Tunnels in Arcadia: Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Portal Designs for the Great Western Railway

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 143-169
Author(s):  
Hubert Pragnell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Classical Style ◽  
Great Western Railway ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
Careful Design

AbstractFrom the 1830s, the British landscape was transformed by the development of the steam-hauled railway system, which necessitated bridges, viaducts and tunnels. Of such structures, tunnel entrances feature little in serious studies of railway architecture. However, rich archival evidence exists relating to the designs of Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the tunnel portals on the Great Western Railway between London and Bristol, including numerous pencil and ink drawings in sketchbooks held by the Brunel Archive, University of Bristol, and watercolour elevations in the Network Rail Archive in York, as well as lithographs of the portals by John Cooke Bourne for his History and Description of the Great Western Railway (1846). Brunel's drawings, unique among nineteenth-century engineers, range from the classical style for Box and Middle Hill tunnels in Wiltshire, through the Gothic for Twerton in Somerset, to the Romanesque for Brislington on the edge of Bristol, his so-called ‘Tunnel No. 1’. In their variety and careful design, Brunel's portals represent an important part of Britain's railway and industrial architectural heritage.

scholarly journals Traces of a fortified hamlet. Iconography and urban development of San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cecamore
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
Developmental Line ◽  
Continuous Use

The paper proposes a reading of the possible urban development of the historic centre of San Valentino in Abruzzo Citerore starting from the analysis of its architectural heritage. The image of a fortified hamlet surrounded by walls, represented in a painting dating back to the mid-nineteenth century, appears in cartographic reliefs and representations accessible at the local and extra regional archives. The reading of the current architectural set of givens, which are characterized by the continuous use of building techniques related to the processing of local limestones, seeks through comparison with the historic iconography to identify persistences and alterations of the urban fabric, tracing a possible developmental line of San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore from medieval castrum to Farnesiano fief up to the substantial interventions of modernization and revision of the historic center operated in the last century. The requests of functional and formal changes occurring at the turn of the nineteenth and twenteeth century implicates the dismantling of the walls, the typological change of the original building and of the urban layout and the loss of the urban imagine resulting consolidated in the collective memory. An awaking context of the main features of the historic and building development of this fortified reality in the Middle Adriatic area is today an indispensable step in this path of consciousness and awareness of the society regarding the urgent problem connected to the neglect and to the conservation of the historic centres.

BIM Application in Documenting and Recreating Lost Architectural Heritage

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-141
Author(s):  
Paola Casu ◽  
Claudia Pisu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Digital Archiving ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Definition Of

The digital archiving process of complex historical architectural 3D models is a key point in the field of tangible cultural heritage. A lot of research focus on the definition of methodologies and tools that exploit the full potential of ICT applied to the documentation of cultural heritage. This chapter illustrates a part of a study in this line of investigation. It focuses on the use of BIM for the reconstruction of lost architectural heritage. BIM will be applied to virtual reconstruct the nineteenth-century covered food market of Cagliari that was demolished in 1957. Thanks to the properties of BIM to enter information related to each element constituting a building, every part of the model will be accompanied by information on the degree of reliability and references adopted for its creation. In this way, each family of elements could more easily and knowingly be reused for other similar projects.

scholarly journals Attributing and Defining an Unbuilt 1859 Architectural Plan for the Site of Trogir’s Medieval Walls

Prostor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2 (62)) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Ana Šverko
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Rental Property ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Commercial Spaces

This paper discusses the attribution of an anonymous and unbuilt 1859 plan for a four-storey apartment building with commercial spaces on the ground floor, located on the site of the old town walls in Trogir. It proposes Josip Slade as the architect of the plan, interpreting Slade’s architectural language and the development of his approach to architectural heritage. An analysis of the project in a historical socio-political and spatial context, moreover, supports the conclusion that this was intended as rental property, and this paper therefore offers insights into the first known example of the tenement housing building typology in the nineteenth-century Trogir

Occidental Encounters and Impressions

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-91
Author(s):  
Sohini Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central India ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

