scholarly journals P128: Describing variability in treatment of THC hyperemesis in the emergency department: a health records review

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S110
Author(s):  
J. Teefy ◽  
J. Blom ◽  
K. Woolfrey ◽  
M. Riggan ◽  
J. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discharge Diagnosis ◽  
First Line ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Opioid Medications

Introduction: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a new and poorly understood phenomenon with a subset of patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) for symptomatic control of their refractory nausea and vomiting. Curently, there is a lack of agreement and considerable practice variability on initial treatment modalities for CHS. The objective of this study was to describe the treatment modalities for patients presenting to ED with cannabis-related sequelae. Methods: This was a health records review of patients ≥18 years presenting to one of two tertiary care EDs (annual census: 150,000) with a discharge diagnosis including cannabis use with one of abdominal pain or nausea/vomiting using ICD-10 codes. Trained research personnel collected data from medical records including demographics, clinical history, results of investigations, and utilization of treatment options within the ED. Descriptive statistics are presented where appropriate. Results: From April 2014 to June 2016, 203 unique ED patients had a discharge diagnosis including cannabis use with abdominal pain or nausea/vomiting. Sixty-nine (33.4%) received any treatment during their visit with 28 (40.6%) receiving IV fluids, of which 24 (85.7%) received normal saline. Anti-emetics were used in 21 (30.4%) patients with ondansetron being the first-line agent in 11 (52.4%) patients followed by dimenhydrinate in 6 (28.6%) and haloperidol in 2 (9.5%) cases. Six patients required two doses of anti-emetics, favouring ondansetron in 3 cases followed by haloperidol, dimenhydrinate, and metoclopramide each used once. Thirteen (19%) patients required analgesia, with the first-line preference being non-opioid medications in 11 versus opioids in 2 cases. Seven patients required multiple modes of analgesia, favouring opioid medications in 4 patients. Twenty-eight (40.6%) patients required anxiolytics with lorazepam being used primarily in 16 (57.1%) patients followed by lorazepam/haloperidol in 5 (17.9%) cases. Conclusion: This ED-based study demonstrates variability of practice patterns for symptomatic treatment of cannabis related ED presentations. Despite knowledge of haloperidol being useful in patients with suspected CHS, physicians opted for ondansetron as first line anti-emetics. Future research should focus on studying various treatment modalities of patients with suspected CHS in the ED to optimize symptomatic treatment.

scholarly journals LO28: Emergency department gastrointestinal presentations related to marijuana ingestion: a single centre retrospective study

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S17
Author(s):  
J. Teefy ◽  
J. Blom ◽  
K. Woolfrey ◽  
M. Riggan ◽  
J. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discharge Diagnosis ◽  
Marijuana Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a poorly understood phenomenon with a subset of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) for symptomatic control of refractory nausea and vomiting. As legalization of marijuana commenced on October 2018, it is important to recognize the presentation of patients related to marijuana consumption. The objective of this study was to describe demographic and ED visit data of patients presenting to the ED with cannabis-related sequelae. Methods: This was a health records review of patients ≥18 years presenting to one of two tertiary care EDs (annual census 150,000 visits) with a discharge diagnosis including cannabis use with one of abdominal pain or nausea/vomiting using ICD-10 codes. Trained research personnel collected data from medical records including demographics, clinical history, results of investigations within the ED. Descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations are presented where appropriate. Results: From April 2014 to June 2016, 203 unique ED patients had a discharge diagnosis including cannabis use with abdominal pain or nausea/vomiting. Mean (SD) age was 30 (13.04) years and 120 (59.1%) were male. Patients presented to the ED independently 84 (41.4%), via EMS with 104 (51.23%) and 15 (7.39%) by police. The majority of patients were triaged as CTAS-2 in 27 (33%) and CTAS-3 in 106 (52.2%) of all cases. Of patients disclosing their method of consumption, 31 (15.3%) had used combustion methods and 30 (14.8%) had edible marijuana. Mean (SD) serum potassium was 3.71 (0.48) mmol/l. 162 (79.8%) were discharged home and 9 (4.4%) were given follow up (all psychiatric). Twenty-nine (14.3%) were admitted to hospital with 28 (13.8%) admitted to psychiatry and 1 (0.5%) admitted to medicine. Conclusion: This ED-based retrospective chart review reports a description of cannabis-related presentations to the ED. Clinicians should be aware of CHS in patients presenting to the ED, especially as Canada enters the era of legalization. Future research should focus on the impact of federal legalization of marijuana on ED utilization for CHS-related presentations.

