scholarly journals 4364 Ethicists’ Viewpoints on Face Transplant: A survey study to guide clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
Marissa Suchyta ◽  
Richard Sharp ◽  
Hatem Amer ◽  
Elizabeth Bradley ◽  
Samir Mardini
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Face Transplant ◽  
Insight Into

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Face transplant can offer functional and aesthetic restoration to patients who have exhausted reconstructive options. Ethical issues in face transplant still abound, including that of patient selection. The goal of this study was to assess ethicists’ viewpoints on face transplant. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A large-scale online survey of attendees of the International Conference on Clinical Ethics Consultation (N = 401) was performed to assess ethicists’ opinions on issues in face transplant. Questions were asked regarding the risk-benefit ratio of immunosuppression, permissibility of face transplant for more recipient subpopulations (including children and blind patients), donor-recipient age, gender, and ethnicity mismatches, and ethics committee make-up. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among 84 respondents, 84% agreed it is permissible to perform a face transplant on an adult with no medical contraindications. The majority of respondents agreed that it is permissible to perform a face transplant on a child or blind recipient. An issue of continued concern was risk of immunosuppression. Respondents had a high threshold of permissibility for ethnic mismatches between donor and recipient, and 43% reported it is permissible to have a gender mismatch. A 10 year age difference between donor and recipient was the most commonly accepted. Questions regarding the ideal composition of a face transplant ethics committee demonstrated consensus on the roles that should be represented. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study provides insight into ethicists’ viewpoints on face transplant, which demonstrates a high level of permissibility towards the procedure. This may be due to the early success of face transplants and the shifting ethical issues in the field to practical aspects of the procedure. This research also provides guidance to programs regarding questions of donor and recipient selection, ethics committee composition, and offers insight into strengthening the ethical framework of the field.

scholarly journals Ethical issues in the use of SMS messaging in HIV care and treatment in low- and middle-income countries: case examples from Mozambique

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel B Ossemane ◽  
Troy D Moon ◽  
Martin C Were ◽  
Elizabeth Heitman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Retention In Hiv Care ◽  
Care And Treatment ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract The introduction of mobile communication technologies in health care in low- and middle-income countries offers an opportunity for increased efficiencies in provision of care, improved utilization of scarce resources, reductions in workload, and increased reach of services to a larger target population. Short message service (SMS) technologies offer promise, with several large-scale SMS-based implementations already under way. Still largely lacking in the research literature are evaluations of specific ethical issues that arise when SMS programs are implemented and studied in resource-limited settings. In this paper, we examine the ethical issues raised by the deployment of SMS messaging to support patient retention in HIV care and treatment and in the research conducted to evaluate that deployment. We use case studies that are based in Mozambique and ground our discussion in the ethical framework for international research proposed by Emanuel et al., highlighting ethical considerations needed to guide the design and implementation of future SMS-based interventions. Such guidance is increasingly needed in countries such as Mozambique, where the local capacity for ethical study design and oversight is still limited and the scale-up and study of mHealth initiatives are still driven predominantly by international collaborators. These issues can be complex and will need ongoing attention on a case-by-case basis to ensure that appropriate protections are in place, while simultaneously maximizing the potential benefit of new mHealth technologies.

scholarly journals Exploring experiences of supports for suicide bereavement in Ireland: protocol for a national survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Selena O'Connell ◽  
Eimear Ruane-McAteer ◽  
Caroline Daly ◽  
Clíodhna O’Connor ◽  
Fiona Tuomey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Insight Into

