Social Hierarchy, Social Status, and Status Consumption

2015 ◽  
pp. 332-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dubois ◽  
Nailya Ordabayeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Status Consumption

scholarly journals Increased Conformity to Social Hierarchy Under Public Eyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daeeun Kim ◽  
JuYoung Kim ◽  
Hackjin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
The Social

Why would people conform more to others with higher social positions? People may place higher confidence in the opinions of those who rank higher in the social hierarchy, or they may wish to make better impressions on people of higher social status. We investigated how individual preferences for novel stimuli are influenced by the preferences of others in the social hierarchy and whether anonymity affects such preference changes. After manipulation of their social rank, participants were asked to indicate how much they liked or disliked a series of images. Then, they were shown the rating given to each image by a partner (either inferior or superior in social rank) and were given a chance to adjust their ratings. The participants were more likely to change their preferences to match those of a superior partner in the public vs. private condition. The tendency to conform to the views of the superior partner was stronger among those with higher social dominance orientation (SDO) and those with greater fear of negative evaluation (FNE) by others. Altogether, the findings suggest that the motivation to make better impressions on people of higher social status can be the major driver of conformity to others with higher social positions.

Hierarchical or Egalitarian?

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-164
Author(s):  
D. W. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Historic Archaeology ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Grave Goods

The model of social structure in British prehistory still owes much to the legacy of Gordon Childe, for whom economic competition was the catalyst of social inequalities. Even from the Neolithic, however, control of land or stock would have conveyed status, and the construction of major works such as tombs or henges implies authority over labour and resources, even if it was religious rather than temporal. Classical sources indicated that late pre-Roman Iron Age society was stratified, but recent opinion has questioned how far back this extended into earlier prehistory. Using grave goods as a proxy for social status may be simplistic, though whether explained as possessions of the dead, debts repaid by dependents, dedications to deities or ancestors, or displays of communal wealth consumption, they surely indicate social complexity. Settlements in British prehistory or early historic archaeology seldom display clear evidence of social hierarchy, since social status was evidently not expressed in the same terms as in contemporary materialistic and capitalistic societies. Anthropological models of social development from simple communities to chiefdoms and state societies can now be seen as neither consistent nor uniform in progression.

Hierarchy and Heredity

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Modern France ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Modern France

Families were fundamental to social hierarchy in early modern France. Birth was widely accepted to indicate one’s divinely ordained social status, even if that view was not universal—in practice, some freedom was allowed for individuals to improve their status (especially among certain social groups) or indeed to worsen it. Certainly, the relation of birth to social status varied. It had a changing history even in respect of the nobility, which could be entered by routes other than birth. But birth was primordial at all levels of society, and for the nobility it became even more so in France in the second half of the sixteenth century and in the seventeenth. It was widely believed that the members of a given noble family shared their own, generally superior, instantiation of human nature. On the other hand, heredity was widely believed to predispose commoners too in certain directions.

Why do consumers buy counterfeit luxury products? A tale of two major cities in two different countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norizan M. Kassim ◽  
Mohamed Zain ◽  
Naima Bogari ◽  
Khurram Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Status Consumption ◽  
Value Consciousness ◽  
Luxury Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Status Insecurity