scholarly journals LO48: Pediatric cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in the emergency department: a 5-year retrospective review

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S24-S24
Author(s):  
D. Foster ◽  
K. Van Aarsen ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
J. Teefy ◽  
T. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Discharge Diagnosis ◽  
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Introduction: Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) in pediatric patients is poorly characterized. Literature is scarce, making identification and treatment challenging. This study's objective was to describe demographics and visit data of pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected CHS, in order to improve understanding of the disorder. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric patients (12-17 years) with suspected CHS presenting to one of two tertiary-care EDs; one pediatric and one pediatric/adult (combined annual pediatric census 40,550) between April 2014-March 2019. Charts were selected based on discharge diagnosis of abdominal pain or nausea/vomiting with positive cannabis urine screen, or discharge diagnosis of cannabis use, using ICD-10 codes. Patients with confirmed or likely diagnosis of CHS were identified and data including demographics, clinical history, and ED investigations/treatments were recorded by a trained research assistant. Results: 242 patients met criteria for review. 39 were identified as having a confirmed or likely diagnosis of CHS (mean age 16.2, SD 0.85 years with 64% female). 87% were triaged as either CTAS-2 or CTAS-3. 80% of patients had cannabis use frequency/duration documented. Of these, 89% reported at least daily use, the mean consumption was 1.30g/day (SD 1.13g/day), and all reported ≥6 months of heavy use. 69% of patients had at least one psychiatric comorbidity. When presenting to the ED, all had vomiting, 81% had nausea, 81% had abdominal pain, and 30% reported weight loss. Investigations done included venous blood gas (30%), pregnancy test in females (84%), liver enzymes (57%), pelvic or abdominal ultrasound (19%), abdominal X-ray (19%), and CT head (5%). 89% of patients received treatment in the ED with 81% receiving anti-emetics, 68% receiving intravenous (IV) fluids, and 22% receiving analgesics. Normal saline was the most used IV fluid (80%) and ondansetron was the most used anti-emetic (90%). Cannabis was suspected to account for symptoms in 74%, with 31% of these given the formal diagnosis of CHS. 62% of patients had another visit to the ED within 30 days (prior to or post sentinel visit), 59% of these for similar symptoms. Conclusion: This study of pediatric CHS reveals unique findings including a preponderance of female patients, a majority that consume cannabis daily, and weight loss reported in nearly one third. Many received extensive workups and most had multiple clustered visits to the ED.

scholarly journals 75 Paediatric Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in the Emergency Department: a 5-year Retrospective Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. e31-e31
Author(s):  
Daniel Foster ◽  
Kristine Van Aarsen ◽  
Justin Yan ◽  
John Teefy ◽  
Tim Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Discharge Diagnosis ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Abstract Background Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) in paediatric patients is poorly characterized. Identification and treatment of adolescents presenting to the emergency department (ED) for suspected CHS is challenging. Given the paucity of literature on paediatric CHS and the recent legalization of cannabis, it is important to gain a better understanding of this disorder. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe demographics and ED visit data of paediatric patients presenting to the ED with suspected CHS. Design/Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of paediatric patients (12-17 years) with suspected CHS presenting to one of two tertiary-care EDs; one paediatric (annual census 38,500) and one paediatric and adult (annual census 60,000) between April 2014-March 2019. Charts were selected based on discharge diagnosis of abdominal pain or nausea/vomiting with positive cannabis urine screen, or discharge diagnosis of cannabis use, using ICD-10 codes. Patients with confirmed or likely diagnosis of CHS were identified and data including demographics, clinical history, and ED investigations/treatments were recorded by a trained research assistant. Results A total of 242 patients met criteria for review. Thirty-nine were identified as having a confirmed or likely diagnosis of CHS (mean age 16.2, SD 0.85 years with 64% female), 87% were triaged as either CTAS-2 or CTAS-3 and 80% of patients had cannabis use frequency/duration documented. Of these, 89% reported at least daily use, the mean consumption was 1.30g/day (SD 1.13g/day), and all reported ≥6 months of heavy use. Sixty-nine percent of patients had at least one psychiatric comorbidity. When presenting to the ED, all had vomiting, 81% had nausea, 81% had abdominal pain and 30% reported weight loss. Investigations done included venous blood gas (30%), pregnancy test in females (84%), liver enzymes (57%), pelvic or abdominal ultrasound (19%), abdominal X-ray (19%), and CT head (5%). Eighty-nine percent of patients received treatment in the ED with 81% receiving anti-emetics, 68% receiving intravenous fluids, and 22% receiving analgesics. Normal saline was the most used intravenous fluid (80%) and ondansetron was the most used anti-emetic (90%). Cannabis was suspected to account for symptoms in 74% (with 31% of these given the formal diagnosis of CHS). Sixty-two percent of patients had another visit to the ED within 30 days (59% of these for similar symptoms). Conclusion This study of paediatric CHS reveals unique findings including a preponderance of female patients, a majority that consume cannabis daily, and weight loss reported in nearly 1/3rd. Many received extensive workups and most had multiple clustered visits to the ED.

