scholarly journals Changes in organic C stability within soil aggregates under different fertilization patterns in a greenhouse vegetable field

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2758-2771
Author(s):  
Hao-an LUAN ◽  
Shuo YUAN ◽  
Wei GAO ◽  
Ji-wei TANG ◽  
Ruo-nan LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Vegetable Field ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

Quality of soil from the nickel mining area of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, engineered using earthworms (Pheretima sp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2995-3005
Author(s):  
Hasbullah Syaf ◽  
Muhammad Albar Pattah ◽  
Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Nickel Mining

Earthworms (Pheretima sp.) could survive under abiotic stress soil conditions. Furthermore, their activities as ecosystem engineers allow for the creation of soil biostructures with new characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the abundance of Pheretima sp. on the aggregate size, physicochemistry, and biology of the topsoil from the nickel mining area of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was carried out by first grouping their abundance into zero, two, four, six, and eight individuals per pot and then carrying out tests. The Pheretima sp. were then released onto the surface of the topsoil and mixed with biochar that was saturated with tap water in the pot overnight. The results showed that the abundance of the species had a significant effect on the size class distribution, and aggregate stability of the soil. Furthermore, the size of the soil aggregates formed was dominated by the size class 2.83 - 4.75 mm under both dry and wet conditions. Under dry conditions, three size classes were found, while under wet conditions, there were five size classes. The results also showed that the highest and lowest stability indexes occurred with zero and eight Pheretima sp., respectively. Furthermore, the abundance had a significant effect on pH, organic C, total N, CEC, and total nematodes. However, it had no significant effect on the total P, C/N ratio, total AMF spores, and flagellate. The highest soil pH occurred with zero Pheretima sp., while with six and two members of the species, the total nematode was at its highest and lowest populations, respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that the species was able to create novel conditions in the topsoils at the nickel mining area that were suitable for various soil biota.

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration and turnover in aggregates under subtropical leucaena–grass pastures

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Conrad ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Ryosuke Fujinuma ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sequestration ◽  
C And N

Stabilisation and protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) in macroaggregates and microaggregates represents an important mechanism for the sequestration of SOC. Legume-based grass pastures have the potential to contribute to aggregate formation and stabilisation, thereby leading to SOC sequestration. However, there is limited research on the C and N dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in deep-rooted legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)–grass pastures. We assessed the potential of leucaena to sequester carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates by estimating the origin, quantity and distribution in the soil profile. We utilised a chronosequence (0–40 years) of seasonally grazed leucaena stands (3–6 m rows), which were sampled to a depth of 0.3 m at 0.1-m intervals. The soil was wet-sieved for different aggregate sizes (large macroaggregates, >2000 µm; small macroaggregates, 250–2000 µm; microaggregates, 53–250 µm; and <53 µm), including occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) within macroaggregates (>250 µm), and then analysed for organic C, N and δ13C and δ15N. Leucaena promoted aggregation, which increased with the age of the leucaena stands, and in particular the formation of large macroaggregates compared with grass in the upper 0.2 m. Macroaggregates contained a greater SOC stock than microaggregates, principally as a function of the soil mass distribution. The oPOM-C and -N concentrations were highest in macroaggregates at all depths. The acid nonhydrolysable C and N distribution (recalcitrant SOM) provided no clear distinction in stabilisation of SOM between pastures. Leucaena- and possibly other legume-based grass pastures have potential to sequester SOC through stabilisation and protection of oPOM within macroaggregates in soil.

Wettability of soil aggregates from cultivated and uncultivated Ustolls and Usterts

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Eynard ◽  
Thomas E. Schumacher ◽  
Michael J. Lindstrom ◽  
Douglas D. Malo ◽  
Robert A. Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Soil organic matter can modify the interaction of clay minerals with water, limiting the rate of water intake of swelling clays and stabilising soil aggregates. Soil structural stability and organic C content usually decrease with cultivation. Faster wetting increases stresses on aggregates and decreases stability. Aggregate wettabilities of prairie soils under 3 different management systems (grassland, no-till, and conventional-till) were compared in the Northern Great Plains of the USA. Six Ustolls and 2 Usterts were selected as replications along the Missouri River. Wettability was measured as water drop penetration time (WDPT) and as rate of water intake under 30 and 300 mm tension. At low tension, aggregates from both cultivated fields and uncultivated grasslands showed similar wettability. Water intake in grass aggregates was attributed to a greater amount of stable pores relative to cultivated aggregates. In cultivated aggregates, slaking created planes of failure that allowed rapid water entry. Differences of wettability between management systems at 300 mm tension (in Ustolls, grasslands had greater wettability than cultivated soils, 0.24 v. 0.17 g water/h.g dry soil) and between soil orders (Usterts had longer WDPT than Ustolls, 2.9 v. 1.7 s) were explained by both clay and organic C contents. Simple measurements of aggregate wettability may be effectively used for soil quality characterisation. Aggregate wettability is a desirable property for agricultural soils when it is related to stable porosity, as may be found in high organic matter soils (e.g. grasslands). Wettability is excessive when fast aggregate wetting results in aggregate destruction as observed in low organic matter cultivated soils.

