scholarly journals Estimation on migration characteristics of leachate using analysis of hydraulic conductivity at bioreactor landfill

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Hyeong-Jin Choi ◽  
Yong Choi ◽  
Seung-Whee Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Migration Time ◽  
Bioreactor Landfill ◽  
Leachate Recirculation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Recirculation Zones ◽  
The Relationship

In bioreactor landfill, moisture content is one of the most important factors affecting the migration of leachate. The migration characteristics of leachate in the Sudokwon landfill site was estimated by examining relationships among self-loading weight of waste (waste weight load), bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and moisture content of the landfilled waste. Experimental zones in the Sudokwon landfill were divided into leachate recirculation zones (3-C and 4-C zone) and reference zone (3-D zone). The volume of the leachate recirculation was 207 m3 d-1 for 12 months in the 3-C zone and 190 m3 d-1 for 3 months in the 4-C zone. A logarithmic graph can describe the relationship between waste weight load and bulk density by moisture content. However, both the relationship between bulk density and hydraulic conductivity and the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and waste weight load can be expressed by an exponential graph. Through these relationships, generalised equations for hydraulic conductivity were established using moisture content and waste weight load. The hydraulic conductivity calculated from the generalised equation in the leachate recirculation zone was estimated to be 6.27 × 10-4 cm s-1 in the 3-C zone and 4.43 × 10-4 cm s-1 in the 4-C zone. The migration time of leachate in the leachate recirculation zone was estimated to be 64.2 days in the 3-C zone and 94.5 days in the 4-C zone, respectively.

Flow recirculation zone length and shear rate are differentially affected by stenosis severity in human coronary arteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (4) ◽  
pp. H559-H566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Javadzadegan ◽  
Andy S. C. Yong ◽  
Michael Chang ◽  
Austin C. C. Ng ◽  
John Yiannikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Flow Recirculation ◽  
Stenosis Severity ◽  
Recirculation Zones ◽  
The Relationship

Flow recirculation zones and shear rate are associated with distinct pathogenic biological pathways relevant to thrombosis and atherogenesis. The interaction between stenosis severity and lesion eccentricity in determining the length of flow recirculation zones and peak shear rate in human coronary arteries in vivo is unclear. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed under resting and hyperemic conditions on computer-generated models and three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of coronary arteriograms of 25 patients. Boundary conditions for 3-D reconstructions simulations were obtained by direct measurements using a pressure-temperature sensor guidewire. In the computer-generated models, stenosis severity and lesion eccentricity were strongly associated with recirculation zone length and maximum shear rate. In the 3-D reconstructions, eccentricity increased recirculation zone length and shear rate when lesions of the same stenosis severity were compared. However, across the whole population of coronary lesions, eccentricity did not correlate with recirculation zone length or shear rate ( P = not signficant for both), whereas stenosis severity correlated strongly with both parameters ( r = 0.97, P < 0.001, and r = 0.96, P < 0.001, respectively). Nonlinear regression analyses demonstrated that the relationship between stenosis severity and peak shear was exponential, whereas the relationship between stenosis severity and recirculation zone length was sigmoidal, with an apparent threshold effect, demonstrating a steep increase in recirculation zone length between 40% and 60% diameter stenosis. Increasing stenosis severity and lesion eccentricity can both increase flow recirculation and shear rate in human coronary arteries. Flow recirculation is much more sensitive to mild changes in the severity of intermediate stenoses than is peak shear.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK GAMBUT PEDALAMAN PADA LABORATORIUM ALAM HUTAN GAMBUT SEBANGAU, KALIMANTAN TENGAHThe Physical Properties Of Inland Peat In Natural Laboratory Of Peat Swamp Forest (LAHG) Sebangau, Central Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Yonodius Paskalis Bay ◽  
Nina Yulianti ◽  
Suparno Suparno ◽  
Fengky Florante Adji ◽  
Zafrullah Damanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Peat Area

