scholarly journals Bog Bodies in Context: Developing a Best Practice Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Chapman ◽  
Roy van Beek ◽  
Ben Gearey ◽  
Ben Jennings ◽  
David Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Bog Body

Bog bodies are among the best-known archaeological finds worldwide. Much of the work on these often extremely well-preserved human remains has focused on forensics, whereas the environmental setting of the finds has been largely overlooked. This applies to both the ‘physical’ and ‘cultural’ landscape and constitutes a significant problem since the vast spatial and temporal scales over which the practice appeared demonstrate that contextual assessments are of the utmost importance for our explanatory frameworks. In this article we develop best practice guidelines for the contextual analysis of bog bodies, after assessing the current state of research and presenting the results of three recent case studies including the well-known finds of Lindow Man in the United Kingdom, Bjældskovdal (Tollund Man and Elling Woman) in Denmark, and Yde Girl in the Netherlands. Three spatial and chronological scales are distinguished and linked to specific research questions and methods. This provides a basis for further discussion and a starting point for developing approaches to bog body finds and future discoveries, while facilitating and optimizing the re-analysis of previous studies, making it possible to compare deposition sites across time and space.

Conservation in Egyptological museum collections

2020 ◽  
pp. 1204-1218
Author(s):  
Deborah Schorsch
Keyword(s):  
Active Treatment ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Museum Environment ◽  
And Storage

Conservators are professionals dedicated to the physical preservation of cultural heritage in varied contexts. In museums they work closely with curators and conservation scientists to maintain or improve the structural or chemical stability of works in their care. Prior to undertaking a treatment, conservators visually examine each artefact and use instrumental analytical methods to establish and document its manufacture and materials, the causes and extent of deterioration, and previous interventions, all of which can affect its physical condition and appearance. In addition to undertaking technical examinations and carrying out active treatment protocols, conservators institute preventive measures and best practice guidelines to control the museum environment and minimize damage during display, travel, and storage. Conservators of Egyptian antiquities face special challenges predicated by unique aspects of ancient Egypt’s physical and cultural landscape.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Vindonissa as a living document – A case-study of digital reconstruction for output to pre-rendered and real-time applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-408
Author(s):  
Jonas Christen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Use ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Reconstructive Process ◽  
The Alps ◽  
State Of Research

The legion camp “Vindonissa” in Switzerland is considered one of the most important roman sites north of the alps. Research there has been going on for over a century and reconstructive drawings have always been a way to showcase scientific findings of the site, the earliest of them dating back as far as 1909.In 2015, it was decided to produce a new series of illustrations. The whole camp and its surrounding settlements had to be constructed as hand-generated 3D models, allowing for quick changes during the reconstructive process and flexibility in future adaptations. Topographical data, archaeological plans as well as building profiles provided by experts were the basis for the model.The main focus was on a general impression of the camp and not on individual buildings but some landmarks as the newly postulated circus were crafted with a higher level of detail as they are the topic of scientific discourse and it helps the discussion if they have a certain fidelity. The circus also serves as a good example for the value of the imaging process in research: Only after trying to fit it into the topography it was noted that it would overlap with a street that was previously thought to run through this area. In the discussion between archaeologists and illustrators a new path for the street was chosen that fits into the landscape and is scientifically acceptable.The new series of illustrations was originally published in the annual report of the archaeological society Vindonissa. The resulting model represents the current state of research but mainly serves as a starting point for future discussion: All buildings are constructed so that they can easily be adapted for real-time use and a Virtual Reality application is the logical next step for its use. 