scholarly journals LO69: Haloperidol versus ondansetron for hyperemesis due to cannabis (HaVOC): a randomized, controlled clinical trial

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S32-S33
Author(s):  
A. Ruberto ◽  
M. Sivilotti ◽  
S. Forrester ◽  
A. Hall ◽  
F. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Return Visits ◽  
Topical Capsaicin ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Haloperidol Group ◽  
Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome

Introduction: One of the most common adverse effects of habitual cannabis use is hyperemesis—recurrent bouts of protracted vomiting, retching and abdominal pain superimposed on a baseline of daily nausea and anorexia. Largely anecdotal evidence supports the use of haloperidol, benzodiazepines or topical capsaicin over traditional antiemetics, yet little is known about the cause or optimal treatment of this newly recognized disorder. We report the results of one of the first clinical trials on so-called cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (NCT03056482). Methods: We approached adults with a working diagnosis of hyperemesis due to cannabis, provided they had ongoing emesis for >2 hours, a cyclic pattern of 3+ episodes in the last 2 years, and near daily use of cannabis by inhalation. We excluded those who were pregnant, deemed unreliable, or using opioids. Subjects provided written consent to be randomized during the index or any subsequent visit to either haloperidol (with a nested randomization to either 0.05 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg) or ondansetron 8 mg intravenously in a quadruple-blind fashion, and to be followed for 7 days. The primary outcome was the average reduction from baseline in abdominal pain and nausea (each measured on a 10-cm VAS) at 2 hours. While the original trial design allowed for crossover, the primary analysis used only the first treatment period since fewer than the prespecified threshold of 20% of subjects crossed over. Results: We enrolled 33 subjects, of whom 30 (16 men, 29+/-11 years old, using 1.5+/-0.9 g/day since age 19+/-2 years) were treated at least once (haloperidol 13, ondansetron 17). Haloperidol at either dose was superior to ondansetron (difference 2.3 cm [95%CI 0.6, 4.0]; p = 0.01), with similar improvements in both pain and nausea, as well as less rescue antiemetics (27% vs 61%; p = 0.04), and shorter time to ED departure (3.1+/-1.7 vs 5.6+/-4.5 hours; p = 0.03 Wilcoxon rank sum). There were two (haloperidol) vs six (ondansetron) return visits for ongoing nausea/vomiting, as well as two return visits for acute dystonia, both in the higher dose haloperidol group. Conclusion: Haloperidol is superior to ondansetron for the acute symptomatic treatment of patients with ongoing hyperemesis attributed to habitual cannabis use. The efficacy of this agent over ondansetron provides insight into the mechanism of this new disorder, now almost a daily diagnosis in many Canadian emergency departments.

scholarly journals P144: Sentinel visits in emergency department patients with diabetes mellitus as a warning sign for hyperglycemic emergencies

