scholarly journals BECKER AND THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Lee
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
World War ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Gary Becker ◽  
The World ◽  
Mass Starvation ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

It was a different era when Gary Becker did his groundbreaking work on the economics of fertility, during the years from the late 1950 through the early 1990s. There was great concern then about the “population explosion” due to sustained high fertility in the developing world after mortality declined following World War II. In 1968, Paul Ehrlich published “The Population Bomb” predicting disaster and mass starvation due to rapid population growth: “The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s, the world will undergo famines – hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death. . . .” Robert McNamara, then the President of the World Bank, in 1984 said “Short of thermonuclear war itself, population growth is the gravest issue the world faces over the decades immediately ahead. If we do not act, the problem will be solved by famine, riots, insurrection and war.”

Agency and Accountability in Multilateral Development Finance: An Agenda for Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-140
Author(s):  
Sophie E. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
World War ◽  
Development Finance ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Copenhagen Accord ◽  
The World ◽  
Aid Architecture

Recent development challenges highlight a pressing need to re-evaluate whether the post-World War II behemoths of multilateral development finance are up to the tasks being demanded of them today. The institutions that dominate the current order, the United Nations (“UN”) and the World Bank, are undergoing a crisis of confidence as the world’s development aid donors engage in an ongoing quest to find alternatives to them. This quest takes the form of setting up numerous funds narrowly tailored to finance specific, narrowly-defined needs. Examples of these funds include the Global Environment Trust Fund (GEF) and the Global Fund to Fight HIV Aids, Malaria and Tuberculosis. The Climate Change Fund, proposed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Accord (and recently renamed the Green Climate Fund), is poised to follow this approach. This ad hoc special purpose fund approach lacks a coherent, unifying vision of how to meet today’s development challenges. The funds that have been created fill a need but suffer from several deficits, ranging from governance gaps and lacunae in accountability, to high transaction costs and uncertain status in the international political and legal order. These deficits generate new risks and costs for the international aid architecture. In this Article, I argue that the time has come to re-design the interrelationship between these special purpose funds and the UN and the World Bank so that these funds can operate in sync with these institutions rather than as bypasses of them.

scholarly journals IFIs’ Conditionalities, Poverty Reduction, and Employment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4II) ◽  
pp. 435-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabur Ghayur
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
International Financial Architecture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

Rising from the debris of the World War-II and also the devastations caused by the great depression of 1930s, the Bretton Woods twins—international monetary fund (IMF) and the world bank; rather the world bank group1—have over the years emerged as important players of the international financial arena. They are the major component of international financial architecture in addressing global macro and financial stability. The Bank together with the regional multi-lateral development banks (MDBs), such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the Asian and the Pacific region, is making its contribution in building necessary infrastructure needed to initiate and support the development process, the recent reduced emphasis on such projects notwithstanding.

Victory, Roosevelt’s Synthesis, and the Postwar World, 1944–1945

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-238
Author(s):  
David F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The success of the D-Day landing on June 6, 1944 began the last stage of World War II that culminated in victory in Europe in May 1945 and Asia in August 1945. While Roosevelt did not live to see the final victories, his actions in 1944 and early 1945 shaped much of the postwar period. The month after the landings at Normandy beach, forty-four nations met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire where they established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In August, delegates from around the world gathered at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington to begin the establishment of the United Nations. In February, 1945, the Big Three met again at Yalta to plan for the end of the war, occupation of Germany, and postwar peace.

scholarly journals Poverty Consequences of Globalisation in OIC Countries: A Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 479-492
Author(s):  
M. Tariq Majeed
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Second Period

Williamson (2002) points out that ‘the world has seen two globalisation booms over the past two centuries and one bust. The first global century ended with World War I and the second started at the end of World War II, while the years in between were ones of anti-global backlash’. In the first period of globalisation, poverty fell from 84 percent in 1820 to 66 percent in 1910. In the second period of globalisation poverty fell from 55 percent in 1950 to 24 percent in 1992. In the inter-war period, the world population living in poverty remains probably stagnant. The historical negative relationship between globalisation and poverty masks variations within and between countries in their experiences with globalisation. Many decades of increasing globalisation have not yet silenced the debate over the benefits of globalisation. The fierce street protests surrounding the ministerial meeting of the WTO and similar protests at the World Bank and the IMF show that anti-globalisation debate is getting strong.

scholarly journals UNIVERSAL MAN: The Seven Lives of John Maynard Keynes

10.26458/1545 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Criatian Uta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
World War ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Measures

John Maynard Keynes was one of the most influential personalities of the twentieth century. It is considered one of the creators of what today we call Macroeconomics. He played an important role during the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, after which were put up substantial postwar financial institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The economic policy measures he proposed prevailed in the first decades after World War II and saw a revival in recent years due to the financial crisis of 2008-2009. His works on economics have seen many editions and have been translated into most languages.  

THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

A war hero or a Hitler soldier?

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Committee ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third Reich

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.

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