Enzymatic polymerization designed glucan particle morphology as reinforcing fillers of dipped and casted rubber films

Transmission electron microscopy is an important approach to the characterization of the morphology of multiphase latices. Various sample preparation techniques have been applied to multiphase latices such as OsO4, RuO4 and CsOH stains to distinguish the polymer phases or domains. Radiation damage by an electron beam of latices imbedded in ice has also been used as a technique to study particle morphology. Further studies have been developed in the use of freeze-fracture and the effect of differential radiation damage at liquid nitrogen temperatures of the latex particles embedded in ice and not embedded.Two different series of two-stage latices were prepared with (1) a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) seed and poly(styrene) (PS) second stage; (2) a PS seed and PMMA second stage. Both series have varying amounts of second-stage monomer which was added to the seed latex semicontinuously. A drop of diluted latex was placed on a 200-mesh Formvar-carbon coated copper grid.

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Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj14.9.565 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 565-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

YUCHENG PENG ◽

DOUGLAS J. GARDNER

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Hydroxyl Number ◽

Small Individual ◽

Dispersion Component ◽

Commercial Applications ◽

Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

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Assemblies of D-peptides for Targeting Cell Nucleolus

10.26434/chemrxiv.8247179.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Huaimin Wang ◽

Zhaoqianqi Feng ◽

Weiyi Tan ◽

Bing Xu

Keyword(s):

Particle Morphology ◽

Side Chain ◽

Mechanism Study ◽

Structural Analogue ◽

Hydrophobic Residues ◽

Subcellular Organelles ◽

First Case ◽

New Strategy ◽

Peptide Derivative ◽

Peptide Nanoparticles

<p>Selectively targeting cell nucleolus remains a challenge. Here we report the first case that D-peptides form membraneless molecular condensates with RNA for targeting cell nucleolus. A D-peptide derivative, enriched with lysine and hydrophobic residues, self-assembles to form nanoparticles, which enter cells through clathrin dependent endocytosis and mainly accumulate at cell nucleolus. Structural analogue of the D-peptide reveals that particle morphology of the assemblies, which depends on the side chain modification, favors the cellular uptake. Contrasting to those of the D-peptide, the assemblies of the corresponding L-enantiomer largely localize in cell lysosomes. Preliminary mechanism study suggests that the D-peptide nanoparticles interact with RNA to form membraneless condensates in the nucleolus, which further induces DNA damage and results in cell death. This work illustrates a new strategy for rationally designing supramolecular assemblies of D-peptides for targeting subcellular organelles.</p>

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•Reinforcing fillers for polymer composites made from nonwoven organic materials

All the materials Encyclopedic Reference Book ◽

10.31044/1994-6260-2018-0-10-9-13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (10) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

A. N. Marycheva ◽

◽

T. A. Guzeva ◽

P. M. Pye ◽

L. Kh. Tun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Reinforcing Fillers

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In Vitro Polyester Synthesis via Enzymatic Polymerization

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272023374544 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 209-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Shiro Kobayashi ◽

Hiroshi Uyama

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Polymerization

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Controlled Growth and Characterization Ag/ZnO Nanotetrapods for Humidity Sensing

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207321666180717120417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 462-467

Author(s):

Babak Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Zinc Complex ◽

Water Solution ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Quick Response ◽

Separation System ◽

Humidity Sensing ◽

Sensor Material ◽

Highly Sensitive

Aim and Objective: Ultrafine Ag/ZnO nanotetrapods (AZNTP) have been prepared successfully using silver (I)–bis (oxalato) zinc complex and 1, 3-diaminopropane (DAP) with a phase separation system, and have been injected into a diethyl/water solution. Materials and Methods: This crystal structure and lattice constant of the AZNTP obtained were investigated by means of a SEM, XRD, TEM and UV-vis spectrum. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated the growth and characterization AZNTP for humidity sensing and DAP plays a key role in the determination of particle morphology. AZNTP films with 23 nm in arm diameter have shown highly sensitive, quick response sensor material that works at room temperature.

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Nanostructured Polymetallic Powders to Create New Functional Materials on its Base

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.670.49 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 670 ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yuriy A. Zaharov ◽

Valeriy M. Pugachev ◽

Kseniya A. Datiy ◽

Anna N. Popova ◽

Anastasiya S. Valnyukova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Phase Diagrams ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Cloud Type ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Micron Size ◽

Common Nature ◽

20 Nm

In the paper, the particle morphology is considered and the slices of phase diagrams of nanosystems agreeable to the synthesis conditions are constructed according to the data obtained earlier by authors, as well as new results of the study of nanostructured Fe-Co, Fe-Ni, Co-Ni, Fe-Co-Ni, Fe-Pt, Cu-Ni and Ni-Cd powders. It is found that all considered polymetallic systems have common nature of the particle size spatial organization, i.e., 7-20 nm nanocrystals (for different systems) form highly compact aggregates (40-100 nm) which put together into loose porous agglomerates (up to 200-250 nm) and then into unconsolidated micron size formation of cloud type. It is classified uncovered features of nanostructured polymetallic phase diagrams in comparison with phase diagrams of bulk systems. Magnetic properties of nanosystems are studied.

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Wine By-Products as Raw Materials for the Production of Biopolymers and of Natural Reinforcing Fillers: A Critical Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Alessandro Nanni ◽

Mariafederica Parisi ◽

Martino Colonna

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Reinforcing Fillers ◽

Plastic Industry ◽

Review Reports ◽

By Products

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

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Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 745-754

Author(s):

Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽

Eddy Heraldy ◽

Rachmadani ◽

Yuniawan Hidayat ◽

Indriana Kartini

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Y Zeolite ◽

X Ray ◽

Irregular Particle ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Pure Metals

Abstract The properties of three types of CoMo/USY catalysts with different synthesized methods have been studied. The sequential and co-impregnation methods followed by activation using calcination and reduction process have been conducted. The properties of the catalysts were examined using Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) with refinement, and surface area analyzer (SAA). The FTIR spectrum study revealed the enhanced intensity of its Bronsted acid site, and the XRD diffractogram pattern verified the composition of pure metals, oxides, and alloys in the catalyst. The SAA demonstrated the mesoporous features of the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy showed an irregular particle morphology. Additional analysis using the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the metal has successfully impregnated without damaging the USY structure.

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