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S126-S126
Author(s):  
J. Yan ◽  
K. Gushulak ◽  
M. Columbus ◽  
A. Hamelin ◽  
I.G. Stiell
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Discharge Diagnosis ◽  
Discharge Instructions ◽  
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Introduction: Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) often visit the emergency department (ED) for management of hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Many of these patients have a “sentinel” ED visit for other medical conditions prior to their hyperglycemic visit, which may worsen their glucose control. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of patients presenting with a sentinel ED visit prior to their visit for a hyperglycemic emergency. Methods: This was a health records review of patients ≥18 years presenting to one of four tertiary care EDs (combined annual census 300,000) with a discharge diagnosis of DM, hyperglycemia, DKA or HHS in a one-year period. Visits for hypoglycemia were excluded. Trained research personnel collected data from medical records including demographics, clinical history and results of investigations. Electronic charts were reviewed to determine if the patient came to the ED within the prior 14 days of their index hyperglycemia visit, and the details and outcomes surrounding both visits. Descriptive statistics were used where appropriate to summarize the data. Results: From January-December 2014, 609 ED visits had a discharge diagnosis of hyperglycemia. Mean (SD) age was 50.4 (19.5) years, and 343 (56.3%) were male. 101/609 visitors (16.6%) had an ED presentation within the previous 14 days from their hyperglycemia visit. 71 (70.3%) of these were discharged from this initial visit and 49/71 (69.0%) were discharged either without their blood glucose checked or with an elevated blood glucose (>11.0 mmol/L). Of the sentinel visits, 58 (57.4%) were for hyperglycemia and 15 (14.9%) were for infection. Upon returning to the ED, 45/101 (44.6%) visitors were subsequently admitted for management of severe hyperglycemia, DKA or HHS. Conclusion: This unique ED-based study demonstrates that patients with DM presenting with hyperglycemia or infection often return and may ultimately require admission. Clinicians should be vigilant in checking blood glucose when these patients present to the ED and provide clear discharge instructions for follow-up and glucose management. Future research should focus on improving glycemic control in these patients in order to prevent further hyperglycemic emergencies from occurring.

IMMUNOTHERAPY VERSUS PHARMACOTHERAPY AMONG PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS BASED ON TOTAL SYMPTOM SCORE AND MEDICATION SCORE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Arun Govind K ◽  
Satyawati Mohindra ◽  
Ashok K. Gupta ◽  
Shaurya Mahendru
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Rescue Medication ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Total Symptom Score ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Medication Score

Objective: To compare efcacy of immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis using total symptom score and rescue medication score. Prospective analysis of outcomes Design: of different treatment modalities in allergic rhinitis patients in a tertiary care centre. Hundred and ten pa Subjects: tients, diagnosed to have allergic rhinitis were included in this study, they were divided into 2 groups based on treatment modality i:e, pharmacotherapy (Group A) and immunotherapy group (Group B). Former contained 76 patients and latter 34 patients The pretreatment mean t Results: otal symptom score (TSS) in pharmacotherapy group was 7.76±3.8 and in immunotherapy group 10.88±2.45. Post treatment mean total symptom score was 7.31±3.68 and 6.29±3.01 respectively. Mean rescue medication score (RMS) in pharmacotherapy group was 0.40±0.22 and immunotherapy was 0.28±0.18. Conclusion: Both pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy was efcacious and safe in treating patients with AR , but the magnitude of reduction was more in immunotherapy group. Regardless of the sensitisation status of the patients (even if the patient is polysensitised ) they responded well with single allergen immunotherapy. Reduction in rescue medication score was statistically signicant in those receiving immunotherapy giving a stable control. Immunotherapy can also be used as anti symptomatic treatment and has the capacity to modify the course of illness

scholarly journals P161: Emergency department visits for hyperglycemia in emerging adults with diabetes: a health records review

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S114-S114
Author(s):  
J. W. Yan ◽  
A. L. Hamelin ◽  
K. M. Gushulak ◽  
K. Van Aarsen ◽  
M. Columbus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Introduction: Patients with diabetes who are in emerging adulthood, defined as the life stage between 18-29 years, have unique challenges in managing their illness and are at risk of acute complications and loss to follow-up. The studys objective was to describe emergency department (ED) utilization for hyperglycemia in emerging adults with diabetes and to characterize 30-day outcomes including return visits and admission for hyperglycemia. Methods: This was a health records review of emerging adults presenting over a one-year period to four tertiary care EDs with a diagnosis of hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Research personnel collected data on patient characteristics, treatment, disposition, and determined if patients returned to the ED for hyperglycemia within 30 days. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data where appropriate. Results: There were 185 ED encounters for hyperglycemia, representing 116 unique emerging adult patients. Mean (SD) age was 23 (3.5) years and 50.9% were female. 80 (69.0%) had known type 1 diabetes, 11 (9.5%) had type 2, and 25 (21.5%) were newly diagnosed in the ED. Of 185 visits, 98 (53.0%) resulted in hospital admission. 56 (30.3%) returned to the ED for hyperglycemia within 30 days of their initial encounter, and 21 (11.4%) resulted in admission on this subsequent visit. Conclusion: We characterized ED utilization and 30-day outcomes of emerging adults with diabetes for hyperglycemia. Future research should focus on earlier identification of those at higher risk for recurrent ED visits or admission and the efficacy of interventions to prevent these adverse outcomes.

