model ◽  
Inflation Stabilization

We use laboratory experiments with human subjects to test the relevance of different inflation-targeting regimes. In particular and within the standard New Keynesian model, we evaluate to what extent communication of the inflation target is relevant to the success of inflation targeting. We find that if the central bank cares only about inflation stabilization, announcing the inflation target does not make a difference in terms of macroeconomic performance compared with a standard active monetary policy. However, if the central bank also cares about the stabilization of economic activity, communicating the target helps to reduce the volatility of inflation, interest rate, and output gap, although their average levels are not affected. This finding is consistent with the theoretical literature and provides a rationale for the adoption of a flexible inflation-targeting regime.

scholarly journals The Generation, Analysis, and Circuit Implementation of a New Memristor Based Chaotic System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Li ◽  
Xia Huang ◽  
Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Bifurcation Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Power Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Circuit Implementation ◽  
Chaotic Circuit ◽  
Nonlinear Resistor ◽  
Dynamical Behaviors ◽  
Negative Conductance

We present a new memristor based chaotic circuit, which is generated by replacing the nonlinear resistor in Chua’s circuit with a flux-controlled memristor and a negative conductance. The dynamical behaviors are verified not only by computer simulations but also by Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation analysis, Poincaré mapping, power spectrum analysis, and laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals From Blowing Wind to Running Water: Unifying Sediment Transport

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P�htz ◽  
Abram Clark ◽  
Manousos Valyrakis ◽  
Orencio Dur�n
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Water

Laboratory experiments and grain-scale computer simulations during the past decade have led to a more universal understanding of flow-driven sediment transport across flows in oil, water, and air.

Computer simulations of motoneuron firing rate modulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Heckman ◽  
M. D. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Synaptic Organization ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Rate Limiting

1. As a human subject slowly increases the amount of force exerted by a muscle, the discharge rates of low-threshold motor units saturate at a rather low level, whereas higher-threshold units continue to be recruited and undergo increases in their discharge rates. The presently known intrinsic properties of motor units do not produce this "rate limiting." 2. Using computer simulations of a model motoneuron pool, we tested the hypothesis that rate limiting can be accounted for on the basis of the known distributions of synaptic input from different sources. The properties of the simulated motor units and their synaptic inputs were based as closely as possible on the available experimental data. A variety of simulated synaptic input organizations were applied to the pool, and the resulting outputs were compared with the data on rate limiting in human subjects. 3. We found that the data on rate limiting in human subjects greatly constrained the possible organizations of characterized synaptic input systems. Only when the synaptic organization included a gradual "crossover" between two specific types of input systems could the human data be accurately reproduced. Low input/output levels relied on a system organized like the monosynaptic Ia input, which produces greater effective synaptic currents in low- than in high-threshold motor units. Above a sharply defined crossover level, all further increases in output were produced by a system organized like the oligosynaptic rubrospinal input, which generates the opposite pattern.

scholarly journals The tensile strength of dust aggregates consisting of small elastic grains: constraints on the size of condensates in protoplanetary discs

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (2) ◽  
pp. 1667-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kimura ◽  
Koji Wada ◽  
Fumi Yoshida ◽  
Peng K Hong ◽  
Hiroki Senshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Elastic Parameters ◽  
Cometary Dust ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Protoplanetary Discs

ABSTRACT A consensus view on the formation of planetesimals is now exposed to a threat, since recent numerical studies on the mechanical properties of dust aggregates tend to dispute the conceptual picture that submicrometer-sized grains conglomerate into planetesimals in protoplanetary discs. With the advent of precise laboratory experiments and extensive computer simulations on the interaction between elastic spheres comprising dust aggregates, we revisit a model for the tensile strength of dust aggregates consisting of small elastic grains. In the framework of contact mechanics and fracture mechanics, we examine outcomes of computer simulations and laboratory experiments on the tensile strength of dust aggregates. We provide a novel analytical formula that explicitly incorporates the volume effect on the tensile strength, namely, the dependence of tensile strength on the volume of dust aggregates. We find that our model for the tensile strength of dust aggregates well reproduces results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments, if appropriate values are adopted for the elastic parameters used in the model. Moreover, the model with dust aggregates of submicrometer-sized grains is in good harmony with the tensile strength of cometary dust and meteoroids derived from astronomical observations. Therefore, we reaffirm the commonly believed idea that the formation of planetesimals begins with conglomeration of submicrometer-sized grains condensed in protoplanetary discs.

scholarly journals Revisiting pest sampling plans in light of economic uncertainty and risk aversion.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Rincon ◽  
Hugo Fernando Rivera-Trujillo ◽  
Lorena Mojica-Ramos ◽  
Felipe Borrero-Echeverry
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Decision Threshold ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Sampling Plans

Abstract Decision-making for pest management in agriculture is often assisted by sampling plans that guide users in determining the need for an intervention. Even though Tuta absoluta is easily recognizable by most tomato growers and that several sampling plans have been developed, adoption of decision-making systems for this pest is still incipient. Two potential obstacles for adoption are market uncertainty and farmer's risk aversion. Both obstacles could be tackled by adopting sampling plans that allow farmers to plan interventions according to rough estimations of economic thresholds and the intuition and experience gained by farmers. In this study, we evaluated four sampling plans using computer simulations and field trials. We compared the efficiency and the ability of each plan to both estimate the actual mean number of larvae per plant and to classify pest populations according to a predefined economic threshold. We also analyzed the time spent, and plants examined by human subjects applying each plan on a tomato crop with a T. absoluta infestation slightly over a predefined economic threshold. We show that sampling plans that deliver the most precise classifications, are poorest in delivering pest density estimations and vice versa. Our findings are consistent for both human subjects and computer simulations. However, the average number of samples required by sampling plans does not reflect the time spent by humans sampling real plants. Our results show that sampling plans based on counts, as opposed to those based on binary data, can efficiently provide reliable information on a current level of T. absoluta infestation relative to an estimated decision threshold. We suggest that sampling plans that promote the creation of farmer's memory, such as those based on counts, may be more suitable to both reduce risk aversion and increase adaptability to market uncertainty.

scholarly journals Piv Method and Numerical Computation for Prediction of Liquid Steel Flow Structure in Tundish

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cwudziński
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Piv Method ◽  
Commercial Program ◽  
Flow Field Analysis ◽  
Steel Flow

AbstractThis paper presents the results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments carried out to describe the motion of steel flow in the tundish. The facility under investigation is a single-nozzle tundish designed for casting concast slabs. For the validation of the numerical model and verification of the hydrodynamic conditions occurring in the examined tundish furniture variants, obtained from the computer simulations, a physical model of the tundish was employed. State-of-the-art vector flow field analysis measuring systems developed by Lavision were used in the laboratory tests. Computer simulations of liquid steel flow were performed using the commercial program Ansys-Fluent¯. In order to obtain a complete hydrodynamic picture in the tundish furniture variants tested, the computer simulations were performed for both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.

Body Surface Laplacian Mapping of Bioelectrical Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yu ◽  
D. Wu ◽  
N. Mehdi ◽  
B. He
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Surface Laplacian ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Bioelectrical Potential

Abstract:A method is described to process and interpret multi-channel bioelectrical signals. The bioelectrical signals were recorded noninvasively over the body surface of human subjects at 120 sites. The body surface Laplacian maps were then constructed from the multi-channel bioelectrical potential measurement. The method was evaluated by means of computer simulations, and applied to imaging cardiac electrical activity. The present investigation suggests body surface Laplacian mapping provides an important means in interpreting bioelectrical signals.

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