scholarly journals Are voters influenced by the results of a consensus conference?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Steven Sloman ◽  
Daniella Kupor ◽  
David Yokum
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Rational Argument ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract We evaluate whether people will outsource their opinion on public policy to consensus conference participants. The ideal consensus conference brings together a representative sample of citizens and introduces them to the range of perspectives and evidence related to some policy. The sample is given the opportunity to ask questions of experts and to deliberate. Attitudes about each policy are queried before and after the conference to see if the event has changed minds. In general, such conferences do produce opinion shifts. Our hypothesis is that the shift can be leveraged by simply communicating conference results – absent substantive information about the merits of the policies discussed – to scale up the value of conferences to the population at large. In five studies, we tell participants about the impact of a consensus conference on a sample of citizens’ opinions for a range of policies without providing any new information about the inherent value of the policy itself. For several of the policies, we see a shift in opinion. We conclude that the value of consensus conferences can be scaled up simply by telling an electorate about its results. This suggests an economical way to bring evidence and rational argument to bear on citizens’ policy attitudes.

A Consensus Conference on Psychotic Depression

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Finlay-Jones ◽  
Gordon Parker
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychotic Feature ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

We report a consensus conference on psychotic depression that addressed historic, classification, phenomenologic, epidemiologic, aetiologic, management and outcome issues. We were able to detail the impact of the information offered by having audience members complete questionnaires before and after the conference. The respondents indicated that the status of psychotic depression (as a separate type or as a more severe expression of depression) remains unclear; that delusions, hallucinations and severe psychomotor disturbance have high cross-sectional diagnostic weighting (while longitudinal information is of importance); that determinants include both genetic and organic factors; that most patients with this condition require admission to hospital; and that bilateral ECT is the most effective treatment. The answers to the questionnaires established areas where the audience did not modify their responses because they were already well-informed, others where their views were considerably changed (e.g. “psychotic’ episodes in those with a borderline personality disorder) and others where they modified their clinical reasoning (e.g. “if a “psychotic’ feature is mood-congruent then the condition must be an affective disorder’ became “if the patient has an affective disorder, the psychotic feature must be mood-congruent’). Finally, we make some recommendations for future consensus conferences.

scholarly journals The Role of Virtual Experiences in Increasing Knowledge, Motivation, Independence and Cultural Capital from Disadvantaged Pupils in England

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-142
Author(s):  
Olivia Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Virtual Learning ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
New Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Virtual Experiences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To investigate the impact of virtual learning experiences (VLEs) in school amongst disadvantaged 9 to 11-year-olds: specifically, do virtual experiences increase their knowledge, motivation and independence in learning about a topic, and does this increase their cultural capital. Methodology: Participants explored virtual experiences on countries around the world, with the number of facts learnt before and after recorded. Questionnaires were also completed to record views of virtual experiences. Findings: Findings suggest virtual experiences were successful in teaching participants new information, and increased their independence and motivation to engage with learning, and thus could be successful in increasing cultural capital. Significance difference testing revealed that disadvantaged pupils recorded fewer facts than non-disadvantaged pupils, and therefore virtual experiences were not sufficient to close this disadvantage gap. Value Added: The value of virtual experiences being woven into curriculums is discussed as a platform for teaching cultural knowledge. Recommendations: Virtual learning experiences should be considered a core resource for teachers when planning and should be embedded into the curriculum to enhance learning experiences for disadvantaged pupils. Further research should continue to explore the use of VLEs in Primary schools, and the impact of VLEs on cultural capital.

