scholarly journals Modeling ice birefringence and oblique radio wave propagation for neutrino detection at the South Pole

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (81) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Jordan ◽  
D. Z. Besson ◽  
I. Kravchenko ◽  
U. Latif ◽  
B. Madison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Neutrino Interaction ◽  
Crystallographic Axis ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Range Estimation ◽  
Ice Flow

AbstractThe Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment at the South Pole is designed to detect high-energy neutrinos which, via in-ice interactions, produce coherent radiation at frequencies up to 1000 MHz. Characterization of ice birefringence, and its effect upon wave polarization, is proposed to enable range estimation to a neutrino interaction and hence aid in neutrino energy reconstruction. Using radio transmitter calibration sources, the ARA collaboration recently measured polarization-dependent time delay variations and reported significant time delays for trajectories perpendicular to ice flow, but not parallel. To explain these observations, and assess the capability for range estimation, we use fabric data from the SPICE ice core to model ice birefringence and construct a bounding radio propagation model that predicts polarization time delays. We compare the model with new data from December 2018 and demonstrate that the measurements are consistent with the prevailing horizontal crystallographic axis aligned near-perpendicular to ice flow. The study supports the notion that range estimation can be performed for near flow-perpendicular trajectories, although tighter constraints on fabric orientation are desirable for improving the accuracy of estimates.

scholarly journals Updated results from the RICE experiment and future prospects for ultra-high energy neutrino detection at the south pole

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kravchenko ◽  
S. Hussain ◽  
D. Seckel ◽  
D. Besson ◽  
E. Fensholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The South ◽  
High Energy Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Energy Neutrino

scholarly journals On the age vs depth and optical clarity of deep ice at the South Pole

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (139) ◽  
pp. 445-454
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
High Energy Neutrino ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Energy Neutrino ◽  
Crystal Boundaries

AbstractThe first four strings of phototubes for the AMANDA high-energy neutrino observatory are now frozen in place at a depth of 800-1000 m in ice at the South Pole, During the 1995-96 season, as many as six more strings will be deployed at greater depths. Provided absorption, scattering and refraction of visible light are sufficiently small, the trajectory of a muon into which a neutrino converts can be determined by using the array of phototubes to measure the arrival times of Cherenkov light emitted by the muon. To help in deciding on the depth for implantation of the six new strings, we discuss models of age vs depth for South Pole ice, we estimate mean free paths for scattering from bubbles and dust as a function of depth and we assess distortion of light paths due to refraction at crystal boundaries and interfaces between air-hydrate inclusions and normal ice. We conclude that the interval 1600-2100 m will be suitably transparent for a future 1 km3 observatory except possibly in a region a few tens of meters thick at a depth corresponding to a peak in the dust concentration at 60 k year BP.

scholarly journals δD And δ18O In South Pole Snow: Further Comparison With Meteorological Data and The Record From the Last Millennium (Abstract)

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
J. R. Petit ◽  
J. Jouzel ◽  
J. C. White ◽  
Qian Qiu-yu ◽  
M. Legrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Δd And Δ18o ◽  
Isotope Content

The stable-isotope content of precipitation (δD and δ18O) is governed by the successive fractionation processes which occur during the atmospheric water cycle. As a result there is, in polar areas, a well-obeyed and theoretically well-understood linear relationship between the mean istopic content of snow and its mean temperature of formation. This relationship is well documented on a spatial scale but poorly known for a given site on a temporal basis, the main reason being that relatively long-term and sufficiently detailed meteorological data are only available for a few polar sites. The South Pole appears to be a suitable place for such a study because: (i) snow accumulation is high enough (∼20 cm of snow per year), thus reducing the possibility that annual layers will be lost as a result of wind; (ii) seasonal variation in isotope content is still preserved in snow up to 50 years old; (iii) meteorological data are available from the time the station was opened in 1957. Our previous studies of surface and recently deposited snow at the South Pole were very encouraging in this respect; they have been extended with a two-fold purpose: (i) to test the geographical representativity of the isotope record by comparing results from various cores taken within a 10 km radius of the station. The cores are dated by various techniques, such as stratigraphy, seasonal variation in isotopic content, beta-radioactivity fall-out layers, and detection by solid conductivity measurements of the high “spike” which is thought to correspond to the 1815 Tambora eruption; (ii) to discuss the South Pole isotope record over the last 1000 years as recovered from a 127 m deep ice core.