The current evidence-based management of distal radial fractures: UK perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick A. Johnson ◽  
Joseph Dias
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cast Immobilization ◽  
Distal Radial Fractures ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Optimum Management

Distal radial fractures are extremely common injuries, yet many basic questions remain unanswered about their optimum management. Recently in the United Kingdom several guideline development groups have produced national standards and best-practice guidelines based on review of the best available evidence and expert knowledge. All guideline groups agree that when surgery is needed for dorsally displaced distal radial fractures, that can be reduced closed, K-wire fixation and cast immobilization, should be offered. Further research questions have been identified. The important findings and recommendations are summarized in this article.

scholarly journals The Role of Top Managers in Implementing Corporate Sustainability—A Systematic Literature Review on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Jannika Kutzschbach ◽  
Parvina Tanikulova ◽  
Rainer Lueg
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Upper Echelon ◽  
Upper Echelon Theory ◽  
Current State ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
State Of Research

This systematic literature review investigates whether corporate sustainability (CS), according to the tribble bottom line concept (TBL), is implemented in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and further identifies associated drivers. Building on upper echelon theory (UET) and the Schwartz value system (SVS) this study aims to analyze and contextualize extant empirical research. We developed a PRISMA-based framework to select relevant studies systematically. Based on an initial sample of 1249 articles between 2000 and 2020, we provide critical analysis of 31 best practice, peer-reviewed journal articles. Our findings suggest seven specifications of CS in SMEs that are driven by either internal or external motivations. Our review reveals that, overwhelmingly, SMEs engage in CS but fail to report it (“green blushing”). Furthermore, we find that the top managers of SMEs are a huge driver of CS. Oftentimes, they are even pioneers of good social and environmental practices. Finally, we identify four value dimensions (benevolence, achievement, power, and conformity values) according to the dimensions of the SVS that drive SMEs’ top managers’ engagement in CS. We contribute to the current state of research by conducting the first literature review that exclusively investigates how SMEs’ executives influence the enterprise’s commitment towards CS, based on the UET and the SVS. Thereby, we discuss implications and provide valuable recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and regulators alike.

scholarly journals Forensic Anthropology as a Discipline

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Nicholas V. Passalacqua ◽  
Marin A. Pilloud ◽  
Derek Congram
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
Training Standards ◽  
Specialist Knowledge

This paper explores the current state of forensic anthropology in the United States as a distinct discipline. Forensic anthropology has become increasingly specialized and the need for strengthened professionalization is becoming paramount. This includes a need for clearly defined qualifications, training, standards of practice, certification processes, and ethical guidelines. Within this discussion, the concept of expertise is explored in relation to professionalization and practice, as both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology have different areas of specialist knowledge, and therefore unique expertise. As working outside one’s area of expertise is an ethical violation, it is important for professional organizations to outline requisite qualifications, develop standards and best practice guidelines, and enforce robust preventive ethical codes in order to serve both their professional members and relevant stakeholders.

Towards a Holistic Approach to Validating Conceptual Models

2011 ◽  
pp. 229-251
Author(s):  
Jorg Becker
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Procedure Model

The chapter sketches a holistic approach to semantically validating conceptual models. The quality and thus the validation of conceptual models are of high economic importance. However, only little empirical work has focused on their evaluation so far. This raises the question whether a holistic approach to determining the quality of conceptual models is available yet. In order to describe the current state of research and to expose the so far neglected research fields we develop a two dimensional framework. With the help of this framework we can identify a notable shortcoming on conceptual model evaluation. We can show that there is actually no approach that covers all aspects of the framework. Hence, we describe a procedure model that integrates different evaluation techniques. This procedure model provides a starting point to further elaborate on a holistic evaluation approach.

scholarly journals The Adolescent by Fyodor Dostoevsky: Current State of Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-314
Author(s):  
Valentina V. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Modified Formula