Background A suicide death impacts upon the wellbeing of close family members and friends but has also been shown to affect many people outside of this immediate circle. This will be the first large-scale national study of adults bereaved or affected by suicide in Ireland, using a cross-sectional online survey. The overarching aim will be to gain insight into the experiences of supports received by people bereaved or affected by suicide and to identify the barriers to engagement following their loss. Methods A cross-sectional survey will be conducted among adults in Ireland who have been bereaved or affected by suicide. This project will seek to represent people with different demographics and backgrounds in the Irish population using a multifaceted approach to survey recruitment. A range of validated measures will be used to examine participants’ current wellbeing and grief experience. A combination of closed and open-ended questions will provide participants the opportunity to share their individual experiences, the services and supports available to them, and barriers and enablers to accessing supports. Results Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Chi-squared tests will be used to compare subgroups within categorical data items, and multivariable regression models will be used to examine differences in psychosocial and physical wellbeing across key groups. Qualitative content analysis will be used for qualitative responses to open-ended questions. Conclusions The survey will provide an in-depth understanding of the psychosocial and mental health impacts of suicide bereavement in Ireland; insight into the range of informal and formal supports accessed; and will identify unmet needs and challenges of accessing appropriate and timely supports. The findings will inform current national actions aimed at ensuring the standardisation and quality of the services and supports for those bereaved or affected by suicide.

scholarly journals Feeling Connected after Experiencing Digital Nature: A Survey Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josca van Houwelingen-Snippe ◽  
Thomas J. L. van Rompay ◽  
Somaya Ben Allouch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
Complementary Strategy ◽  
Nature Scenes ◽  
Digital Nature

Digital nature can provide a substitute for real nature for those who have limited access to green space, or are confined to their homes, for example during the worldwide COVID-19 lockdown. In a large-scale online survey, respondents (N = 1203) watched videos of digital nature, varying in terms of type of nature (wild versus tended nature) and spaciousness. Results show a significant increase of feelings of connectedness to the community after watching digital nature. Furthermore, tended nature scenes elicited more social aspirations than wild nature scenes. A multiple regression model further shows that living further away from nature was a significant predictor for loneliness scores, while number of nature interactions during a week was not. Results of this study confirm the importance of nature interaction for mental and social wellbeing for the general population and stress the potential of digital nature as a complementary strategy. These findings are of particular relevance to those who lack access to nature due to old age and related mobility constraints or a lockdown.

scholarly journals Implementation of Interdisciplinary Province-Wide Webinar Series During the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Federation of Medical Specialists of Quebec (FMSQ): A Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena Turkdogan ◽  
Tanya Chen ◽  
Tobial McHugh ◽  
Martin Tremblay ◽  
Diane Francoeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Surgical Specialty ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Professional Needs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Data Points ◽  
One Year

Objectives: COVID-19 has forced a transformation in continuing professional development (CPD), shifting to virtual platforms. We report the results of a rapidly-implemented COVID-19 online interdisciplinary CPD webinar series. We aimed to determine if this virtual approach for large-scale CPD was relevant, appreciated, and effective for specialist physicians in Quebec.Methods and Analysis: This was a retrospective descriptive online survey-based study. The weekly virtual educational webinars took place between March 3, 2020 to June 15, 2020, resulting in a total of 26 webinars over 16 weeks. The study included all individuals who attended any of the webinar sessions, namely specialist physicians and department chiefs. Number of participants and overall appreciation of webinar sessions were data points collected.Results: Across all webinars, there were 8,500 unique specialist physicians which comprises 80.7% of the entire specialist practicing population in Quebec. Of note, every medical and surgical specialty was represented by attendance in at least one session. In total, 27,504 evaluation forms were completed out of all the sessions, meaning a 78.4% response rate. In post-webinar surveys, 97.6% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the webinars were pertinent to their practice and 94.6% agreed or strongly agreed that the presentation met their continuing professional needs.Conclusions: This novel interdisciplinary COVID-19 webinar series is a successful and appreciated strategy to maintain CPD amidst a global pandemic. One year later, it has become a mainstay in our toolbox and we trust this unique model of large-scale interdisciplinary CPD via webinar sessions is useful in normal times as well as in times of crisis.

scholarly journals Exploring experiences of supports for suicide bereavement in Ireland: protocol for a national survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Selena O'Connell ◽  
Eimear Ruane-McAteer ◽  
Caroline Daly ◽  
Clíodhna O’Connor ◽  
Fiona Tuomey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Insight Into