Cultivation effects on dispersible clay of soil aggregates

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Fuller ◽  
Tee Boon Goh ◽  
D. W. Oscarson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of long-term cultivation on clay dispersibility of four aggregate size fractions (2.0–9.5 mm, 0.85–2.0 mm, 0.25–0.85 mm, and < 0.25 mm) obtained from a Chernozemic soil by comparing two cultivated sites with an adjacent native prairie site. Aggregate size fractions (ASF) were subjected to increasing levels of ultrasonic energy and the amount of clay dispersed at each energy level was determined. Organic carbon, hexose carbon, soluble hexose C, total clay, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations were measured for each ASF. Clay contained within prairie aggregates was held much more strongly within the aggregate and therefore showed greater stability towards dispersion by ultrasonic vibration. More energy was required to disperse one-half of the ASF clay under prairie than under cultivated soils (228–425, and 95–229 kJ L−1 for prairie and cultivated macroaggregates, respectively; 370–433, and 249–334 kJ L−1 for prairie and cultivated microaggregates, respectively). Clay dispersibility was significantly correlated with organic C, hexose C, soluble hexose C, non-hexose C, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Mg but was not correlated with total ASF clay. Long-term cultivation of this soil resulted in a decrease in the energy required to disperse an equivalent proportion of clay from aggregates relative to that of the grassland soil. Thus, cultivation of these soils has resulted in aggregates which are more susceptible to clay dispersion and therefore prone to water erosion and surface crusting. Key words: Clay dispersion, aggregation, carbohydrate

Soil aggregates and organic carbon affected by the land use change from rice paddy to vegetable field

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Dongsheng Guan ◽  
Renduo Zhang ◽  
Yujuan Chen ◽  
Yanting Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Vegetable Field

Responses of N2O production pathways and related functional microbes to temperature across greenhouse vegetable field soils

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 113904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Duan ◽  
Yanfeng Song ◽  
Shuangshuang Li ◽  
Zhengqin Xiong
Keyword(s):  
N2o Production ◽  
Vegetable Field ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, AND N AND P FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON CROP RESPONSE AND ON SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A BLACK CHERNOZEM OVER 25 YEARS IN A CONTINUOUS WHEAT ROTATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. NUTTALL ◽  
K. E. BOWREN ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Organic C ◽  
P Fertilizer

In the Black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies seedbed preparation is important for handling crop residues from high yields and for incorporating herbicides and fertilizers into soil in the fall or prior to seeding in spring. There are numerous tillage implements available to the producer for this operation. The question often arises as to the relative merits and demerits of using these implements, especially with respect to their effect on yield and on soil quality. A 25-yr (1959–1983) continuous spring wheat study was carried out at Melfort, Saskatchewan, in a split-plot design. The main plots were: four fall tillage implement treatments (plow, heavy duty cultivator, one-way disc and double disc), chopped straw in the fall and spring burn of straw. Four rates of fertilizer (0/0, 5/10, 22.5/10 and 45/10 kg ha−1 N/kg−1 ha−1 P) were subplots from 1959 to 1977; the fertilizer rates were doubled for 1978 to 1983. The results showed that there was no significant effect of tillage on yield but there was a significant fertilizer by tillage interaction. The spring burn treatment gave the highest yield (2073 kg ha−1) and the plow treatment the lowest yield (1963 kg ha−1). Fertilizer increased yields when moisture was adequate and either had no effect or depressed yields when precipitation was low. Only the plow treatment caused a loss of organic C and N. All tillage treatments increased the erosive fraction of the soil (fraction < 0.83 mm) compared to the chopped straw and spring burn treatment. The application of the 90/20 kg ha−1 rate of N and P fertilizer decreased the proportion of soil aggregates < 0.83 mm. There was no significant effect of tillage treatment on soil moisture conserved over the winter. There also was no tillage effect on NO3-N in the soil measured in the spring, but burning caused a significant increase in sodium bicarbonate-soluble P. The chopped straw treatment was concluded to be the best choice because the unincorporated residues will protect the soil best through the fall and winter and it is the easiest to implement. Where herbicides or fertilizers need to be fall-incorporated, any of the mechanical tillage implements except the plow should be equally suitable. Key words: Organic matter change, tillage, soil moisture, erodible aggregates, grain protein

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