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine customer attitudes toward purchasing counterfeit luxury products (ATPCLP) in two cities in two different countries (Saudi Arabia and Malaysia) by testing the relationships between the various reasons for purchasing those products: social status insecurity, status consumption and value consciousness.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were distributed conveniently to urban customers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Altogether 658 useable questionnaires were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, general linear model of univariate analysis of variance and structural equation modeling.FindingsQuality, price, popularity and status signaling represent the main motivating factors for their brand choices of counterfeit luxury products among the two country groups of customers. As expected, customers' social status insecurity influences their ATPCLP, but not their status consumption. However, status consumption does positively moderates the relationship of their social status insecurity and their ATPCLP. Furthermore, customers' value consciousness influences their ATPCLP and moderates the relationship between status consumption and ATPCLP. The impact of status consumption on ATPCLP depends on the importance one places on the value of the products. However, the authors found no differences in social status insecurity, status consumption and value consciousness, on their ATPCLP among the customers. Some implications and limitations of the results are discussed.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of convenience sampling and mainly college students (in Saudi Arabia) as respondents represent the main limitations of this study.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this study is to discourage the purchasing of counterfeit luxury products in their respective country Malaysian marketers need to stress that their genuine products are of top quality while Saudi marketers need to stress that their genuine products are of well-known brands that are sourced from well-known countries of origin. Besides, Malaysian marketers need to offer genuine products that are not overly priced or ones that indicate value-for-money while Saudi marketers need to convey the message that their genuine products could help enhance or uplift their customers' social status. In this study, the authors did not find any support for differences in ATPCLP between the two rather different Muslim-majority countries. This could be due to the fact that the majority of the respondents were females in their mid-20s and that both countries have a growing number of young customer base, which makes them particularly attractive target customers for branded/luxury products and, at the same time, easy preys to luxury products counterfeiters. This implies that there are still more opportunities for academics to study the topic or related topics in the future.Originality/valueAs far as the authors know, no one has undertaken a comparative study involving two very different Islamic majority countries (more conservative mono-cultural and mono-ethnicity Saudi Arabia versus less conservative multicultural and multi-ethnicity Malaysia) before.

scholarly journals Social hierarchy is established and maintained with distinct acts of aggression in male Drosophilamelanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (24) ◽  
pp. jeb232439
Author(s):  
Jasper C. Simon ◽  
Ulrike Heberlein
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Explicit Approach ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Dominant State

ABSTRACTSocial interactions pivot on an animal's experiences, internal states and feedback from others. This complexity drives the need for precise descriptions of behavior to dissect the fine detail of its genetic and neural circuit bases. In laboratory assays, male Drosophila melanogaster reliably exhibit aggression, and its extent is generally measured by scoring lunges, a feature of aggression in which one male quickly thrusts onto his opponent. Here, we introduce an explicit approach to identify both the onset and reversals in hierarchical status between opponents and observe that distinct aggressive acts reproducibly precede, concur or follow the establishment of dominance. We find that lunges are insufficient for establishing dominance. Rather, lunges appear to reflect the dominant state of a male and help in maintaining his social status. Lastly, we characterize the recurring and escalating structure of aggression that emerges through subsequent reversals in dominance. Collectively, this work provides a framework for studying the complexity of agonistic interactions in male flies, enabling its neurogenetic basis to be understood with precision.

From Barber-Surgeon’s Son to Professor

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 302-314
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Distant Relative

Although the family’s movements within social hierarchy between 1526 and 1626 were multiple and complex, one turning point was particularly decisive, both for Matthieu and his future son François. It occurred in 1529, when Matthieu, aged perhaps about 6, left his birthplace of Saint-Denis and the barber-surgeon milieu in which he had always lived, going to study in Paris at the Collège du Cardinal Lemoine at the instigation of his distant relative François Vatable, who may earlier have undergone a similar social transformation himself. Matthieu became a Calvinist scholar, Professor of Philosophy, and chronologer. His representations, private or public, of his and his family’s social status attribute differing degrees of importance to it. The sharpness of the rupture with his early life seems to have enhanced his sense that his family, or part of it, stood out in a divine hierarchy, since it had been chosen by God for special scholarly purposes.

Families and the Emergence of Literary History

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 181-183
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
The Social

At the same time as composing, editing, translating works and getting them published, producers of family literature commented on how the works inflected, and were inflected by, the social status of the families from which they emanated. In other words, the process of producing family literature included social commentary on that process. Some of these commentators went a step further. Attempting to take an overview of the field of literary and learned production in France, they highlighted the role within it of families; and they viewed that role through the lens of social hierarchy. The two writers who did this more than any others were François Grudé de la Croix du Maine and Scévole de Sainte-Marthe, to whom Chapters 13 and 14 are devoted, respectively.

