TiC-modified CNTs as reinforcing fillers for isotropic graphite produced from mesocarbon microbeads

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

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Size-controllable synthesis of dendritic porous silica as reinforcing fillers for dental composites

Dental Materials ◽

10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongyan Chen ◽

Hongmei Liu ◽

Ruili Wang ◽

Xiaoze Jiang ◽

Meifang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Porous Silica ◽

Dental Composites ◽

Controllable Synthesis ◽

Reinforcing Fillers

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Enzymatic polymerization designed glucan particle morphology as reinforcing fillers of dipped and casted rubber films

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118234 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 118234

Author(s):

Azin Adibi ◽

James Kim ◽

Jorge Mok ◽

Christian Lenges ◽

Leonardo Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Morphology ◽

Enzymatic Polymerization ◽

Reinforcing Fillers

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Comparison of ultrafine-grain isotropic graphite prepared from microcrystalline graphite and pitch coke

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2020.120055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 120055

Author(s):

Zhao He ◽

Jinliang Song ◽

Zheng Wang ◽

Xiaohui Guo ◽

Zhanjun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrafine Grain ◽

Pitch Coke ◽

Isotropic Graphite

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Ionic Crosslinking of Carboxylated SBR

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538174 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 942-958 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kyosaku Sato

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Ion Clusters ◽

Ionic Crosslinking ◽

Reinforcing Fillers ◽

Ionic Bonds ◽

Tan Δ ◽

And Shifts ◽

Ionic Crosslinks

Abstract 1. Ionic bonding of carboxylated SBR with zinc oxide is detectable by means of measurements of the temperature dependence of tan δ. There is an α peak in the region of 60°C at 3.5 Hz. The position and shape of the α peak are strongly dependent on the state of cure of the vulcanizates. Without permanent crosslinking, the α peak is a plateau; as the crosslink density increases, the α peak becomes sharper and shifts to lower temperatures. The presence of carbon black causes the α peak to shift to higher temperatures, regardless of the presence of permanent crosslinks. 2. Ionic bonds in carboxylated SBR reacted with zinc oxide are in the form of ion clusters which function as crosslinks at room temperature. The ionic crosslinks provide carboxylated SBR with high tensile strength in the absence of reinforcing fillers. The presence of carbon black causes the 300% modulus to increase. The ionic crosslinks are labile, and the strength is lost at moderately elevated temperatures. A mixed cure system consisting of both sulfur and zinc oxide provides higher heat resistance than either of the single cure systems.

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Interfacial Interactions in Silica Reinforced Silicones

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-170-303 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 170 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mirta I. Aranguren ◽

Christopher W. Macosko ◽

Bima Thakkar ◽

Matthew Tirrell

Keyword(s):

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Complex Structures ◽

Small Particles ◽

Carbon Blacks ◽

Silica Surfaces ◽

Reinforcing Fillers ◽

Fractal Characteristics ◽

Physical Forces ◽

A New Technique ◽

Silicone Rubbers

AbstractThe study of the type and strength of the filler-polymer linkages is of great importance in understanding the reinforcement of elastomers. Silicone rubbers are weak elastomers and the addition of reinforcing fillers is essential in order to obtain useful, strong materials. The best reinforcing filler for these elastomers are fumed silicas. These fillers, like reinforcing carbon blacks, have very complex structures. Both have fractal characteristics, small particles fused together forming open aggregates that can cluster by physical forces. Silicas have sometimes more complex structures than carbon blacks, but have a better understood surface chemistry. Interactions between polydimethylsiloxanes and silica surfaces have been studied using heat of adsorption measurements of mostly low molecular weight analogs or inferring the strength of the adsorption by the shift of particular peaks in the infrared spectrum [1]. Here we will present a new technique that measures directly the strength of the adsorption of the polymer segments onto glass and between themselves. It also allows for comparison of the strength of such bonds with the strength of a polymer entanglement “link”.

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