scholarly journals Factors affecting hydraulic conductivity and methods to measure in plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
Da-li GENG ◽  
Lei LI ◽  
Yu-sen YANG ◽  
Feng-wang MA ◽  
Qing-mei GUAN
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Comparison of three measurement methods of saturated hydraulic condutivity

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fallico ◽  
E. Migliari ◽  
S. Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract. After pointing out the importance of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) measurements and the difficulties and uncertainties that are present, and after recalling salient aspects of three well-known measurement methods of this parameter (i.e. constant-head tension infiltrometer (TI) method, constant-head pressure infiltrometer (PI) method and soil core (SC) estimates method), the results of an investigation on data which were obtained during a measurement campaign on an area of 800 m2, on a sandy loam hillslope, located in Southern Italy, were carried out again here. Three sets of values of ks, obtained with these measurement methods, were analyzed statistically, verifying that the log-normal distribution describes these better than the normal one; moreover, the more significant statistical parameters of each set were compared (average value , amplitude A, coefficient of variation CV and standard deviation SD), individualizing the more significant differences. The greatest value of hydraulic conductivity was found with method (PI), while the smallest with (SC) and the intermediate with (TI); these differences were translated into macroporosity and into the influence of the single measurement method. Moreover, referring to the possible factors affecting the results, the importance can be noted of the structure, the texture and the soil events, in terms of utilization, which can affect the measure of ks leading often to very different values even for similar soils, but with a different history, independently of the coincidence of the measurement points and they can be determining to explain the differences affecting the results obtained in analogous investigations by other researchers. Having confirmed that generalization is not possible, the need was emphasized to adopt the necessary devices relating to the specific measurement method, case by case, and to carefully explain the obtained results, in the light of the peculiarities and the limits of each situation. Finally, the results of similar statistical analysis carried out on a greater number of ks values, measured through the (TI) and (PI) methods are shown in this paper, with some statistical considerations on the increasing of the measurements number.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Runoff Retention Performance of Extensive Green Roofs

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwei Gong ◽  
Dingkun Yin ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Junqi Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Drainage Layer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Extensive Green Roofs

The runoff retention effectiveness of 10 extensive green roof (EGR) modules (100 mm substrate planted Sedum lineare Thunb.) were analyzed in Beijing for 22 rainfall events (2.4–46.4 mm) from 1 July to 30 September 2017. Differences between minimum inter-event dry periods, module scales, substrate hydraulic conductivity and depths, drainage layer types and rainfall characteristics were examined to study their correlation to the retention performance of EGRs. In general, EGRs with lower substrate hydraulic conductivity, deeper substrate and lower rainfall depth had higher runoff retention performance. By comparsion, no siginificant correlation was found between rainfall duration, prior dry period, average rainfall intensity, drainage layer type and EGR runoff retention rate. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests supported these results. Low or moderate rainfall (<15 mm) may or may not have an effect, but heavy rainfall (>25 mm) definitely affects the EGR retention performance of the next rainfall event.

scholarly journals Soil-Water Characteristic Curves And Hydraulic Conductivity of Gaomiaozi Bentonite Pellet-Contained Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Zhu ◽  
Zhenyan Su ◽  
Huyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Characteristic Curves ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curves ◽  
High Level

Abstract The bentonite pellet-contained material (PCM) is a feasible material for the joint sealing of high-level radioactive waste repository. During the operation of the repository, the PCM will be unsaturated for a long time, and its water retention and permeability directly affect the buffer barrier seepage, nuclide migration, and joint healing. Moreover, the particle size of bentonite pellets and dry density are important factors affecting the performance of PCM. In this work, the pressure plate method and vapour equilibrium technique were utilized to test the soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) of the PCMs with different particle sizes and dry densities. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the PCMs was predicted by combining the SWCC model and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that in the low suction range (20–1150 kPa), the dry density and particle size had a negative correlation with the water content at the same suction. In the high suction range (4200–309000 kPa), the dry density and particle size had little effect on the SWCC. The Gardner model was appropriate for describing the SWCC of PCM. In addition, the hydraulic conductivity of the PCM decreased with the increase in dry density, while increased with the increase in particle size. The influence mechanism of the SWCC and hydraulic conductivity was further discussed based on the scanning electron microscopy images and pore size distribution curves.

