Enhancement of vitamin A combined vitamin D supplementation on immune response to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine revaccinated in Chinese infants

IntroductionApproximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.72%. Nevertheless, it has been reported that patients with ADHD tend to exhibit vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency, which may aggravate the symptoms of ADHD. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on the symptoms of ADHD.Methods and analysisThis is a parallel, prospective, interventional multicentric study. Patients will be enrolled from the southern, central and northern parts of China. A target of 504 patients will be followed for 8 weeks. They will be allocated into three groups (vitamin AD, vitamin D and placebo) and administered the interventions accordingly. Data on changes in the symptoms of ADHD as well as changes in the serum concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D will be recorded. Both responders and nonresponders based on the sociodemographic and clinical data will also be described to mitigate selection bias.Ethics and disseminationThis study is performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval number: (2019) IRB (STUDY) number 262). The results of the trial will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals and academic conferences regardless of the outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT04284059.

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Effect of high-dose vitamin A supplementation on the immune response to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1152 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1152-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Birgitte R Diness ◽

Ane B Fisker ◽

Adam Roth ◽

Maria Yazdanbakhsh ◽

Erliyani Sartono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Vitamin A ◽

High Dose ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

High Dose Vitamin

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The role of vitamin D in the body

Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

Agnieszka Grafka ◽

Maciej Łopucki ◽

Jarosław Kuna ◽

Anna Kuna ◽

Barbara Pęksa

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

The Body ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

The Sun ◽

Pituitary Glands

Vitamin D performs a lot of important functions in the body, and its deficiency is just as harmful as the excess. From its precious properties, we draw primarily in the summer while staying in the sun, while in other seasons you should take care of a appropriate diet and implement vitamin D supplementation. The proper level of vitamin D in the human body results in proper bone mineralization, regulates the endocrine function of the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland and pituitary glands. It acts as an anti-proliferative factor of some tumor such as melanoma, breast, prostate, colon, and increases differentiation and inhibits apoptosis of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and skin melanocytes. It has an influence on the proper functioning of many systems and regulates the immune response.

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Glucan and Vitamin D supplementation showed synergy in improvements of the immune response against an influenza challenge in mice

10.46439/nutrition.1.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation

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Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin D-Mediated Immunomodulation

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v10i0.2097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 2097

Author(s):

Farhan Khashim Alswailmi ◽

Syed Imran Ali Shah ◽

Haleema Nawaz ◽

Ghassab Mohammad Al-Mazaideh

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Relevant Research ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Current Review ◽

Wide Range ◽

Research Findings ◽

Multiple Health

Ever since discovering the fat-soluble secosteroid vitamin D, an abundance of research has been conducted on the molecular mechanisms for the multiple health benefits of this nutrient. Studies on the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation have found appreciable evidence suggesting that it may play a more prime role than initially presumed. Though it has largely been implicated in bone pathophysiology, novel research on vitamin D indicates its fundamental involvement in a wide range of disease processes through its multiple systemic effects, including but not limited to metabolic, cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immune actions. Recent work has yielded important mechanistic insights into the functions of vitamin D in mediating immunity. The present work sheds light on the metabolism and immune response mechanisms of vitamin D. Current review is based on a thorough search of the available relevant research findings of the metabolic transformations of vitamin D and the molecular basis of its role in immunity. Apart from its classical mechanistic control of mineral homeostasis, vitamin D has immunomodulatory effects through various mechanisms at both systemic and cellular levels. Disruption of vitamin D reliant molecular pathways in the regulation of immune response can potentially result in the development and/or progression of autoimmune and infective processes.[GMJ.2021;10:e2097]

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Use of Vitamin D and other Dietary Supplements by Finnish Children at the Age of 2 and 3 Years

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.74.1.27 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marjamäki ◽

Räsänen ◽

Uusitalo ◽

Ahonen ◽

Veijola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Parental Education ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Food Record ◽

