scholarly journals Orienting through the Variants of the Shah’s A-Posteriori Novelty Metric

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2317-2326
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fiorineschi ◽  
Francesco Saverio Frillici ◽  
Federico Rotini
Keyword(s):  
Idea Generation ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Selection Framework ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Way

AbstractDifferent variants of a-posteriori novelty metrics can be found in the literature. Indeed, such a kind of assessment procedures is often used to extract useful information about creativity and/or idea generation effectiveness. In particular, the metric proposed by Shah et al. in 2003, is one of the most used and discussed in the literature. However, scholars highlighted some flaws for this metric, and some variants have been proposed to overcome them. This paper argues about the variants proposed for the a-posteriori metric of Shah et al., and proposes a selection framework to support researchers in selecting the most suited for their experimental needs. The proposed selection framework also highlights important research hints, which could pave the way for future activities. More specifically, it is still necessary to support the identification of the best-suited abstraction framework to assign weights to attributes, and the assignment of weights should be better supported as well. Moreover, this paper highlights the presence of “uncommonness of key attributes”, which needs to be investigated for experimental cases where ideas missing some key attributes are present.

scholarly journals Trauma and Sacrifice in Divided Communities: The Sacralisation of the Victims of Terrorism in Spain

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Eliana Alemán ◽  
José Pérez-Agote
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
The State ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Public Demonstrations ◽  
The Way

This work aims to show that the sacrificial status of the victims of acts of terrorism, such as the 2004 Madrid train bombings (“11-M”) and ETA (Basque Homeland and Liberty) attacks in Spain, is determined by how it is interpreted by the communities affected and the manner in which it is ritually elaborated a posteriori by society and institutionalised by the state. We also explore the way in which the sacralisation of the victim is used in socially and politically divided societies to establish the limits of the pure and the impure in defining the “Us”, which is a subject of dispute. To demonstrate this, we first describe two traumatic events of particular social and political significance (the case of Miguel Ángel Blanco and the 2004 Madrid train bombings). Secondly, we analyse different manifestations of the institutional discourse regarding victims in Spain, examining their representation in legislation, in public demonstrations by associations of victims of terrorism and in commemorative “performances” staged in Spain. We conclude that in societies such as Spain’s, where there exists a polarisation of the definition of the “Us”, the success of cultural and institutional performances oriented towards reparation of the terrorist trauma is precarious. Consequently, the validity of the post-sacrificial narrative centring on the sacred value of human life is ephemeral and thus fails to displace sacrificial narratives in which particularist definitions of the sacred Us predominate.

scholarly journals Deconstruction of Idea Generation Methods Into a Framework of Creativity Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senni Kirjavainen ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto
Keyword(s):  
Idea Generation ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Parallel Track ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Ideation Methods ◽  
Creative Ideation ◽  
The Way

Abstract Creative ideas are a central part of solving engineering problems, generating interesting art, as well as developing successful products and innovations. Idea generation methods are a well-researched topic. Specifically, there is significant research that focuses on specific idea generation methods and how they perform. Further, some method classifications have been suggested to help understand the cognitive mechanisms involved in creative ideation as well as the differences between methods. Yet, the discourse is usually on which ideation method outperforms another or how to improve an ideation method rather than the elements, rules, constraints, and activities that comprise ideation methods. In this study 76 well-documented idea generation methods are reviewed and analyzed. We find all analyzed methods consist of 25 mechanisms. The mechanisms are discussed and classified into idea promoting and implementation mechanisms. We suggest that rather than focusing research only on methods, there should be a parallel track of research creating understanding on these mechanisms and their interactions to help increase our understanding of creativity methods, add practitioners understanding on how to get the best advantages out of creativity methods and lastly improve the way practical creativity is approached in education.

scholarly journals The Effect of IT on After-sales Service in Small- and Medium-Sized Industries

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Özdemir ◽  
Hasan Asil
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Certainty Level ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
The Way

<p>In a world where competition is based on quality of service, quality distance between products becomes smaller day by day. Nowadays, after-sales service can be considered as an inseparable part of industrial products. The development of IT has paved the way for offering better services for customers in a shorter time in a way that these days it is called the electronic after-sales service. Based on this, the present research has analyzed the effect of using IT on after-sales service in small- and medium-sized industries. This research is a causal or a posteriori one which tries to answer the question of whether the use of IT can influence the quality of after-sales service offered by small- and medium-sized industries. According to results with a certainty level of %5, IT influences the accessibility of after-sales service in small- and medium-sized industries.</p>

scholarly journals Deconstruction of Idea Generation Methods Into a Framework of Creativity Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senni Kirjavainen ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Parallel Track ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Ideation Methods ◽  
Creative Ideation ◽  
The Way

Abstract Creative ideas are a central part of design thinking, whether solving engineering problems, generating interesting art, as well as developing successful products and innovations. Idea generation methods are a well-researched topic, and there is significant research that focuses on specific idea generation methods and how they perform. Furthermore, several method classifications have been suggested to help understand the cognitive mechanisms involved in creative ideation as well as differences between methods. Yet, the discourse is usually on which ideation method outperforms another or how to improve an ideation method rather than the elements, rules, constraints, and activities that comprise ideation methods. In this study, 88 well-documented idea generation methods are reviewed and analyzed. We find all analyzed methods consist of 25 basic mechanisms. The mechanisms are discussed and classified into idea promoting and implementation mechanisms. We suggest that rather than focusing research only on methods, there should be a parallel track of research on these mechanisms and their interactions to help increase our understanding of creativity methods, add understanding for practitioners on how to get the best advantages out of creativity methods, and finally improve the way that practical creativity is approached in education.

