Between demonstrative and definite: A grammar competition model of the evolution of French l-determiners

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-437
Author(s):  
Alexandra Simonenko ◽  
Anne Carlier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Competition Model ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Mixed Distribution ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Presupposition Triggers

AbstractThis article investigates the spread of the le/la/les-forms in the diachrony of French on the basis of large-scale corpora. It focuses on the issue of their “mixed” distribution viz. the observation that during a long period of time the le/la/les-forms in French do not pattern as either (anaphoric) demonstratives from which they originate (Late Latin ille), nor as (uniqueness-based) definites, which they end up becoming in Modern French. We model the phenomenon as a competition between two grammars which ascribe different Logical Forms to the l-forms and test model predictions in contexts which differ with respect to whether they satisfy the relevant conditions for either demonstrative or definite semantics. We also suggest that this change was part of a larger change involving the spread of presupposition triggers within noun phrases. We show that our model correctly predicts the relative rates of determiner spread in various contexts.

scholarly journals Composite bulges – II. Classical bulges and nuclear discs in barred galaxies: the contrasting cases of NGC 4608 and NGC 4643

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 2446-2473
Author(s):  
Peter Erwin ◽  
Anil Seth ◽  
Victor P Debattista ◽  
Marja Seidel ◽  
Kianusch Mehrgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stellar Kinematics ◽  
Barred Galaxies ◽  
Circular Structure ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Kinematic Analyses ◽  
Stellar Kinematic

ABSTRACT We present detailed morphological, photometric, and stellar-kinematic analyses of the central regions of two massive, early-type barred galaxies with nearly identical large-scale morphologies. Both have large, strong bars with prominent inner photometric excesses that we associate with boxy/peanut-shaped (B/P) bulges; the latter constitute ∼30 per cent of the galaxy light. Inside its B/P bulge, NGC 4608 has a compact, almost circular structure (half-light radius Re ≈ 310 pc, Sérsic n = 2.2) we identify as a classical bulge, amounting to 12.1 per cent of the total light, along with a nuclear star cluster (Re ∼ 4 pc). NGC 4643, in contrast, has a nuclear disc with an unusual broken-exponential surface-brightness profile (13.2 per cent of the light), and a very small spheroidal component (Re ≈ 35 pc, n = 1.6; 0.5 per cent of the light). IFU stellar kinematics support this picture, with NGC 4608’s classical bulge slowly rotating and dominated by high velocity dispersion, while NGC 4643’s nuclear disc shows a drop to lower dispersion, rapid rotation, V–h3 anticorrelation, and elevated h4. Both galaxies show at least some evidence for V–h3correlation in the bar (outside the respective classical bulge and nuclear disc), in agreement with model predictions. Standard two-component (bulge/disc) decompositions yield B/T ∼ 0.5–0.7 (and bulge n > 2) for both galaxies. This overestimates the true ‘spheroid’ components by factors of 4 (NGC 4608) and over 100 (NGC 4643), illustrating the perils of naive bulge-disc decompositions applied to massive barred galaxies.

Large-scale prediction of aboveground biomass in heterogeneous mountain forests by means of airborne laser scanning

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1138-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maltamo ◽  
O.M. Bollandsås ◽  
T. Gobakken ◽  
E. Næsset
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Forest Conditions

This study considered airborne laser scanning (ALS) based aboveground biomass (AGB) prediction in mountain forests. The study area consisted of a long transect from southern Norway to northern parts of the country with wide ranges of elevation along a long latitudinal gradient (58°N–69°N). This transect was covered by ALS data and field data from 238 plots. AGB was modeled using different types of predictor variables, namely ALS metrics, variables related to growing conditions (elevation, latitude, and climatic variables), and tree species information. Modelling of AGB in the long transect covering diverse mountainous forest conditions was challenging: the RMSE values were rather large (37%–70%). The effects of growing conditions on model predictions were minor. However, species information was essential to improve accuracy. The analysis revealed that when doing inventories of spruce-dominated areas, all plots should be pooled together when the models are developed, whereas if pine or deciduous species dominate the area in question, separate dominant species-wise models should be constructed.

scholarly journals THE IDEAL DISTRIBUTION OF FARMERS: EXPLAINING THE EURO-AMERICAN SETTLEMENT OF UTAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Yaworsky ◽  
Brian F. Codding
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Ideal

Explaining how and why populations settle a new landscape is central to many questions in American archaeology. Recent advances in settlement research have adopted predictions from the Ideal Free Distribution model (IFD). While tests of IFD predictions to date rely either on archaeologically derived coarse-grained diachronic data or ethnographically derived fine-grained synchronic data, here we provide the first test using historically derived data that is both fine-grained and diachronic. Fine-grain diachronic data allow us to test model predictions at a temporal scale in line with human settlement decisions and to validate proxies for application in archaeological contexts. To test model predictions pertaining to the relationship between population density and habitat quality, we use data from the historical settlement of Utah. The results demonstrate a negative relationship between population density and the quality of habitats occupied. These results are consistent with IFD predictions, suggesting that Euro-American settlement of Utah resulted from individuals attempting to maximize individual returns via agricultural productivity. Our results provide a quantitative and testable explanation for population dispersion over time and explain the spatial distribution of population density today. The results support predictions derived from a general theory of behavior, providing an explanatory framework for colonization events worldwide.

scholarly journals SPAN512: A new mid-latitude pulsar survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S291) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Desvignes ◽  
Ismaël Cognard ◽  
David Champion ◽  
Patrick Lazarus ◽  
Patrice Lespagnol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Time ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Sensitivity Limit ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Large Bandwidth ◽  
L Band ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe present an ongoing survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope at L-band. The targeted area is 74° ≲ l < 150° and 3.5° < |b| < 5°. This survey is characterized by a long integration time (18 min), large bandwidth (512 MHz) and high time and frequency resolution (64 μs and 0.5 MHz) giving a nominal sensitivity limit of 0.055 mJy for long period pulsars. This is about 2 times better than the mid-latitude HTRU survey, and is designed to be complementary with current large scale surveys. This survey will be more sensitive to transients (RRATs, intermittent pulsars), distant and faint millisecond pulsars as well as scintillating sources (or any other kind of radio faint sources) than all previous short-integration surveys.