Supplementary material to "Advection (non-climate) impact on the South Pole Ice Core"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Fudge ◽  
David A. Lilien ◽  
Michelle Koutnik ◽  
Howard Conway ◽  
C. Max Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Supplementary Material

The South Pole ice core (SPICEcore) project

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Souney ◽  
Murat Aydin ◽  
Eric Steig ◽  
T. Fudge ◽  
Mark Twickler
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South

ULTRA HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO TELESCOPES

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1914-1924
Author(s):  
PER OLOF HULTH
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Neutrinos ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
The South ◽  
High Energy Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Telescopes ◽  
Energy Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy

The Neutrino Telescopes NT-200 in Lake Baikal, Russia and AMANDA at the South Pole, Antarctica have now opened the field of High Energy Neutrino Astronomy. Several other Neutrino telescopes are in the process of being constructed or very near realization. Several thousands of atmospheric neutrinos have been observed with energies up to several 100 TeV but so far no evidence for extraterrestrial neutrinos has been found.

scholarly journals Hybrid detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos with the next generation neutrino detectors at the South Pole

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Toscano ◽  
Paul Coppin ◽  
Krijn de Vries ◽  
Nick van Eijndhoven ◽  
Juan Antonio Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The South ◽  
Neutrino Detectors ◽  
Hybrid Detection

scholarly journals Drilling operations for the South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) project

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Johnson ◽  
Tanner Kuhl ◽  
Grant Boeckmann ◽  
Chris Gibson ◽  
Joshua Jetson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Core Project ◽  
The University ◽  
Drill System

Abstract Over the course of the 2014/15 and 2015/16 austral summer seasons, the South Pole Ice Core project recovered a 1751 m deep ice core at the South Pole. This core provided a high-resolution record of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. The drilling and core processing were completed using the new US Intermediate Depth Drill system, which was designed and built by the US Ice Drilling Program at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In this paper, we present and discuss the setup, operation, and performance of the drill system.

scholarly journals Observation of radio emissions from electron beams using an ice target

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Keiichi Mase ◽  
Daisuke Ikeda ◽  
Aya Ishihara ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagawa ◽  
Tatsunobu Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Telescope ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Radio Emissions ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Radio Signals

To observe high energy cosmogenic neutrinos above 50 PeV, the large neutrino telescope ARA is being built at the South Pole. The ARA telescope detects neutrinos by observing radio signals by the Askaryan effect. We performed an experiment using 40 MeV electron beams of the Telescope Array Electron Light Source to verify the understanding of the Askaryan emission as well as the detector responses used in the ARA experiment. Clear coherent polarized radio signals were observed with and without an ice target. We found that the observed radio signals are consistent with simulation, showing that our understanding of the radio emissions and the detector responses are within the systematic uncertainties of the ARAcalTA experiment which is at the level of 30%.

Isotopes of molecular nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in the South Pole ice core document local and global climate change through the last deglaciation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Morgan ◽  
Christo Buizert ◽  
Jeff Severinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Last Deglaciation ◽  
The South ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature Proxy ◽  
Local Surface Temperature ◽  
First Time

<p>Ice core gas records are an invaluable paleoclimatic archive. The three most abundant gases in air, nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>), and argon (Ar), provide paleoclimatic information about both global and regional processes including tropical rainfall patterns and local surface temperature changes. We present a large dataset of elemental and isotopic ratios of N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, and Ar (O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, Ar/N<sub>2</sub>, δ<sup>15</sup>N, δ<sup>18</sup>O, & δ<sup>40</sup>Ar) from the South Pole Ice Core between 0 – 52,000 yr BP, with a focus on high precision δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>40</sup>Ar measurements between 5,000 – 32,000 yr BP. The unprecedented precision of our measurements allows us to use δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>excess </sub>(= δ<sup>15</sup>N - δ<sup>40</sup>Ar/4) to reconstruct past temperature change at the South Pole. Although this proxy has been widely applied in Greenland, this is the first time it has been successfully applied to Antarctic ice and provides a valuable independent check on the more traditional water isotopes temperature proxy. We find good agreement between the two during the relatively stable climate of the glacial period and the Holocene. However the temperature reconstructions diverge during the deglaciation. We present several hypotheses that could explain the discrepancy and look to other emerging ice core temperature proxies to support our interpretation.</p>

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