Indonesia has the largest peat area in the tropical zone, which estimated about 21 million ha, with a percentage of 70% of the peat area in Southeast Asia and 50% of the world's tropical peatlands. This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of soil in each layer of soil and land cover in inland peat swamp forests in LAHG in Central Kalimantan. The research used the profile method (minipit) measuring 120 cm x 120 cm. Each location is given 3 plots on 2 (two) land cover  namely forest and burnt area. The research location is in LAHG. This research was conducted in July-December 2020. Samples were analyzed at the Banjarbaru Research and Development Laboratory. The parameters observed were bulk density, moisture content, fiber content, soil color, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity. The research data were analyzed statistically by means of regression and correlation analysis. The results showed that the study of the physical properties of inland peat soil in the forest had bulk density ranging from 0.10 to 0.15 g / cm-3, moisture content 541.18-910.00%, fiber content 8-40%, infiltration -0 , 58-29.27 ml / hour, hydraulic conductivity 2.4-66.6 cm / hour with reddish black soil color. Whereas on burnt land, bulk density ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 g / cm-3, moisture content was 500.00-916.67%, fiber content was 12-52%, infiltration was -3.19-60.99 ml. / hr, hydraulic conductivity 2.4-30.6 cm / hr with dark black soil color. The study relationship pattern shows positive and negative.

scholarly journals Relationship between Water Activity and Moisture Content in Floral Honey

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiachung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
T Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regression Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

The water activity (Aw) and moisture content (MC) data of floral honey at five temperatures were determined using the Aw method and it was found that temperature significantly affected the Aw/MC data. The linear equation could be used to express the relationship between Aw and MC of honeys. The empirical regression equations between parameters and temperature were established. To evaluate the factors affecting the Aw/MC data, we used categorical tests of regression analysis to assess the effect of the correlation between Aw and MC of honey and examined the factors affecting the regression parameters. Six datasets from five countries were selected from the literature. The significance of the levels of qualitative categories was tested by t-test. The slope of the relationship between Aw and MC was affected by the state of honey (liquid and crystallized). The intercepts were significantly affected by honey type (flower or honeydew), harvesting year, geographical collection site, botanical source and other factors. The outliers in the datasets significantly affected the results. With modern regression analysis, useful information on the correlation between Aw and MC could be found. The results indicated that no universal linear equation for Aw and MC could be used. The Aw value could be used as a criterion for the honey industry; then, the MC of honey could be calculated by the specific linear equation between Aw and MC.

scholarly journals Two imbibition properties independently influence the cultivar-specific flooding tolerance of dried soybean seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Jitsuyama ◽  
Yuma Hagihara ◽  
Yutaro Konno
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Capillary Imbibition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSoybean seeds are prone to flooding injury just after planting if they are exposed to excess moisture. We investigated the flooding tolerance of soybean seeds to clarify the relationship between flooding injury and imbibition, to identify factors that could provide fundamental information for the breeding of flooding-tolerant cultivars. Seven cultivars were used for this study. The seeds were geminated in a paper towel after a flooding treatment and then evaluated for survival. The imbibition of submerged seeds (passive imbibition) was evaluated as the seed fresh weight change during the flooding process. The imbibition of seeds with capillary effect (capillary imbibition) was measured by the bottom water supply method. Furthermore, the conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity were measured. After 3 h of flooding, significant differences in survival were detected among cultivars. In addition, the passive imbibition during 10–30 min of flooding, and the capillary imbibition during 0–10 min of flooding were caused by significant differences in the imbibition rate among cultivars. Although neither imbibition showed a significant correlation with the survival directly, the ratio between the passive and the capillary imbibition rate was significantly correlated with survival. Factors affecting imbibition included the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, which were significantly correlated with the passive and the capillary imbibition rate, respectively. Thus, the balance between the capillary and passive imbibition behaviour of seeds, affected by the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, was closely correlated with the occurrence of flooding injury in soybean seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of selected parameters on sectional expansion index and bulk density during the extrusion of chickpea instant semolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Angelova ◽  
Zh. Goranova ◽  
T. Petrova ◽  
N. Penov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
P Value ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Feed Screw ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Composite