The review analyses the current state of research of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent. The starting point is the tradition of academic commentaries to the text, which allowed achievements in textual criticism during the 1960-1970s. Today we are obviously facing a new turn in both textual studies and commentaries to the novel. The main trends indicate that researchers aim at discovering the spiritual meaning of The Adolescent, its poetics, and sources. Nevertheless, contemporary surveys are characterized by a diversity of academic discourses, originated from psychology, history, cultural studies, linguistics, etc. In the field of literary studies, both Russian and foreign works show a rising interest in the poetics and the analysis of the role of the Christian tradition in the novel. Traditionally, the novel is studied within the prospective Dostoevsky’s Five great works. Monographs reveal the artistic success and unique character of The Adolescent and integrate it into the meta-text of Dostoevsky’s life and oeuvre, giving a variety of typological reasons. Academic research maintains a typological and comparative-historical approach to this novel, though its literary context has not significantly expanded. A substantial aspect of Dostoevsky’s studies is dedicated to the narratology of The Adolescent and its genre features; the traditional definition of the book as a Bildungsroman has now gained a new modified formula. The article pays close attention to the few existing monographs that concentrate on The Adolescent. The article not only provides a review that helps understand how the novel is studied today but outlines prospects of research. Dostoevsky’s novel is organized as a multilayer reality. Therefore, it requires a complex approach - biographical, historical, literary, and mythopoetic (broadly speaking) – in order to allow a full reception of the novel The Adolescent, especially in the mass culture.

scholarly journals Individual-Centred Approaches to Accessibility in STEM Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Theresa Davey ◽  
José Victorio Salazar Luces ◽  
Rebecca Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Starting Point

Equitable access to high-quality higher education is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 4, 5, and 10, which indicate that it is crucial for a future sustainable society. Globalisation and reductions in systemic barriers to university admission are creating increasingly diverse higher education classrooms, but traditional education methods may unfairly disadvantage some groups of students. Creating equity in access to high-quality education requires teaching approaches that are considerate of each student’s individual sociocultural context as it affects their educational attainment. Building on discipline-based education research (DBER) principles in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, a modified holistic approach is proposed that primarily centres on students and tailors the teaching methods to the needs of the individuals and the dynamic of the whole class. This work demonstrates that educational attainment and student confidence was improved by applying an individual-centred teaching approach in a highly diverse undergraduate engineering classroom. Trials of this approach in a pilot classroom showed clear and consistent improvement over standard active learning approaches. Best practice guidelines for individual-centred teaching in STEM classrooms are provided. Further work is needed to examine the efficacy of this approach in a generalised setting, but the positive outcomes for student attainment are in line with existing research in the literature. The best practice guidelines presented herein may serve as a starting point for other educators to become more aware of the sociocultural needs of their individual students and classrooms, which may result in a move towards equity in STEM higher education.

scholarly journals Position paper for guiding response to non-suicidal self-injury in schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope A. Hasking ◽  
Nancy L. Heath ◽  
Michael Kaess ◽  
Stephen P. Lewis ◽  
Paul L. Plener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Starting Point

Around the world, school staff are increasingly expressing concern about nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and how best to address this behavior in the school setting. However, there is a notable lack of informed guidance for schools, and clear inconsistencies in the practices school staff adopt. In this position paper we draw on our collective research and clinical expertise to provide best-practice guidelines for addressing NSSI in school settings. We outline the importance of a school protocol, and the key features all school protocols should contain. We also focus on how schools can minimize contagion of NSSI within their school environment. We believe these guidelines will be an important starting point for schools interested in developing an evidence-based approach to addressing NSSI.

Acting on media technologies and infrastructures: expanding the media as practice approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kubitschko
Keyword(s):  
Political Engagement ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Media Practices

Over recent years, media as practice has emerged as a fruitful framework for exploring what people do with media. After reviewing the current state of research, this commentary argues that there is need to widen our understanding and to advance our conceptualisation of media practices. It seems no longer overstated to say that almost any form of political engagement today relates in one way or another to media technologies and infrastructures. As a consequence, media are increasingly sites of an active political struggle in their own right. To bring these developments into dialogue with media practice research, ‘acting on’ is introduced as a lens through which we can investigate the opportunities and limitations of actors’ practices related to media technologies and infrastructures for political engagement.

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