scholarly journals Production or Consumption? Glass Beads from the Roman Villa of Aiano, Tuscany

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Cristina Boschetti ◽  
Bernard Gratuze ◽  
Marco Cavalieri ◽  
Sara Lenzi ◽  
Nadine Schibille
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
Glass Recycling

Excavations in the Roman villa of Aiano yielded twenty glass beads, a pendant, and a glass-recycling furnace, originally interpreted as a bead workshop. This article re-assesses the evidence of bead making in light of new data obtained thanks to recent progress in archaeological glass studies. A detailed study of the typology, technology, and chemical composition of the beads clearly excludes local production. Instead, two different forming techniques, four different base glasses (Roman, HIMT, Foy 2.1 and Foy 2.1/HIMT), and numerous colouring and opacifying materials point to a well-established and extensive network of the Roman bead trade, in which Aiano evidently participated. The majority of the beads can be related to the monumentalization of the villa in the fourth to fifth century ad and represent a sample of the ornaments worn by its inhabitants.

Middle Bronze Age Long Distance Exchange through Europe and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Flemming Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
The South ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Blue Glass ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The introduction of the folding stool and the single-edged razor into Southern Scandinavia, as well as the testimony of chariot use during the Nordic Bronze Age Period II (1500-1300 BC), give evidence of the transfer of ideas from the Mediterranean to the North. Recent analyses of the chemical composition of blue glass beads from well-dated Danish Bronze Age burials have revealed evidence for the opening of long distance exchange routes around 1400 BC between Egypt, Mesopotamia and South Scandinavia. When including comparative material from glass workshops in Egypt and finds of glass from Mesopotamia, it becomes clear that glass from those distant lands reached Scandinavia. The routes of exchange can be traced through Europe based on finds of amber from the North and glass from the South.

The Iron Age of ‘Loughey’ and Meare: Some Inferences from Glass Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
First Century ◽  
Archaeological Interpretation ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
County Down ◽  
Glass Analysis

The archaeology of two Iron Age sites, ‘Loughey’ in County Down, Northern Ireland, and Meare Lake Village, Somerset, is discussed. Changes in the archaeological interpretation of the sites are considered in the light of recent research into Iron Age sites in Britain and Ireland. Consideration of the chemical composition of the glass from ‘Loughey’ and Meare helps to add weight to the existence of suspected links between Ireland and the Continent in the first century B.C., and not, as has regularly been assumed, specific links with south England. The compositional characteristics of the glass from Meare are found to be totally different from those of the ‘Loughey’ glass and it is suggested that glass raw materials were imported to Ireland for the manufacture of Iron Age glass beads there. We can not now be as confident that the person buried at ‘Loughey’ was of ‘foreign’ origin.

scholarly journals Asymptotic giant branch evolution: Where do we stand?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S283) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Marigo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Stellar Models

AbstractI provide a synthetic overview of the present status of stellar models for the asymptotic giant branch phase, one of the most complex and still uncertain stages of stellar evolution. In particular I will focus on two aspects that are most relevant in the context of the planetary nebulæ progeny, namely: the chemical composition of the AGB ejecta, and the mass of the bare CO core left after the ejection of the stellar mantle at the AGB tip. Recent progress, present uncertainties, and future perspectives to constrain AGB models are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Archaeometrical analysis of Neolithic pottery from the Divača region, Slovenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Andreja Žibrat Gašparič
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Cave Deposits ◽  
Rock Shelters ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

The results of the mineralogical and chemical analyses of pottery from the Neolithic period from the Divača region are presented. Pottery samples from two rock shelters, i.e. Mala Triglavca and Trhlovca, were included in the analyses, as well as sediment samples from other rock shelters, caves and rivers around this area. The mineralogical and chemical composition of the ceramic is uniform in most of the samples; the differences between the clay pastes of the vessels are in the use of a tempering material, mostly calcite grains. The sediment samples, especially from the cave deposits, point to a local production of the Neolithic pottery on the Karst plateau.

scholarly journals The chemical composition and manufacturing technology of glass beads excavated from the Hetian Bizili site, Xinjiang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Rui Wen ◽  
Xingjun Hu ◽  
Wenying Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
The West ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Southern Route