Explaining Growth

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Kincaid
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
The Way

The aim of this article is to make explicit the kinds of arguments provided for evidence and explanations of the causes of growth, while paying some attention to the complexities and differences in interpretation of the models and data at issue. While its examples focus on growth, the practices described here are common and not peculiar to work on growth. Along the way, this article discusses such deep issues as the probability foundations of econometrics, the place of non-statistical evidence, conceptions of economics as a separate science, and complex kinds of causality. The issues are big and hard ones, thus they are not assessed completely. However, at the end this article tries to give a clearer understanding of two important research traditions in economics and their relation to issues in the philosophy of science.

Just Between You and Me: Mutual Recognition Agreements and the Most-Favoured Nation Principle

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSHUA A. ZELL
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Wto Appellate Body ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Gatt 1994 ◽  
Technical Regulations ◽  
The Way

AbstractMutual recognition agreements present unique legal issues in the application of the most-favoured nation obligations flowing from Article I:1 of GATT 1994 and Articles 2.1 and 5.1.1 of the TBT Agreement. Mutual recognition agreements come in two types – those recognizing the equivalence of technical regulations, and those recognizing the equivalence of conformity assessment procedures. Both carry potential trade advantages for state parties, but both also carry the potential to create unintended trade consequences for state parties if combined with a broad application of the most-favoured nation principle. The WTO Appellate Body has touched on a number of the relevant legal issues in a series of reports culminating in the May 2014 EC–Seals decision, but many questions remain. This article seeks to provide states and practitioners with a guide to the issues and the way in which the Appellate Body would most likely address the remaining questions, based on the existing jurisprudence.

scholarly journals Tourism during and after COVID-19: An Expert-Informed Agenda for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110172
Author(s):  
A. George Assaf ◽  
Florian Kock ◽  
Mike Tsionas
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Topics ◽  
The Way

With the COVID-19 pandemic reaching a more mature, yet still threatening, stage, the time is ripe to look forward in order to identify the topics and trends that will shape future tourism research and practice. This note sets out to develop an agenda for tourism research post COVID-19. We surveyed several industry and academic experts seeking their opinion on three important questions: What potential future topics are needed to address the impact of COVID-19? What existing research areas/topics will become more relevant? What changes are recommended for data collection? Interpreting and synthesizing the answers yields six focal research avenues that researchers should devote more attention and effort to. For each topic, we present various important research questions. By doing so, this note paves the way and serves as a signpost for countless intriguing future research endeavors that are of high relevance and demanded by the industry.

Williamson on the Distinction between the A Priori and the A Posteriori Once Again1

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Paul Boghossian ◽  
Timothy Williamson
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Sense Experience ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Epistemic Role ◽  
Problematic Claim ◽  
The Way

This essay responds to Williamson’s reformulated argument against the feasibility of a top-down characterization of the a priori–a posteriori distinction, arguing that Williamson fails to show that sense experience plays an irreducibly epistemic role in his new Mathematician example. Williamson’s example turns on the problematic claim that there is something intermediate between reading a proof lazily, deferring to the authority of its author, and reading it while checking its soundness for oneself. Furthermore, it is argued that Williamson’s defense of his Central argument is vitiated by a serious misreading of Boghossian’s initial criticism: that criticism was not meant to supply an alternative account of the way in which certain a priori propositions are known.

scholarly journals On methods and tools for rigorous system design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bliudze ◽  
Panagiotis Katsaros ◽  
Saddek Bensalem ◽  
Martin Wirsing
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Level Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Way

AbstractFull a posteriori verification of the correctness of modern software systems is practically infeasible due to the sheer complexity resulting from their intrinsic concurrent nature. An alternative approach consists of ensuring correctness by construction. We discuss the Rigorous System Design (RSD) approach, which relies on a sequence of semantics-preserving transformations to obtain an implementation of the system from a high-level model while preserving all the properties established along the way. In particular, we highlight some of the key requirements for the feasibility of such an approach, namely availability of (1) methods and tools for the design of correct-by-construction high-level models and (2) definition and proof of the validity of suitable domain-specific abstractions. We summarise the results of the extended versions of seven papers selected among those presented at the $$1\mathrm {st}$$ 1 st and the $$2\mathrm {nd}$$ 2 nd  International Workshops on Methods and Tools for Rigorous System Design (MeTRiD 2018–2019), indicating how they contribute to the advancement of the RSD approach.

Chiller

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Alan D. Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Transaction Management ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Database Transactions ◽  
Process Database ◽  
System Designs ◽  
New Algorithms ◽  
The Way

Many computing researchers and practitioners may be surprised to find a "research highlight" which innovates on the way to process database transactions. Work in the early 1970s, by Turing winner Jim Gray and others, established a standard set of techniques for transaction management. These remain the basis of most commercial and open-source platforms [1], and they are still taught in university database classes. So why is important research still needed in this topic? The technology environment keeps evolving, and new performance characteristics mean that new algorithms and system designs become appropriate. This perspective will summarise the early work, and point to how the field has continued to progress.

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