Background A suicide death impacts upon the wellbeing of close family members and friends but has also been shown to affect many people outside of this immediate circle. This will be the first large-scale national study of adults bereaved or affected by suicide in Ireland, using a cross-sectional online survey. The overarching aim will be to gain insight into the experiences of supports received by people bereaved or affected by suicide and to identify the barriers to engagement following their loss. Methods A cross-sectional survey will be conducted among adults in Ireland who have been bereaved or affected by suicide. This project will seek to represent people with different demographics and backgrounds in the Irish population using a multifaceted approach to survey recruitment. A range of validated measures will be used to examine participants’ current wellbeing and grief experience. A combination of closed and open-ended questions will provide participants the opportunity to share their individual experiences, the services and supports available to them, and barriers and enablers to accessing supports. Results Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Chi-squared tests will be used to compare subgroups within categorical data items, and multivariable regression models will be used to examine differences in psychosocial and physical wellbeing across key groups. Qualitative content analysis will be used for qualitative responses to open-ended questions. Conclusions The survey will provide an in-depth understanding of the psychosocial and mental health impacts of suicide bereavement in Ireland; insight into the range of informal and formal supports accessed; and will identify unmet needs and challenges of accessing appropriate and timely supports. The findings will inform current national actions aimed at ensuring the standardisation and quality of the services and supports for those bereaved or affected by suicide.

scholarly journals Comparison of Autistic Individuals Who Engage in Self-Injurious Behavior, Aggression, and Both Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Edelson
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Insensitivity To Pain ◽  
Insight Into

Background. Two of the most challenging behaviors exhibited by individuals on the autism spectrum are self-injurious behavior (SIB) and aggression. The aim of this study was to identify co-occurring symptoms, behaviors, and medical comorbidities that may provide insight into understanding and treating these behaviors. Method. A large-scale online survey was used to collect data on symptoms, behaviors, and medically related comorbidities commonly reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on responses from 2327 participants, individuals with ASD were divided into four categories: individuals who engaged in SIB only, individuals who engaged in aggression only, individuals who engaged in both behaviors, and individuals who engaged in neither behavior. Results. There were several characteristics and comorbidities associated with those who engaged in SIB only and in aggression only, in addition to those who engaged in both behaviors. Conclusion. The findings in this study provide evidence to support at least two underlying causes of these behaviors (insensitivity to pain and reactions to food) as well as implications for treating them. Furthermore, several behaviors often observed during early childhood may be considered early predictors of these challenging behaviors.

scholarly journals Fantasy Football (Soccer) Playing and Internet Addiction Among Online Fantasy Football Participants: A Descriptive Survey Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Columb ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Colin O’Gara
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Fantasy Football ◽  
Internet Forums ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Descriptive Survey

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to ascertain the levels of possible internet addiction within fantasy football (FF) (soccer) participants and the characteristics of the participants within this group. An online survey of questions regarding characteristics of regular FF participants and consumption of FF-related content was posted on FF internet forums (Reddit and Boards.ie). Self-selecting participants (N = 684) completed the survey containing questions on FF (time spent during weekdays/weekend on FF, gambling on FF, devices used to access FF), internet use (time spent on internet on weekdays/weekends) and an internet addiction screening questionnaire (Chen Internet Addiction Scale). Subgroup analysis was performed on each variable by nationality (Irish, UK and worldwide). Of the 684 participants, 17.5% (diagnostic) and 24.9% (screening) participants met criteria for internet addiction, above the expected level in the general population. The most frequent time spent on FF during weekdays was 30–60 min per day (32.2%) and 1–2 h per day on weekends (29.1%). Over half of participants (50.6%) gambled on FF with the majority (61.3%) gambling once per year and 74.3% of participants gambling less than €50 per year on FF. Avid FF participants demonstrated an increased likelihood of internet addiction compared prevalence rates of previous epidemiological studies among different cohorts. This may be due to FF itself and the increased consumption of FF-related content. Further large-scale nationally representative studies are required to compare regular and casual participants of FF in relation to possible internet addiction.