A four-factor Response surface methodology central composite rotatable design was used to study the effect of moisture content, barrel temperature, screw speed, and feed screw speed on sectional expansion index and bulk density during extrusion of chickpea instant semolina for the purpose of instant product. The regression models for the investigated responses were highly significant (according to P-value) with satisfactory coefficients of determination (R2) 0.894 and 0.957. These results show that the predicted models for the investigated responses are adequate, indicating that the second-order polynomial model could be effectively used to represent the relationship between the selected parameters. The study showed that the expansion was influenced by moisture and temperature and it increased with increasing temperature for moisture content from 20 to 23% and after that decreased. Bulk density decreased with increasing feed moisture and barrel temperature in the extruder. The most important consequences for the science and practice resulting from the conducted research are that the resulting extrudates after grinding can be successfully used for the preparation of instant product with good characteristics, such as bulk density and sectional expansion index.

Factors Affecting the Precision of Moisture Measurement in Grain and Related Crops

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
W Haward Hunt ◽  
M H Neustadt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Moisture Measurement ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Moisture content is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of grain. Many types and makes of moisturemeasuring devices have been tested to establish a practical method of moisture measurement. Oven methods, used as standards to calibrate these devices, are empirical. Factors affecting the precision of moisture determinations by oven methods are discussed in detail. Since the relationship between moisture content and electrical properties may vary considerably at times, factors affecting the accuracy of electrical moisture meters are also discussed.

scholarly journals Variability of soil physical and hydraulic properties along a toposequence in the coastal lowlands of Rio de Janeiro

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
João Henrique Gaia-Gomes ◽  
Carlos Roberto Pinheiro Junior ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Wilk Sampaio de Almeida ◽  
Geuzimar Terração Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Coastal Lowlands

Soil physical and hydraulic properties are interdependent, and soil-use planning and management are complicated by the high variability of these attributes. The current study assessed the variability of physical and hydraulic properties of soils along a toposequence located in a forest fragment under spontaneous regeneration in the coastal lowlands of Rio de Janeiro. Four soil profiles were selected, and samples were collected from surface and subsurface horizons for determination of moisture content, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, hydraulic conductivity, texture, and soil resistance to penetration (measured using benchtop and field penetrometers). Exploratory and principal component analyses were performed, and descriptive parameters and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. In A horizons of profiles 3 (Planossolo) and 4 (Gleissolo), clay contents ranged from 59.0 to 577.0 g kg-1, moisture contents from 1.5 to 16.4%, and microporosity from 10.4 to 46.2%, respectively. Field- and laboratory-measured penetration resistances showed a stronger association with profile 1 (Argissolo); however, values were not sufficiently high to limit root development. The variability in soil physical and hydraulic properties in short slopes is high, mainly in terms of hydraulic conductivity, moisture, microporosity, and clay content. The greater variability of soil physical and hydraulic properties in lowland is attributed to clay and silt fractions, microporosity, and moisture content. The increment in clay content with depth increases bulk density and resistance to root penetration.

scholarly journals Wood hydraulic characteristics of pioneers/early secondary and non-pioneer species

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Ana Tereza Durão Galão ◽  
Diego Romeiro ◽  
Luís Alberto Bucci ◽  
Guillermo Angeles ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Longui
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Cariniana Legalis ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
The Relationship

We aimed to determine any differences in hydraulic conductivity between pioneer species/early secondary and non-pioneers. To make this determination, we measured maximum vessel length (Mvl), specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks), percentage of embolized vessels (Pev), leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kl) and wood density at equilibrium moisture content-12% (Wd12). The pioneer/early secondary species we examined were Guazuma ulmifolia, Inga marginata and Maclura tinctoria. The non-pioneers we examined were Paubrasilia echinata, Cariniana legalis and Myroxylon peruiferum. The results were submitted to statistical analyses, including multiple comparison tests and t test, to verify differences between successional groups and regression analysis to verify the relationship between Ks and the other variables. Pioneer species had higher Ks than non-pioneers. Non-pioneers had a higher percentage of embolized vessels and wood density. Successional groups did not differ in Mvl, which is positively related to hydraulic conductivity in both successional groups since the percentage of embolized vessels was related negatively. Wood density is positively related to Ks in non-pioneer species, while a negative correlation was observed between Ks and Kl in the pioneer species.

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