Uric acid is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease? The brisighella heart study

Objectives: Prehypertension frequently progresses to hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, stroke, excess morbidity and mortality. However, the identical risk factors for developing hypertension from prehypertension are not clarified. This study is conducted to clarify the risks. Methods: We conducted a retrospective 5-year cohort study using the data from 3,584 prehypertensive Japanese adults (52.1±11.0 years, 2,081 men) in 2004 and reevaluated it 5 years later. We calculated the cumulative incidences of hypertension over 5 years, then, we detected the risk factors and calculated odds ratios (ORs) for developing hypertension by crude analysis and after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, smoking and drinking habits, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and serum uric acid. We also evaluated whether serum uric acid (hyperuricemia) provided an independent risk for developing hypertension. Results: The cumulative incidence of hypertension from prehypertension over 5 years was 25.3%, but there were no significant differences between women and men (24.4% vs 26.0%, p=0.28). The cumulative incidence of hypertension in subjects with hyperuricemia (n=726) was significantly higher than those without hyperuricemia (n=2,858) (30.7% vs 24.0%, p<0.001). After multivariable adjustments, the risk factors for developing hypertension from prehypertension were age (OR per 1 year increased: 1.023; 95% CI, 1.015-1.032), women (OR versus men: 1.595; 95% CI, 1.269-2.005), higher body mass index (OR per 1 kg/m 2 increased: 1.051; 95% CI 1.021-1.081), higher baseline systolic blood pressure (OR per 1 mmHg increased: 1.072; 95% CI, 1.055-1.089) and diastolic blood pressure (OR per 1 mmHg increased: 1.085; 95% CI, 1.065-1.106), and higher serum uric acid (OR pre 1 mg/dL increased: 1.149; 95% CI, 1.066-1.238), but not smoking and drinking habits, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney diseases. Conclusions: Increased serum uric acid is an independent risk factor for developing hypertension from prehypertension. Intervention studies are needed to clarify whether the treatments for hyperuricemia in prehypertensive subjects are useful.

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"SLEEP APNOEA AS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: CURRENT EVIDENCE, BASIC MECHANISMS AND RESEARCH PRIORITIES". W.T. MCNICHOLAS, M.R. BONSIGNORE AND THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE OF EU COST ACTION B26. EUR RESPIR J 2007; 29: 156-178.

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/09031936.50027406 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 614-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Research Priorities ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Management Committee ◽

Cost Action

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Specific diseases: renal disease

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0643 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 2670-2673

Author(s):

Susanna Price

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Potential Methods

Chronic kidney disease is a global health burden, with an estimated prevalence of 11–13%, with the majority of patients diagnosed as stage 3, and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The incidence of acute kidney injury is increasing, and estimated to be present in one in five acute hospital admissions, and there is a bidirectional relationship between acute and chronic kidney disease. The relevance to the patient with cardiovascular disease relates to increased perioperative risk, as reduced kidney function is an independent risk factor for adverse postoperative cardiovascular outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke, and progression of heart failure. Furthermore, patients undergoing cardiovascular investigations are at risk of developing acute kidney injury, in particular where iodinated contrast is administered. This chapter reviews the classification of renal disease and its impact on cardiovascular disease, as well as potential methods for reducing the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

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URIC ACID AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000539359.83742.00 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. e138

Author(s):

M. Kallistratos ◽

S. Giannitsi ◽

L. Poulimenos ◽

N. Miaris ◽

A. Koukouzeli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Observational Study ◽

Prospective Observational Study

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Lipoprotein(a) Is an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2005.055228 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 2067-2073 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Daniel T Holmes ◽

Brian A Schick ◽

Karin H Humphries ◽

Jiri Frohlich

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Lipid Clinic

Abstract Background: The role of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH) is unclear. We sought to examine the utility of this lipoprotein as a predictor of CVD outcomes in the HFH population at our lipid clinic. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data from a large multiethnic cohort of HFH patients at a single, large lipid clinic in Vancouver, Canada. Three hundred and eighty-eight patients were diagnosed with possible, probable, or definite HFH by strict clinical diagnostic criteria. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to study the relationship between several established CVD risk factors, Lp(a), and the age of first hard CVD event. Results: An Lp(a) concentration of 800 units/L (560 mg/L) or higher was a significant independent risk factor for CVD outcomes [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.53–4.39; P <0.001]. Other significant risk factors were male sex [HR = 3.19 (1.79–5.69); P <0.001] and ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol [1.18 (1.07–1.30); P = 0.001]. A previous history of smoking or hypertension each produced HRs consistent with increased CVD risk [HR = 1.55 (0.92–2.61) and 1.57 (0.90–2.74), respectively], but neither reached statistical significance (both P = 0.10). LDL-cholesterol was not an independent predictor of CVD risk [HR = 0.85 (0.0.71–1.01); P = 0.07], nor was survival affected by the subcategory of HFH diagnosis (i.e., possible vs probable vs definite HFH). Conclusion: Lp(a) is an independent predictor of CVD risk in a multiethnic HFH population.

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