Supplement Use

The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of the use of vitamin D and other dietary supplements by Finnish children at the age of 2 and 3 years, to evaluate daily nutrient intake from supplements, and to investigate the relation between supplement use and various sociodemographic factors. The families of 534 newborn infants were invited to a birth cohort study in 1996–1997. Families of 292 children at the child's age of 2 years and families of 263 children at the age of 3 years completed a three-day food record from which the daily use of dietary supplements was calculated. The frequency of dietary supplement use was 50% among the two-year-olds, and 37% among the three-year-old children. The most commonly used supplements among the two-year-olds were vitamin D or vitamin A+D combination (38%) and fluoride (16%) and among the three-year-olds fluoride (19%) and multivitamins (16%), respectively. Intake of nutrients other than vitamin D or fluoride from supplements was rare among two-year-olds, whereas 16% of the three-year-olds received also vitamin A, C, E, and several group B vitamins. Mean daily intake of vitamin D from supplements was 6.7 mug at the age of 2 years and 5.3 mug at the age of 3 years, respectively. The level of parental education was positively associated with the child's vitamin D supplementation at the age of 2 years. As the compliance with national recommendations of vitamin D supplementation was low, intensified counseling of the parents is needed at the well-baby clinics in Finland.

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Prophylactic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in COVID-19: A Review

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.4.943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Mehrie Harshad Patel ◽

Sakshi Mishra ◽

Ketul S. Barot ◽

Saloni H. Naik ◽

Angelina Browne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Therapeutic Role ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Tract Infections

Looking at the current scenario of the global pandemic with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the dramatic rise of variant COVID-19 cases it is reasonable to reason that one’s immunity (innate, adaptive, or passive) plays a vital role in an individual’s susceptibility as well as the severity. While the population is getting passively immunized with vaccination, the innate and adaptive immune response should also be emphasized. Vitamins and minerals play an important role in developing and modulating the immune response in the human body. Of which, one is, Vitamin D. Besides playing a major role in Calcium metabolism, Vitamin D is involved in modulating various immune system pathways to contain the virus, which includes dampening Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry and replication, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, increasing the synthesis of a natural antimicrobial peptide, and activating protective cells such as macrophages that can kill SARS-CoV-2. Vitamin D also possesses a neuroprotective property that is linked to the modulation of neurotrophins. In the current situation of the pandemic, an important connection between Vitamin D deficiency and poor health outcomes in COVID-19 patients have been reported. Furthermore, adequate Vitamin D levels were linked to a lower risk of unconsciousness and hypoxia. Vitamin D deficiency affects over half of the world's population. A low serum concentration of Vitamin D is a risk factor for acute respiratory tract infection. Vitamin D supplementation, on the other hand, is linked to a reduced risk of acute respiratory tract infections. Here, we conducted a literature review of publicly available information to summarize the link between Vitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19 infection. The main objective of this manuscript is to review and provide information reported by published literature from publically available papers on online databases regarding the significance of Vitamin D in immune response and its prophylactic and therapeutic role in the management of COVID-19.

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Effect of Vitamin D Supplements on Relapse of Digestive Tract Cancer with Tumor Stromal Immune Response: A Secondary Analysis of the AMATERASU Randomized Clinical Trial

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13184708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4708

Author(s):

Taisuke Akutsu ◽

Kazuki Kanno ◽

Shinya Okada ◽

Hironori Ohdaira ◽

Yutaka Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Tumor Stroma ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Digestive Tract Cancer ◽

Tract Cancer ◽

Risk Of Relapse

The aim was to examine whether vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU/day) reduces the risk of relapse in a subgroup of patients with digestive tract cancer, showing a sufficient immune response in tumor stroma by conducting secondary subgroup analyses of the AMATERASU randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (UMIN000001977). A total of 372 patients were divided into two subgroups stratified by the median density of immune cells infiltrating in tumor stroma into higher and lower halves. In the higher-half subgroup of CD56+ cells, the relapse ratio was significantly lower in the vitamin D group (7.4%) than in the placebo group (20.5%) (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR), 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15–0.82), but it was equivalent (25.2% vs. 22.7%) in the lower-half subgroup of CD56+ cells (SHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.68–2.19) with a significant interaction (Pinteraction = 0.02). Although there were no significant differences, the risk of relapse was lower in the vitamin D group than in the placebo group in the higher half of CD45RO+ memory T cells (8.9% vs. 19.2%), and of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (11.3% vs. 22.5%). In patients with digestive tract cancer, vitamin D supplementation was hypothesized to reduce the risk of relapse in the subgroup of patients who already have an adequate infiltration of immune cells in their tumor stroma.

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The role of vitamin A and vitamin D in the modulation of the immune response with focus on innate lymphoid cells

Central European Journal of Immunology ◽

10.5114/ceji.2021.103540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 264-269

Author(s):

Tanja Džopalić ◽

Biljana Božić-Nedeljković ◽

Vladimir Jurišić

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽

Lymphoid Cells

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