Fatigue Capacity of Stiffener to Web Frame Connections

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjo̸rn Lindemark ◽  
Inge Lotsberg ◽  
Joong-Kyoo Kang ◽  
Kwang-Seok Kim ◽  
Narve Oma
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Test Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
Plate Connections

Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. (DSME), StatoilHydro and DNV established a common project to investigate the reason for the difference between calculated fatigue lives and the in-service experience and to assess the fatigue capacity of stiffener web connections subjected mainly to web frame shear stresses. The main objective of the work was to establish fatigue test data and perform numerical analysis of collar plate connections in order to provide improved confidence in analysis methodology for fatigue life assessment. Large scale fatigue tests of different types of connections were carried out to obtain fatigue test data of collar plate connections. Finite element analyses were carried out for comparison with fatigue test data and with measured stresses on the test model. Based on this work recommendations on fatigue design analysis of connections between stiffeners and web frames have been derived. The background for this is presented in this paper.

scholarly journals The Magnetized Disk-Halo Transition Region of M51

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (A30) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kierdorf ◽  
S. A. Mao ◽  
A. Fletcher ◽  
R. Beck ◽  
M. Haverkorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Region ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
X Band ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Grand Design ◽  
Different Depths

AbstractAn excellent laboratory for studying large scale magnetic fields is the grand design face-on spiral galaxy M51. Due to wavelength-dependent Faraday depolarization, linearly polarized synchrotron emission at different radio frequencies gives a picture of the galaxy at different depths: Observations at L-band (1 – 2 GHz) probe the halo region while at C- and X-band (4 – 8 GHz) the linearly polarized emission probe the disk region of M51. We present new observations of M51 using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at S-band (2 – 4 GHz), where previously no polarization observations existed, to shed new light on the transition region between the disk and the halo. We discuss a model of the depolarization of synchrotron radiation in a multilayer magneto-ionic medium and compare the model predictions to the multi-frequency polarization data of M51 between 1 – 8 GHz. The new S-band data are essential to distinguish between different models. Our study shows that the initial model parameters, i.e. the total regular and turbulent magnetic field strengths in the disk and halo of M51, need to be adjusted to successfully fit the models to the data.

Full-Scale Reynolds Number VIV Testing of Tri-Helically Grooved Drill Riser Buoyancy Module

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin Gaskill ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Decao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrodynamic Force ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Force Coefficient ◽  
Test Cylinder ◽  
Test Models

A newly developed Tri-Helically Grooved drilling riser buoyancy module design was tested in the towing tank of SINTEF Ocean in June 2017. This new design aims to reduce riser drag loading and suppress vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). Objectives of the test program were two-fold: to assess the hydrodynamic performance of the design allowing for validation of previous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies through empirical measurements, and, to develop a hydrodynamic force coefficient database to be used in numerical simulations to evaluate drilling riser deformation due to drag loading and fatigue lives when subjected to VIV. This paper provides the parameters of the testing program and a discussion of the results from the various testing configurations assessed. Tests were performed using large scale, rigid cylinder test models at Reynolds numbers in the super-critical flow regime, defined as starting at a Reynolds number of Re = 3.5 × 105 – 5.0 × 105 (depending on various literatures) and continuing until Re = 3 × 106. Towing tests, with fixed and freely oscillating test models, were completed with both a bare test cylinder and a test cylinder with the Tri-Helical Groove design. Additional forced motion tests were performed on the helically grooved model to calculate lift and added mass coefficients at various amplitudes and frequencies of oscillation for the generation of a hydrodynamic force coefficient database for VIV prediction software. Significant differences were observed in the hydrodynamic performance of the bare and helically grooved test models considering both in-line (IL) drag and cross-flow (CF) cylinder excitation and oscillation amplitude. For the helically grooved model, measured static drag shows a strong independence from Reynolds number and elimination of the drag crisis region with an average drag coefficient of 0.63. Effective elimination of VIV and subsequent drag amplification was observed at relatively higher reduced velocities, where the bare test model shows a significant dynamic response. A small level of expected response for the helically grooved model was seen across the lower range of reduced velocities. However, disruption of vortex correlation still occurs in this range and non-sinusoidal and highly amplitude-modulated responses were observed.

Design of Huge Complex Building of Two Structurally Independent Seismic Isolation Structures Coupled by Unique Expansion Joint

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Kokonno ◽  
Tatsuhiko Maeda ◽  
Keita Tahara ◽  
Marina Kouda ◽  
Yoshiaki Sawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Complex Building

<p>For large‐scale complex facilities, the authors designed seismic isolation structures which were ensured the highest‐level safety in a rational and economic way.</p><p>We split the building into two first, and then planned the buildings so that their spans and story heights might be optimum according to their uses, and performed the structural design of each building in pursuit of rationality and economic efficiency as well as safety. Finally, the buildings were integrated into one by connecting the two seismic isolation buildings with special expansion joint which was developed for these buildings.</p><p>Additionally, we considered long‐period earthquakes and strong inland earthquakes that were larger than the reference earthquake of the Japanese Building Codes to ensure highest‐level aseismic performance.</p>

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