Negotiating Copyright in the American Theatre: 1856–1951

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent S. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Business History ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
History Of

Drawing on fascinating archival discoveries from the past two centuries, Brent Salter shows how copyright has been negotiated in the American theatre. Who controls the space between authors and audiences? Does copyright law actually protect playwrights and help them make a living? At the center of these negotiations are mediating businesses with extraordinary power that rapidly evolved from the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries: agents, publishers, producers, labor associations, administrators, accountants, lawyers, government bureaucrats, and film studio executives. As these mediators asserted authority over creativity, creators organized to respond, through collective minimum contracts, informal guild expectations, and professional norms, to protect their presumed rights as authors. This institutional, relational, legal, and business history of the entertainment history in America illuminates both the historical context and the present law. An innovative new kind of intellectual property history, the book maps the relations between the different players from the ground up.

scholarly journals "We Never Knew":  The Differences between Museum History and  Academic History Explored through an  Exhibition of the New Zealand Wars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elspeth Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Academic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum History ◽  
Conducting Research

<p>Public history and academic history have been viewed both as opposites, two practices related only by their concern with sharing the past, as well as conceptualised as similar fields with close connections to each other. Museum history exhibitions are an obvious example of public history in action. However, is the history that exhibitions present all that different from what is produced in the academy, or is this history academia in another form? Initially this dissertation aimed to explore the relationships between academic and public histories as discipline and practice, assuming a relationship rather than divide between the two fields as suggested in some of the literature. However, the eventual results of the research were different than expected, and suggested that in fact public histories manifest very differently to academic histories within a museum context. Using an adapted ethnographic research methodology, this dissertation traces the development of a single history exhibition, "Te Ahi Kā Roa, Te Ahi Kātoro Taranaki War 1860–2010: Our Legacy – Our Challenge", from its concept development to opening day and onwards to public programmes. This exhibition opened at Puke Ariki in New Plymouth in March 2010, and was a provocative display not only of the history of the wars themselves, but of the legacy of warfare in the Taranaki community. Other methods include partially structured interviews which were conducted with ten people involved in creating this exhibition, who outlined their roles in its production and provided their views on its development, and also a brief analysis of the broader social and historical context in which the exhibition was staged. Through tracing the creation of this history, the findings suggested that the history produced at Puke Ariki is a history in its own right, with noticeable differences from academic histories. The strongest correlation between public and academic history in this instance was the shared aspiration to be rigorous in conducting research and, as far as possible, to create an accurate portrayal of the past. Otherwise the history created by Puke Ariki through the exhibition proved to be different in that it was deliberately designed to be very accessible, and it utilised a number of presentation modes, including objects, text, audiovisual and sound. It was interactive, and had a clear aim of enabling the audience to participate in a discussion about the history being presented. Finally, it was a highly politicised history, in that decision making had to be negotiated with source communities in a collaborative fashion, and issues of censorship worked through with the council, a major funding source. The dissertation concludes that producing history in a museum context is a dynamic and flexible process, and one that can be successful despite not necessarily following theoretical models of exhibition development.</p>

About the "supertask" ("sverhzadacha") of K. S. Stanislavsky... (about the history of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
I. I. Krivonosov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Method Acting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Term ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structural Methods ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
National Corpus

The article is devoted to the history of the appearance and functioning of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language. Two lines of the lexeme functioning were distinguished: the first is associated with the etymology of the word, the second – with its use by K. S. Stanislavsky in the terminology system and the further entry of the unit into general use on the basis of determinologization. It is interesting that the second meaning has acquired the most widespread use. Only in the past two decades, the word has begun to lose its connection with the process of artistic creation. The purpose of the study was to briefly review the history of the word: from its first fixation in the Russian language and application by K. S. Stanislavsky (to designate one of the key concepts of Method Acting) up to modern contexts of use. The entry of the lexeme into the language was investigated using structural methods. The methods of contextual and distributive analysis were used to analyse both the contexts in which Stanislavsky used this word and the process of its fixation in the National Corpus of the Russian language. Statistical analysis was used to trace the dynamics of integration of the lexeme into the Russian language and its fixation in various spheres. The methods of component and comparative analysis were used to describe the formation mechanism of the initial term in the historical context. Borrowings of the term supertask (sverhzadacha) were found in other languages, indicating the spread of Stanislavsky’s system. The conclusion is drawn that the word supertask (sverhzadacha) functions in the Russian language mainly as a term from Stanislavsky’s system, gradually becoming determinologized and returning to the meaning conveying the logical sum of its constituent components.

The Past as Present in the Drama of August Wilson

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Sandra G. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Future Generations ◽  
August Wilson ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Time, timing, and timelessness all converge in Harry J. Elam's The Past as Present in the Drama of August Wilson (2004), a major addition to Wilson studies at this profound juncture in the history of American theatre. First, Elam's study offers a sweeping retrospective of Wilson's blending of past and present time in his recently completed cycle of plays. Yet it is the timing of the book's release that affords it an added advantage. Though published in 2004, The Past as Present in the Drama of August Wilson can easily be regarded as a most fitting tribute to one of the great voices of the American stage. As the nation—indeed the world—mourns the sudden loss of August Wilson, current and future generations of scholars, students, educators, theatre practitioners, and lovers of theatre may find comfort in knowing that the foundation has already been laid for serious and sustained study of his phenomenal legacy and far-reaching influence. Elam's work adds a vital cornerstone to that foundation.