The visual and literary chronicles of British Residents and Surveyors comprise a reservoir of information on the historical, social and economic milieus of various territorial regions within the Indian subcontinent. Further, they contain copious documentation on the art and architectural heritage of these regions. Straddling the realms of antiquarianism and archaeology, the concomitant processes of survey and documentation evolved during the seventeenth century and acquired a panoptic character by the nineteenth century. They were essentially products of the interface between the diametrically opposed occidental and oriental cultures and were furthered by the expedients of colonialism. This article is divided into three parts. The first part delves into the relationship between antiquarianism and archaeology. The second part elucidates upon the practices of surveying and documentation in India. The third part elaborates upon the career of Lt. Frederick Charles Maisey and his explorations in central India with special reference to his mid-nineteenth century illustrations of Chanderi’s architectural edifices and structural members. Chanderi, a town of historical importance in Madhya Pradesh, is interspersed with tombs, step-wells, mosques and free-standing gateways of Indo-Islamic affiliation, ascribable largely to the fifteenth century. Some of these edifices are in a bad state of preservation and Maisey’s illustrations have been instrumental in reconstructing their effaced architectonic and decorative details. The illustrations under purview have also contributed towards a holistic understanding of the architectural style at Chanderi, an area which is fairly uncharted.

Music and Narrative Revisited: Degrees of Narrativity in Beethoven and Mahler

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Micznik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Ninth Symphony ◽  
Musical Syntax ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Classical Style

This study presents an attempt to pin down the potential narrative qualities of instrumental, wordless music. Comparing as case-studies two pieces in sonata form–the first movements of Beethoven's ‘Pastoral’ Symphony (as representative of Classical narrative possibilities) and of Mahler's Ninth Symphony (as representative of its composer's idiosyncratic treatment of those in the late nineteenth century) –I propose a ‘narrative’ analysis of their musical features, applying the notions of ‘story’, ‘discourse’ and other concepts from the literary theory of, for example, Genette, Prince and Barthes. An analysis at three semiotic levels (morphological, syntactic and semantic), corresponding to denotative/connotative levels of meaning, shows that Mahler's materials qualify better as narrative ‘events’ on account of their greater number, their individuality and their rich semantic connotations. Through analysis of the ‘discursive techniques’ of the two pieces I show that a weaker degree of narrativity corresponds to music in which the developmental procedures are mostly based on tonal musical syntax (as in the Classical style), whereas a higher degree of narrativity corresponds to music in which, in addition to semantic transformations of the materials, discourse itself relies more on gestural semantic connotations (as in Mahler).

Imagining the Renaissance: The Nineteenth-Century Cult of François I as Patron of Art*

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Cox-Rearick
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Marguerite De Navarre ◽  
Gothic Revival ◽  
Classical Style

A sentimental domestic scene, François I and Marguerite of Navarre, was painted in 1804 by the Salon painter Fleury Richard (fig. 1). As he explained, it illustrates an anecdote from the legend of François I. The king's sister, Marguerite de Navarre, is shown discovering on the windowpane a graffito about the inconstancy of women. François — the great royal womanizer — has just scratched it there and looks very pleased with himself.This painting signals not only the early nineteenth century's fascination with the Renaissance king, but reveals its attitudes about the Renaissance itself. For example, the setting and the costumes betray a confusion about the periodization of Gothic and Renaissance: the room in which the scene takes place is of Gothic revival design, while another room - in neo-classical style - opens beyond; the king's costume is historically correct, but Marguerite could be Maid Marian.

Book Reviews: Self-confident engineer

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Western Railway ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
Labour Disputes ◽  
The University ◽  
Civil Engineers

Adrian Vaughan, Isambard Kingdom Brunel: Engineering Knight Errant . John Murray, paperback, 1993, £12.99 (first published 1991). ISBN 0-7195-5282-6. The extensive Brunel archive, held mostly by the Institution of Civil Engineers in London and the University of Bristol, has provided so rich a mine of material that biographers have felt little need to seek other sources. Adrian Vaughan has set out to redress this condition; he tells us that he was provoked by a passage in the ‘standard biography’ by L.T.C. Rolt ( Isambard Kingdom Brunel , Penguin Books), ‘No strikes or labour disputes marred the building of the Great Western’ (railway), which he knew to be untrue. His book has therefore a somewhat wider aim than that to which it may be compared, Thomas Telford's Temptation by Charles Hadfield (Cleobury Mortimer 1993), largely concerned with adjudication on Telford v Jessop.

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