scholarly journals Faculty Views on International Students: A Survey Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jin ◽  
Jason Schneider
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Faculty Beliefs ◽  
Training And Support

This article investigates perceptions of international students among faculty at a university in the United States. Based on data collected from a large-scale online survey (n=261), the study explores four issues: 1) faculty perceptions of international students’ positive attributes; 2) faculty perceptions of international students’ academic and social challenges; 3) faculty perceptions of their own challenges when teaching international students; and 4) statistically significant relationships between faculty views and their own background characteristics, including ethnicity, academic status, multilingual skills, birth place, and experience studying or living abroad. Results offer new insights on faculty beliefs and highlight key considerations in the hiring, training, and support of faculty to promote positive learning experiences for international students.

scholarly journals The Role of Physicians in Digitalizing Health Care Provision: Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Burmann ◽  
Max Tischler ◽  
Mira Faßbach ◽  
Sophie Schneitler ◽  
Sven Meister
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Health Care Provision ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Willingness To Participate

BACKGROUND Digitalization affects all areas of society, including the health care sector. However, the digitalization of health care provision is progressing slowly compared to other sectors. In the professional and political literature, physicians are partially portrayed as digitalization sceptics. Thus, the role of physicians in this process requires further investigation. The theory of “digital natives” suggests a lower hurdle for younger generations to engage with digital technologies. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the role of physicians in the process of digitalizing health care provision in Germany and to assess the age factor. METHODS We conducted a large-scale study to assess the role of this professional group in the progress of the digital transformation of the German health care sector. Therefore, in an anonymous online survey, we inquired about the current digital penetration of the personal working environment, expectations, attitude toward, and concerns regarding digitalization. Based on these data, we studied associations with the nominal variable age and variations across 2 age groups. RESULTS The 1274 participants included in the study generally showed a high affinity towards digitalization with a mean of 3.88 on a 5-point Likert scale; 723 respondents (56.75%) stated they personally use mobile apps in their everyday working life, with a weak tendency to be associated with the respondents’ age (η=0.26). Participants saw the most noticeable existing benefits through digitalization in data quality and readability (882/1274, 69.23%) and the least in patient engagement (213/1274, 16.72%). Medical practitioners preponderantly expect further improvements through increased digitalization across almost all queried areas but the most in access to medical knowledge (1136/1274, 89.17%), treatment of orphan diseases (1016/1274, 79.75%), and medical research (1023/1274, 80.30%). CONCLUSIONS Respondents defined their role in the digitalization of health care provision as ambivalent: “scrutinizing” on the one hand but “active” and “open” on the other. A gap between willingness to participate and digital sovereignty was indicated. Thus, education on digitalization as a means to support health care provision should not only be included in the course of study but also in the continuing process of further and advanced training.

Should Relapse Always Be Punished? A Survey Study into Forensic Social Professionals’ Attitudes to Substance Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110239
Author(s):  
Vivienne de Vogel ◽  
Lianne Kleijer-Kool ◽  
Jolein Monnee-van Doormalen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Addiction Services ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Insight Into

Health professionals’ attitudes to substance abusers have been reported as suboptimal with potential adverse consequences for the quality of health care provided. Less is known about professionals working with addicted clients in mandated contexts. The aim of this study is to gain insight into forensic social professionals’ attitudes to substance use and examine differences between subgroups of professionals. An online survey including the Brief Substance Abuse Attitude Scale was completed by 314 Dutch forensic social professionals. Overall, forensic social professionals’ attitudes to substance use and treatability were positive, but there were differences regarding needed treatment interventions and ways of controlling substance use. Professionals who work within specialist addiction services had less moralistic and stereotypical attitudes. Professionals who have personal experiences with addiction reported to be more tolerant, but at the same time more convinced of strict control of substances use of their clients.

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