Recent Trends in the Business History of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Chinmay Tumbe
Keyword(s):  
Business History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
History Books

The past decade has seen a resurgence of interest in understanding Indian business history. A number of business history books have been published in the academic and nonacademic press. Special issues on India have appeared in leading field journals, more management schools in India and outside are engaging with the field, internship and fellowship opportunities have been initiated, and business archives have sprung up. This article documents these recent trends, examines the emerging scholarship, and identifies gaps that need to be addressed in the future.

scholarly journals Anger, Irony, and the Formal Rationality of Professionalism

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
American Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formal Rationality

One of the challenges in writing about the history of American law and political economy is determining the proper amount of historical context necessary to make sense of past institutional and organizational change. Where to begin and end a historical narrative and how much to include about the broader social, cultural, political, and economic conditions of a particular place and time are, of course, questions that accompany any attempt to reconstruct the past. How one addresses these issues invariably shapes the motives and intentions that can be ascribed to historical figures. In their eloquent and thoughtful comments, Christopher Capozzola and Michael Bernstein have urged me to think more carefully about these issues, about where my story begins and ends, about the broader social, political, and material circumstances that animated World War I state-building, and about the seemingly apolitical ideas and actions of the Treasury lawyers who are the center of “Lawyers, Guns, and Public Moneys.”

Anthropological thought in the wake of the French devolution:la Société des observateurs de l'homme

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kilborne
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Variation

In recent months a number of lively and stimulating papers have been published dealing with the meaning of history within the discipline of anthropology (Bermann 1978, Boon 1980, Cannon 1978, Cohn 1980, Higonnet 1980). In the literature, however, relatively little emphasis has been given to the variation in anthropological ideas within the tradition of anthropology. One very important aspect of such variation is to be found in the relationship between particular national cultural traditions and the development of anthropological ideas. Writers who have tended to see the history of the discipline in terms of biological paradigms, utilitarian behaviorism, and various conceptions of anthropology as 'objective' science, have failed to grasp adequately either the continuity or the range of variation within the anthropological tradition. Therefore, anthropologists and those thinking about the history of anthropology need to analyze anthropological ideas in historical context. Such an attempt to reconsider the past arouses opposition because it necessarily contradicts rationalist assumptions about anthropology as a science akin to the natural sciences, obedient to the laws of progress and independent of humanpreoccupations, a curious claim anyway for a science of man.

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

scholarly journals Retelling Copyright: The Contributions of the Restatement of Copyright Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne C. Fromer ◽  
Jessica Silbey
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dramatic Criticism ◽  
Federal Case ◽  
The Subject

The provisions at issue in the draft Restatement of Copyright Law on which ALI membership will vote at ALI’s upcoming annual meeting are central to copyright doctrine and have been the subject of numerous court decisions over the past several decades of technological and industry change: originality, fixation, categories of copyrightable subject matter, the idea-expression distinction, and authorship and ownership.  This abundance of legal activity on copyright law demonstrates the value to the profession of this project retelling copyright.  In contrast to the dramatic criticism of this Restatement project alleging political capture or illegitimate law reform, the draft’s provisions are routine and straightforward.  They will surprise no one and are almost boring in their adherence to and synthesis of the copyright statute and judicial interpretations of it. Far from being radical or ill-advised, the Restatement of Copyright Law is a reasonable and welcome addition to the work of the ALI. Part I of this Article situates the current Restatement of Copyright Law in the historical context of other ALI projects, drawing parallels in their purposes, processes, and political tensions. Part II describes the controversy over a “retelling” of copyright law as misguided insofar as it fails to account for the practice of interpretation as part of the practice of law that is constrained by professional standards.  Part III describes the analysis and exposition of the provisions of the draft portions of the Restatement of Copyright Law presented to the ALI membership for discussion and vote this year as unremarkable but also beneficial, achieving the ALI’s goals of clarification and simplification of the sprawling federal case law interpreting and applying the 1976 Copyright Act.

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

Jaspers’ ‘Critique of Psychoanalysis’: between past and future

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Rossi Monti
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Critical Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Karl Jaspers publishes his Critique for psychoanalysis in 1950. This contribution represents the culmination of a journey originated many years before with the publication of General Psychopathology in 1913. In order to better understand the culmination of Jaspers’ journey the Author will take the following points into consideration: the stages that marked the history of Jaspers’ critical thought; the historical context; the tone of his criticism and, finally, its content. The final part of this essay attempts to show how some of Jaspers’ critical observations on psychoanalysis should not be considered as a thing of the past, because they were and still are a fundamental topic of discussion and debate within the Freudian psychoanalytic movement (International Psychoanalytical Association).

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