Time trends for risk of severe age-related diseases in individuals with and without HIV infection in Denmark: a nationwide population-based cohort study

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are increasingly at risk of age-related comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). While DM is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity, understanding of DM among PLHIV is limited. We assessed the incidence of DM among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia (BC), Canada, during 2001–2013.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from a population-based cohort study linking clinical data and administrative health data. We included PLHIV who were antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve at baseline, and 1:5 age-sex-matched persons without HIV. All participants had ≥5 years of historic data pre-baseline and ≥1 year(s) of follow-up. DM was identified using the BC Ministry of Health’s definitions applied to hospitalisation, physician billing and drug dispensation datasets. Incident DM was identified using a 5-year run-in period. In addition to unadjusted incidence rates (IRs), we estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression and assessed annual trends in DM IRs per 1000 person years (PYs) between 2001 and 2013.ResultsA total of 129 PLHIV and 636 individuals without HIV developed DM over 17 529 PYs and 88,672 PYs, respectively. The unadjusted IRs of DM per 1000 PYs were 7.4 (95% CI 6.2 to 8.8) among PLHIV and 7.2 (95% CI 6.6 to 7.8) for individuals without HIV. After adjustment for confounding, HIV serostatus was not associated with DM incidence (adjusted IRR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.27). DM incidence did not increase over time among PLHIV (Kendall trend test: p=0.9369), but it increased among persons without HIV between 2001 and 2013 (p=0.0136).ConclusionsAfter adjustment, HIV serostatus was not associated with incidence of DM, between 2001 and 2013. Future studies should investigate the impact of ART on mitigating the potential risk of DM among PLHIV.

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Gender- and age-related differences of statin use on incident dementia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Nationwide population-based cohort study

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-021-01465-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsung-Kun Lin ◽

Jing-Yang Huang ◽

Lung-Fa Pan ◽

Gwo-Ping Jong

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Related ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Gender And Age ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background Some observational studies have found a significant association between the use of statin and a reduced risk of dementia. However, the results of these studies are unclear in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is to determine the association between the use of statins and the incidence of dementia according to sex and age-related differences in patients with RA. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2003–2016). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of dementia by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of new-onset dementia. Subgroup analysis was also conducted. Results Among the 264,036 eligible patients with RA aged > 40 years, statin users were compared with non-statin users by propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:1 (25,764 in each group). However, no association was found between the use of statins and the risk of new-onset dementia (NOD) in patients with RA (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97–1.06). The subgroup analysis identified the use of statin as having a protective effect against developing NOD in male and older patients. Conclusion No association was observed between the use of a statin and the risk of NOD in patients with RA, including patients of both genders and aged 40–60 years, but these parameters were affected by gender and age. The decreased risk of NOD in patients with RA was greater among older male patients. Use of a statin in older male (> 60 years) patients with RA may be needed in clinical practice to prevent dementia.

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Gender- and Age-related Differences of Statin Use on Incident Dementia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-249981/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tsung-Kun Lin ◽

Jing-Yang Huang ◽

Lung-Fa Pan ◽

Gwo-Ping Jong

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Older Patients ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Related ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Gender And Age ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background: Some observational studies have found a significant association between the use of statin and a reduced risk of dementia. However, the results of these studies are unclear in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is to determine the association between the use of statins and the incidence of dementia according to sex and age-related differences in patients with RA.Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2003–2016). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of dementia by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of new-onset dementia. Subgroup analysis was also conducted.Results: Among the 264,036 eligible patients with RA aged > 40 years, statin users were compared with non-statin users by propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:1 (25,764 in each group). However, no association was found between the use of statins and the risk of new-onset dementia (NOD) in patients with RA (HR: 1.01; 95%CI: 0.97–1.06). The subgroup analysis identified the use of statin as having a protective effect against developing NOD in male and older patients.Conclusion: There is no association between the use of statin and the risk of NOD in patients with RA, but these parameters are influenced by gender and age. The decreased risk of NOD in patients with RA was greater among male and older patients. The use of statin in older male patients with RA for the prevention of dementia may be needed in clinical practice.