scholarly journals Two imbibition properties independently influence the cultivar-specific flooding tolerance of dried soybean seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Jitsuyama ◽  
Yuma Hagihara ◽  
Yutaro Konno
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Capillary Imbibition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSoybean seeds are prone to flooding injury just after planting if they are exposed to excess moisture. We investigated the flooding tolerance of soybean seeds to clarify the relationship between flooding injury and imbibition, to identify factors that could provide fundamental information for the breeding of flooding-tolerant cultivars. Seven cultivars were used for this study. The seeds were geminated in a paper towel after a flooding treatment and then evaluated for survival. The imbibition of submerged seeds (passive imbibition) was evaluated as the seed fresh weight change during the flooding process. The imbibition of seeds with capillary effect (capillary imbibition) was measured by the bottom water supply method. Furthermore, the conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity were measured. After 3 h of flooding, significant differences in survival were detected among cultivars. In addition, the passive imbibition during 10–30 min of flooding, and the capillary imbibition during 0–10 min of flooding were caused by significant differences in the imbibition rate among cultivars. Although neither imbibition showed a significant correlation with the survival directly, the ratio between the passive and the capillary imbibition rate was significantly correlated with survival. Factors affecting imbibition included the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, which were significantly correlated with the passive and the capillary imbibition rate, respectively. Thus, the balance between the capillary and passive imbibition behaviour of seeds, affected by the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, was closely correlated with the occurrence of flooding injury in soybean seeds.

scholarly journals Estimation on migration characteristics of leachate using analysis of hydraulic conductivity at bioreactor landfill

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Choi ◽  
Yong Choi ◽  
Seung-Whee Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Migration Time ◽  
Bioreactor Landfill ◽  
Leachate Recirculation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Recirculation Zones ◽  
The Relationship

In bioreactor landfill, moisture content is one of the most important factors affecting the migration of leachate. The migration characteristics of leachate in the Sudokwon landfill site was estimated by examining relationships among self-loading weight of waste (waste weight load), bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and moisture content of the landfilled waste. Experimental zones in the Sudokwon landfill were divided into leachate recirculation zones (3-C and 4-C zone) and reference zone (3-D zone). The volume of the leachate recirculation was 207 m3 d-1 for 12 months in the 3-C zone and 190 m3 d-1 for 3 months in the 4-C zone. A logarithmic graph can describe the relationship between waste weight load and bulk density by moisture content. However, both the relationship between bulk density and hydraulic conductivity and the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and waste weight load can be expressed by an exponential graph. Through these relationships, generalised equations for hydraulic conductivity were established using moisture content and waste weight load. The hydraulic conductivity calculated from the generalised equation in the leachate recirculation zone was estimated to be 6.27 × 10-4 cm s-1 in the 3-C zone and 4.43 × 10-4 cm s-1 in the 4-C zone. The migration time of leachate in the leachate recirculation zone was estimated to be 64.2 days in the 3-C zone and 94.5 days in the 4-C zone, respectively.

scholarly journals GIS-based DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC indices for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Baghin aquifer, Kerman, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351-2363
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Majid Nozari
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Sensibility Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The present study estimates the Kerman–Baghin aquifer vulnerability using DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC (CDRASTIC) indices with the aid of geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Factors affecting the transfer of contamination, including water table depth, soil media, aquifer media, the impact of the vadose zone, topography, hydraulic conductivity, and land use, were used to calculate the DRASTIC and CDRASTIC indices. A sensitivity test was also performed to determine the sensitivity of the parameters. Results showed that the topographic layer displays a gentle slope in the aquifer. Most of the aquifer was covered with irrigated field crops and grassland with a moderate vegetation cover. In addition, the aquifer vulnerability maps indicated very similar results, identifying the north-west parts of the aquifer as areas with high to very high vulnerability. The map removal sensibility analysis (MRSA) revealed the impact of the vadose zone (in the DRASTIC index) and hydraulic conductivity (in the CDRASTIC index) as the most important parameters in vulnerability evaluation. In both indices, the single-parameter sensibility analysis (SPSA) demonstrated net recharge as the most effective factor in vulnerability estimation. According to the results, parts of the studied aquifer have a high vulnerability and require protective measures.

scholarly journals Modelling The Effect of Hydraulic Conductivity on One Dimensional Contaminant Transport in RBF System

MATEMATIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Mustafa Shaymaa ◽  
Zainal Abdul Aziz ◽  
Arifah Bahar ◽  
Mohd Khairul Nizar Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
Contaminant Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Significant Factors

Riverbank filtration (RBF) system is a surface water technology that is based on the natural treatment of filtration instead of the use of chemicals, to pretreat surface water and provides public water supplies. Hydraulic conductivity value is one of the significant factors affecting the water quality in RBF systems.In this article, an analytical modelling is developed to investigate the effect of this parameter on one dimensional contaminant transport in RBF system. The model is solved by using Green’s function approach. The model is applied for the first RBF system conducted in Malaysia. Generally, the results show that increasing the hydraulic conductivity value lead to an increase in contaminant concentration inpumping well area.

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