Impact of Consensus Papers versus Randomized Trials in Critical Care Nephrology

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
John A. Kellum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Impact Factor ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Reports of consensus conferences are usually valued less than reports of clinical trials even when rigorous methodology is used. However, limited data are available comparing the impact of these 2 methods of shaping clinical practice. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Compare the publication impact of consensus conferences and clinical trials. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Consensus publications from the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) from 2002 through 2017 were identified and classified by subject matter. Randomized trials were identified in the same publication year and subject in journals, starting with the highest impact factor. Both publication types were matched, and total citations were determined for each using Google Scholar. A secondary analysis compared total costs for each publication type. <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> Seventeen ADQI consensus conference reports and 17 randomized trials were identified. ADQI reports received a similar number of citations per paper (median, interquartile range) compared to randomized trials (132, 54–228; vs. 159, 60–340, <i>p</i> = ns). Similarly, 10 (58.8%) ADQI reports and 10 randomized trials were cited &#x3e;100 times. On average, ADQI reports appeared in journals with lower impact factors compared to clinical trials (5.4 ± 4.6 vs. 25.4 ± 27.1; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). The median cost per citation (USD 2017) for ADQI reports was USD 606.01 compared to almost twice this figure, USD 1,182.59, for clinical trials on the same topics (<i>p</i> = 0.09). Despite being published in lower impact factor journals, consensus reports on topics in critical care nephrology, received similar citations to randomized controlled trials published the same year.

IMPACT OF THE CONSENSUS CONFERENCE ON POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Pazart ◽  
Françoise Carpentier ◽  
Alain Durocher ◽  
Chrystelle Mougeot ◽  
Yves Najean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To assess the impact of guidelines on drug use issued by a consensus conference on polycythemia vera held in Paris in June 1993. 32Phosphorus (32P) was recommended for patients over 70 and/or at risk, whereas pipobroman and hydroxyurea were recommended for patients under 70.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all 119 departments of nuclear medicine in France 1 year after the conference to find out whether and how often they measured plasma volume and red cell mass (the recommended diagnostic tests for polycythemia vera). Time-series analyses were performed on sales of 32P, pipobroman (both virtually exclusively prescribed for polycythemia), and hydroxyurea over a 4-year span (January 1992–December 1995).Results: The average number of plasma volume determinations per year did not change significantly after the conference (22 ± 26 before vs 21 ± 25 after). 32P and pipobroman sales were stable until July 1993, when 32P sales decreased while pipobroman sales rose steadily. Hydroxyurea sales increased over the whole period with no change in trend after the guidelines were published.Conclusions: The guidelines apparently influenced clinical practice since sales of drugs that are specifically used to treat polycythemia vera showed clear changes in trend after publication of the guidelines. This type of study seems to be an effective way of assessing the impact of consensus conferences.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After a Tobacco-Free Olympic Policy Period: Qingdao, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Susan LeRoy Stewart ◽  
Weiguo Gao ◽  
Fei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Introduction We explored the impact of a temporary tobacco-free public policy for the 2008 Summer Olympics on the smoking prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure among the population of a co-hosting city, Qingdao, China. Methods The Qingdao Diabetes Survey was analyzed for 2006 (n = 4599) and 2009 (n = 4680), which are survey years before and after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period (July 2007 to January 2009). We analyzed the differences in self-reported smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke at home and/or workplace, and compared odds of smoking by survey year and of exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers. Results From 2006 to 2009, the male smoking prevalence declined from 51.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49.0% to 53.9%) to 42.6% (95% CI = 40.2% to 45.1%), and the proportion of lighter smokers decreased more. Among nonsmokers, the secondhand smoke exposure rate declined from 62.2% (95% CI = 60.5% to 63.9%) to 56.8% (95% CI = 55.1% to 58.6%). Regression analyses show 34% lower odds of men smoking after Olympics (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.57% to 0.77%). Rural residents and individuals who are not retired were more likely to smoke. Female nonsmokers report 17% less exposure to secondhand smoke after Olympics (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70% to 0.98%). Urban nonsmokers were more likely to be exposed than their rural counterparts. Conclusions Smoking prevalence among men and secondhand smoke exposure among women significantly decreased in Qingdao, China, after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period. As only the proportion of lighter smokers decreased, this may help explain why urban nonsmokers reported increased exposure. Unintended increased secondhand smoke exposure and cessation support need to be addressed in large-scale policy campaigns. Implications Hosting the Olympic Games can help to initiate large-scale tobacco-free public policies for hosting cities. Although previous studies have demonstrated reduction in nonsmoker exposure to secondhand smoke, the impact on the hosting city’s smoking prevalence or exposure rates is unclear. After the Olympic Games in Qingdao, China, smoking prevalence among men significantly decreased, mostly due to light smokers. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and/or workplace significantly decreased among female nonsmokers. Urban nonsmokers had an unintended consequence of increased secondhand smoke exposure after the tobacco-free Olympic policy period. Concurrent promotion of cessation support for heavier smokers may be needed.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological assessment before and after radiotherapy in a child with an intracranial tumor: case report