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Time Trends in Diagnostics and Clinical Features of Young Children Referred on Suspicion of Autism: A Population-Based Clinical Cohort Study, 2000–2010

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-020-04555-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Højslev Avlund ◽

Per Hove Thomsen ◽

Diana Schendel ◽

Meta Jørgensen ◽

Loa Clausen

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Young Children ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Time Trends ◽

Population Based ◽

Clinical Cohort

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HIV infection is strongly associated with hip fracture risk, independently of age, gender, and comorbidities: A population-based cohort study

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1002/jbmr.1874 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1259-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Robert Güerri-Fernandez ◽

Peter Vestergaard ◽

Cristina Carbonell ◽

Hernando Knobel ◽

Francesc Fina Avilés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Hip Fracture Risk

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Thyroid function and age-related macular degeneration: a prospective population-based cohort study - the Rotterdam Study

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-015-0329-0 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Layal Chaker ◽

Gabriëlle HS Buitendijk ◽

Abbas Dehghan ◽

Marco Medici ◽

Albert Hofman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Rotterdam Study ◽

Age Related

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BODY MASS INDEX TRAJECTORY BEFORE DEATH IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS. POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

10.1101/2021.05.21.21257579 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hari Venkatesh Pai ◽

Martin C Gulliford

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Housing Tenure ◽

Age Related ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background and objective: Both low and high body mass index (BMI) have been associated with greater mortality in older adults. This study evaluated the trajectory of BMI in the final years of life. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Community-dwelling adults in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing between 1998 and 2012. Measurements: Body mass index, years before death and all-cause mortality. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, housing tenure and social class. Results: Data were analysed for 16,924 participants with 31,857 BMI records; mean age at study start, 61.6 (SD 10.9) years; mean BMI, 27.5 (4.7) Kg/m2. There were 3,686 participants (4,794 BMI records) who died and 13,238 participants (27,063 BMI records) who were alive at last follow-up. Mean BMI increased with age to 60-69 years but then declined, but the age-related decline was more rapid in decedents. At ages 80-89 years, mean BMI in decedents was 26.1 (4.7) compared with 27.1 (4.4) Kg/m2 in survivors. After adjusting for age and covariates, mean BMI declined in the five years before death. From 9 to 5 years before death or end of study, adjusted mean BMI was 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.78) Kg/m2 lower for decedents than survivors; and from four to zero years before death, 1.55 (1.26 to 1.84) Kg/m2 lower in decedents. Conclusions: In community-dwelling older adults, mean body mass index enters an accelerating decline during five years before death. Reverse causation may account for the association of lower BMI with mortality.

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Association Between Silymarin Use and Age-related Macular Degeneration in Patients With Chronic Hepatic Diseases: a Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-993679/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mu-Ming Chien ◽

Hsiu-Chen Lin ◽

Li-Fen Lee ◽

Joseph Jordan Keller ◽

Li-Hsuan Wang

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Population Based ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Defined Daily Dose ◽

Hepatic Diseases ◽

Age Related

Abstract Silymarin is a bioflavonoid compound mostly used in patients with chronic hepatic diseases (CHDs). It has been shown to inhibit retinal angiogenesis in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, and no definite preventive measures for AMD exist at present. Through this study, we aimed to investigate whether the use of silymarin affects the risk of AMD in patients with CHDs. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of AMD in this population-based retrospective cohort study. The CHDs was associated with a higher risk of AMD (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.33, 95% CI 1.22–1.46), and the use of silymarin reduced the risk of AMD among patients with CHDs (aHR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67–0.87). A higher accumulative dose (defined daily dose [DDD] < 631 mg) of silymarin was associated with a lower risk of AMD, but the difference was nonsignificant. In conclusion, CHDs were associated with a higher incidence of AMD, and the use of silymarin was associated with a reduced risk of AMD in patients with CHDs. However, a higher accumulative DDD of silymarin did not reduce the risk of AMD.

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