Gossiping to the Top

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Wargo Aikins ◽  
Charlene Collibee ◽  
Jessica Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
And Function

Despite its omnipresence, quantitative research examining both the nature and the function of adolescent gossip has been limited. The present study aimed to address this limitation in the literature by examining the nature and function of adolescent gossip; in particular, it aimed to explore observed differences between the gossip of those popular and non-popular adolescent dyads. Using both observational lab–based and sociometric school–based methods, the present study assessed the associations between social status and gossip functionality among 130 ninth grade students (92 females). Popular adolescent dyads engaged in more instances of gossip and were more likely to use gossip to foster intimacy, establish norms, and share both information and their opinions. Results also pointed to potential mechanisms by which popular adolescent dyads may gather alliances that support their status within the social hierarchy.

Behaviour and productivity of pigs in groups composed of disproportionate numbers of littermates

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Gonyou
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty litters of eight pigs each were paired by age and weight and re-grouped at the beginning of a 12-wk grower/finisher period. Each pair of litters was assigned to two pens, with two pigs from one litter (Minority) and six pigs from the other (Majority) in each pen. Four pairs of litters were removed from the experiment due to loss of pigs from injury or poor health. Agonistic encounters following re-grouping were used to rank each Minority pig and to classify it as being within the Dominant or Subordinate half of the social hierarchy. Minority pigs within a pen tended to obtain similar social ranks (within two ranks in 20 of 30 pens; P < 0.05), but were as likely to be Dominant as Subordinate (11 vs. 9 pairs, respectively). The activity and position of all pigs were sampled once daily, 5 days a week. One Minority pig was designated as the focal pig for these observations. The second Minority pig was more likely to be engaged in the same activity as the focal pig than were Majority pigs (P < 0.01), and would lie closer to the focal pig than would the Majority pigs (P < 0.01). There were no differences in the proportion of Majority and Minority pigs which were removed from the experiment due to injuries, nor in the type of injuries requiring their removal. Examination of all pigs at the mid-point of the study revealed some evidence of injury on the head, ears, shoulders, back, flanks, ramp and tail of 76, 75, 87, 90, 91 and 95% of the pigs, respectively, but no differences between Majority and Minority pigs in location or severity of injuries. Average daily gain for the entire experiment was 775 g d−1, and did not differ between Majority and Minority pigs during any 2-wk period of the study. It is concluded that littermates continue to associate with each other after re-grouping and that they attain similar social status. However, the litter with the largest number of pigs present does not consistently achieve social dominance or a competitive advantage manifested in improved weight gain. Key words: Pigs, littermates, re-grouping, social status

scholarly journals Social hierarchy is established and maintained with distinct acts of aggression in male Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper C. Simon ◽  
Ulrike Heberlein
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Explicit Approach ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Dominant State

ABSTRACTSocial interactions pivot on an animal’s experiences, internal states, and feedback from others. This complexity drives the need for precise descriptions of behavior to dissect the fine detail of its genetic and neural circuit bases. In laboratory assays, male Drosophila melanogaster reliably exhibit aggression, and its extent is generally measured by scoring lunges, a feature of aggression in which one male quickly thrusts onto his opponent. Here, we introduce an explicit approach to identify both the onset and reversals in hierarchical status among opponents and observe that distinct aggressive acts reproducibly precede, concur, or follow the establishment of dominance. We find that lunges are insufficient for establishing dominance. Rather, lunges appear to reflect the dominant state of a male and help in maintaining his social status. Lastly, we characterize the recurring and escalating structure of aggression that emerges through subsequent reversals in dominance. Collectively, this work provides a framework for studying the complexity of agonistic interactions in male flies enabling its neurogenetic basis to be understood with precision.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document