The Role of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) in the Detection of Occult Primary Neuroendocrine Tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Manuele Furnari ◽  
Andrea Buda ◽  
Gabriele Delconte ◽  
Davide Citterio ◽  
Theodor Voiosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Wireless Capsule

Background & Aims: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with unclear etiology that may show functioning or non-functioning features. Primary tumor localization often requires integrated imaging. The European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society (ENETS) guidelines proposed wireless-capsule endoscopy (WCE) as a possible diagnostic tool for NETs, if intestinal origin is suspected. However, its impact on therapeutic management is debated. We aimed to evaluate the yield of WCE in detecting intestinal primary tumor in patients showing liver NET metastases when first-line investigations are inconclusive.Method: Twenty-four patients with histological diagnosis of metastatic NET from liver biopsy and no evidence of primary lesions at first-line investigations were prospectively studied in an ENETS-certified tertiary care center. Wireless-capsule endoscopy was requested before explorative laparotomy and intra-operative ultrasound. The diagnostic yield of WCE was compared to the surgical exploration.Results: Sixteen subjects underwent surgery; 11/16 had positive WCE identifying 16 bulging lesions. Mini-laparotomy found 13 NETs in 11/16 patients (9 small bowel, 3 pancreas, 1 bile ducts). Agreement between WCE and laparotomy was recorded in 9 patients (Sensitivity=75%; Specificity=37.5%; PPV=55%; NPV=60%). Correspondence assessed per-lesions produced similar results (Sensitivity=70%; Specificity=25%; PPV=44%; NPV=50%). No capsule retentions were recorded.Conclusions: Wireless-capsule endoscopy is not indicated as second-line investigation for patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic NETs. In the setting of a referral center, it might provide additional information when conventional investigations are inconclusive about the primary site.Abbreviations: DBE: double balloon enteroscopy; GEP-NET: gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; GI: gastrointestinal; ENETS: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society; NET: neuroendocrine tumor; SSRS: somatostatin receptor scintigraphy; WCE: wireless capsule endoscopy.

Update Treatment for Prolactinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chávez Hernández María Margarita ◽  
Jiménez Báez María Valeria ◽  
Armijo Medina María Fernanda ◽  
Domínguez Leyva Jorge Miguel ◽  
Góngora Valencia Karen Alejandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
First Line ◽  
Agonist Therapy ◽  
Dopamine Agonist Therapy ◽  
Gonadal Dysfunction

Prolactinomas are the most common type of functional pituitary tumor. The present manuscript is an update on the treatment modalities for prolactinomas. Effective hyperprolactinemia treatment is of great importance, due to its potential deleterious effects including infertility, gonadal dysfunction and osteoporosis. Dopamine agonist therapy is the first line of treatment for prolactinomas; recurrence of disease after cessation of the drug may occur in patients. Its safety profile remains high, allowing its use during pregnancy.

Sport-Related and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Motives and Consequences Of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among NCAA Athletes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callon M Williams ◽  
Michael T Shaw ◽  
Nadine R Mastroleo ◽  
Emily L Zale
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Psychosocial Correlates ◽  
Ncaa Athletes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Aims To review differences in alcohol- and cannabis-related motives and consequences among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes as a function of athlete characteristics (e.g. gender and competition season status). Methods Procedures followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, PsycINFO and manual reference list review were used to identify studies that reported alcohol- or cannabis-related motives and consequences among NCAA athletes as a function of gender, race, season status, division level or sport-type through December 2019. Relevant findings and any reported psychosocial correlates were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results The majority of studies (K = 15) focused on alcohol-related motives or consequences, with one examining cannabis-related motives, and no studies examined cannabis-related consequences. Social drinking motives were strongest among men and White NCAA athletes, and athlete-specific motives were most salient for men and in-season athletes. Cannabis use motives for positive reinforcement (e.g. enhancement) and coping were also strongest during the in-season. Negative alcohol-related consequences were greatest among men, athletes of color and out-of-season athletes, although women and in-season athletes experienced more consequences in athletic performance. Our exploratory aim revealed two studies that examined psychosocial correlates, and the results indicate that sensation-seeking, stress and negative affect were associated with more alcohol-related consequences. Conclusion NCAA athletes are a heterogenous population, and their motives and consequences of use appear to vary across multiple athlete factors (e.g., gender). This review highlights the gaps in the literature and suggests future research directions to identify the risk and protective factors for substance use among NCAA athletes.

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