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pereira Lopes ◽  
Alina Lebreiro Teldeschi ◽  
Flavia Miele ◽  
Cintia Mesquita ◽  
Manuela Correa Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Intracranial Tumor ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Academic Deficits ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Nonverbal Skills ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors and the second largest group of neoplasms diagnosed in childhood. Treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, radiotherapy can cause complications, e.g., cognitive deficits. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe the case of a child diagnosed with a brain tumor evaluated before and after radiotherapy to investigate cognitive decline after treatment. The results showed a decline in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores and reversal of the predominance of verbal and nonverbal skills. After radiotherapy, the subject showed slowness, academic deficits, and difficulties learning new information. COMMENTS: Even though the post-treatment evaluation showed scores compatible with the average, comparison between pre- and post-treatment evaluations demonstrated the impact of radiotherapy on the subject's cognitive profile. These results highlight the importance of evaluating patients who undergo radiotherapy before and after treatment and understanding neuropsychological scores associated with the subjects' complaints.

scholarly journals A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF VAMANA KARMA ON SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN AMAVATA W.S.R RHEUEMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2896-2901
Author(s):  
Rakshitha Kumari ◽  
Niranjan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Ideal Line ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

Panchakarma therapy is the ideal line of treatment to maintain the state of health for a longer duration. It aims at the elimination of excessive Doshas from the body. Vamana karma is one of the Panchakarma procedure where in vomiting is induced by drugs and aims at the elimination of excessive Kapha and Pitta dosha from the body. Amavata is a Vyadhi where Kapha and Vata are predominantly involved. Its Udhbava Sthana is Amashaya and Vyaktha Sthana is Sandhi. Vamana is considered as best treatment for Kapha and its associated conditions. In Amavata mainly Kapha Sthana like Sandhi is affected. Langhana is considered as the prime line of treatment for Amavata. Vamana is considered under shodhana variety of Langhana. Normally, after Vamana patient does not complain of having any untowards like those patients after vomiting due to dehydration. This study was conduct- ed to evaluate the effect of vamana karma on serum electrolyte levels and access the safety of therapeutic vomiting. In this study, 20 patients diagnosed with Amavata were selected and subjected for Vamana karma. This study in- volves estimation of serum electrolyte levels before and after Vamana. The results are suggestive of safe applica- tion of the Vamana karma. Keywords: Amavata, Serum electrolytes, Vamana karma.

scholarly journals Expectations after expecting: the impact of first birth on the fertility expectations of one child women in the USA and UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyce Raybould ◽  
Rebecca Sear
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Fertility Expectations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Expectations for having children are hypothesised to be predominantly influenced by societal family norms at young ages, and are adjusted during the life course in response to changing circumstances and new information. The onset of parenthood is likely to be a key event that affects expectations. This paper explores whether the expectations of women who have only one child (one child women) change in the five years before and after first birth, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (USA) and Understanding Society (UK). We aim to determine whether one child women are distinct in their expectations from women who go on to higher parities even before first birth, and whether the event of first birth is a catalyst for changing expectations. Our results show that, in both contexts, one child women expect closer to two children prior to, compared to after, first birth, when the trajectory declines more steeply towards one. One child women also expect fewer than higher parity mothers by the time of first birth. Our findings suggest that although one child women already expect fewer children compared to other mothers prior to first birth, their expectations are particularly affected by the onset of parenthood.

Evluation of The Consensus Conference Program in Sweden: its Impact on Physicians

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
Total Response Rate ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of consensus conferences on physicians was studied in 1985 for the first four conferences Sweden held in 1982–1985. For each conference a main target group was defined as hospital-based physicians in supervisory positions within relevant clinics. Data were collected through a postal survey of all 1,668 members of the four different target groups. The total response rate was 86%. Reported awareness of a particular consensus conference as well as professed knowledge of a single conference statement was high—roughly 90%—for all four conferences. The consensus statement evoked changes in clinical practice according to 7%–10% of the respondents and changes were proportionally higher for physicians in smaller hospitals. Most of the respondents (61%–83%) reported no change, claiming that the consensus statement reflected clinical practices established prior to the conference. The validity of self-reported data is discussed.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

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