Abstract The Hetian Bizili site of the Lop County, located in the southern route of the Silk Road in the Xinjiang, China, was a trade and cultural hub between the East and the West in ancient times. In 2016, a large number of glass beads were unearthed from the 40 tombs excavated in this site. This study analyzed the chemical composition and manufacturing technology of twelve glass beads from the M5 tomb of the Bizili site by using various analytical techniques such as LA-ICP-AES, EDXRF, Raman Spectrometry, and SR-μCT. The chemical compositions of the beads were all Na 2 O-CaO-SiO 2 , with plant ash and natron as fluxes. The lead antimonite and lead stannate were applied as the opacifying agents. Some of the beads with high contents of aluminum may potentially come from Ancient India. In terms of manufacturing technology, the craftsmen made eyeballs of glass beads in different ways, and even applied the same process as Etched Carnelian beads in some beads. This study confirmed that Bizili was an essential place for the interactions between the East and the West and provided the foundation for the spreading of glass beads.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Chemical Composition, Production, and Pharmaceutical Effects of Kombucha Beverage: A Complementary and Alternative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi ◽  
Seyyed Alireza Hashemi ◽  
Maryam Zarei ◽  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Chin Wei Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Traditional Natural

Kombucha is a valuable traditional natural tea that contains beneficial compounds like organic acids, minerals, different vitamins, proteins, polyphenols, and several anions. Kombucha possesses anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity as well as hepatoprotective effects. Considering the unique properties of Kombucha, several investigations have already been conducted on its nutritional properties. In this review, an effort has been devoted to pool recent literature on the biomedical application of Kombucha under the objectives, including the chemical composition of Kombucha and industrial production, and highlight different properties of Kombucha. Finally, we explain its adverse effects and prospect. This review is an active, in-depth, and inclusive report about Kombucha and its health benefits.

scholarly journals An observational asteroseismic study of the pulsating B-type stars in the open cluster NGC 884

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S301) ◽  
pp. 479-480
Author(s):  
S. Saesen ◽  
M. Briquet ◽  
C. Aerts ◽  
A. Miglio ◽  
F. Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Open Cluster ◽  
Seismic Interpretation ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Stellar Structure ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Young Open Cluster

AbstractRecent progress in the seismic interpretation of field β Cep stars has resulted in improvements of the physical description in the stellar structure and evolution model computations of massive stars. Further asteroseismic constraints can be obtained from studying ensembles of stars in a young open cluster, which all have similar age, distance and chemical composition. We present an observational asteroseismic study based on the discovery of numerous multi-periodic and mono-periodic B-type stars in the open cluster NGC 884 (χ Persei). Our study illustrates the current status of ensemble asteroseismology of this young open cluster.

scholarly journals The chemical composition and manufacturing technology of glass beads excavated from the Hetian Bizili site, Xinjiang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Rui Wen ◽  
Xingjun Hu ◽  
Wenying Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
The West ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Southern Route

Abstract The Hetian Bizili site of the Lop County, located in the southern route of the Silk Road in Xinjiang, China, was a trade and cultural hub between the East and the West in ancient times. In 2016, a large number of glass beads were unearthed from the 40 tombs excavated on this site. This study analyzed the chemical composition and manufacturing technology of twelve glass beads from the M5 tomb of the Bizili site by using various analytical techniques such as LA-ICP-AES, EDXRF, Raman Spectrometry, and SR-μCT. The chemical compositions of the beads were all Na 2 O-CaO-SiO 2 , with plant ash and natron as fluxes. The lead antimonite and lead stannate were applied as the opacifying agents. Some of the beads with high contents of aluminum may potentially come from Ancient India. In terms of manufacturing technology, the craftsmen made eyeballs of glass beads in different ways and even applied the same process as Etched Carnelian beads in some beads. This study confirmed that Bizili was an essential place for the interactions between the East and the West and provided the foundation for the spreading of glass beads.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF GLASS COMPOSITIONS AROUND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA REGION (THE LATE 1ST MILLENNIUM BC TO THE 1ST MILLENNIUM AD): PLACING IRON AGE GLASS BEADS FROM TAIWAN IN CONTEXT

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Wen Wang ◽  
Caroline Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
South China ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Glass Compositions

With more published chemical analyses of glass beads in Southeast Asia and southern China in the last decade, it is becoming possible to discuss the regional and temporal patterns of prehistoric glass beads in these areas. This article focuses the 1st millennium AD, reviewing the chemical composition of glass in Taiwan, Southeast Asia and southern China, in an attempt to understand the potential relationships between the three regions.

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