scholarly journals Panopticon of the Slovak Judiciary – Continuity of Power Centers and Mental Dependence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1281
Author(s):  
Peter Čuroš
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Inappropriate Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Judicial Corruption ◽  
Power Centers

AbstractThis Article explores the similarities between the principles which guide the judiciary nowadays and those typical for the functioning of the Communist justice system, particularly the susceptibility to obedience to the requests, orders, or meeting anticipations. The habitus of the judges typical for the authoritarian regime has persisted until these days and was the main reason for the judicial corruption revealed in the “Threema scandal.” This Article’s argument does not connect the judiciary’s dependency to the Communist legacy embodied in members of the judiciary who served before 1989 and are active today. Still, the argument presumes that the Communist heritage is a key to understanding the current situation. The past heritage is hidden in the habitus of the agents or members of the judiciary. This habitus may be unconscious yet defining for the behavior of the agents. The Article aims to identify which continuities of the judicial habitus are apparent in the current judiciary. To demonstrate changes in the position of the judiciary, it presents a thesis of the development of the judiciary from an instrument of the governing party in maintaining a homogenous and subordinated society to the current situation of the Slovak judiciary, defined as a crisis of mental independence resulting in inappropriate behavior and corruption.

scholarly journals Shopping Centres, Cycling Accessibility and Planning—The Case of Nova Lund in Sweden

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Till Koglin ◽  
Lucas Glasare
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Subject

This paper evaluates the history and cycling accessibility of Nova, a shopping centre established in Lund, Sweden, in 2002. The current situation was also analysed through observation and a literature review. Moreover, the study conducted a closer analysis of the history and role of the municipality based on further literature study and interviews with officials. The conclusion of the analysis indicates poor and unsafe bikeways caused by conflicts of interest between politicians, officials, landowners and the general public. It also depicts a situation in which the municipality’s master plan has been ignored, and, in contrast to the local goals, cycling accessibility at Nova has seen no significant improvement since the shopping centre was first established. The reasons for this, arguably, are a relatively low budget for bikeway improvements in the municipality, as well as a situation in which decision-makers have stopped approaching the subject, as a result of the long and often boisterous conflicts it has created in the past. Lastly, it must be noted that it is easy to regard the whole process of Nova, from its establishment to the current situation, as being symptomatic of the power structures between drivers and cyclists that still affect decision-makers at all levels.

Housing Matters, Services Might: Findings from the High Needs Families Program Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 693 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-229
Author(s):  
Debra J. Rog ◽  
Kathryn A. Henderson ◽  
Clara A. Wagner ◽  
Emily L. Abbruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Subsidized Housing ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Intensive Case Management ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Housing Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing

Permanent supportive housing for families experiencing homelessness—typically, subsidized housing that is not time limited and provides access to a range of support services—has substantially increased over the past 10 years, despite an absence of rigorous evidence of its effectiveness. We examine the benefits of subsidized housing with supportive services compared to subsidized housing alone. Our findings suggest that supportive housing offers more opportunities for access to services and benefits than subsidized housing alone, but it may not be beneficial to families’ housing stability or to family members’ employment or involvement with the criminal justice system. We argue that housing that is coupled with intensive case management, that is service rich, and that provides and adheres to harm reduction principles may help to strengthen supportive housing’s effectiveness.

Economic Origins of Electoral Support for Authoritarian Successors

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byong-Kuen Jhee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Knee Jerk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electoral Support

This study explores how economic performance prior to democratic transitions affects the fate of successors to authoritarian rulers in new democracies. It investigates 70 founding election outcomes, finding that successful economic performance under an authoritarian regime increases the vote share of successors. It also finds that the past economic performance of authoritarian rulers decreases the likelihood of government alternation to democratic oppositions. Interim governments that initiate democratic transition, however, are neither blamed nor rewarded for economic conditions during transition periods. This study concludes that electorates are not myopic and that economic voting is not a knee-jerk reaction to short-term economic performance in new democracies.

scholarly journals Book Review: Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties: Revised and Expanded Edition, 2nd ed.

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Seth Kershner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupy Wall Street ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right

Occupy Wall Street. Black Lives Matter. The #MeToo movement. Over the past decade, the United States has seen a surge in activism around civil rights, broadly defined as the right to be free from discrimination and unequal treatment in arenas such as housing, the workplace, and the criminal justice system. At times, as when activists are arrested at a protest, calls for civil rights can also be the occasion for violations of civil liberties—certain basic freedoms (e.g., freedom of speech) that are either enshrined in the Constitution or established through legal rulings. While civil rights are distinct from civil liberties, students often struggle to articulate these differences and appreciate the links between the two concepts. Complicating this distinction is the fact that historically reference materials have tended to cover either one or the other but not the two in combination. Combining these two concepts in one work is what makes a revised edition of the Encyclopedia of American Civil Rights and Liberties so timely and valuable.

scholarly journals The impact of the transformation of the justice system on ensuring the independence of judges, prosecutors, and investigators

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-638
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Bochkarev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expected Result ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Immediate Supervisor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The article examines the transformation processes of the domestic justice system over the past thirty years. The influence of structurally applied modifications of the system on its intangible aspects (independence, internal conviction, freedom of assessment, etc.), contributing to the administration and achievement of justice, is evaluated. Particular attention is paid to the study of the impact of justice reforms on the independence of its institutions and representatives because without guarantees and a state of independence, justice loses its meaning and turns into its opposite. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that organizational and structural measures to ensure the independence of the main subjects of legal proceedings were not complex, individual, and local in nature. The restructuring of the investigating authorities and the prosecutor’s office in 2007–2019, as well as the modification of the judicial system, were aimed at minimizing interdepartmental and interinstitutional dependence. However, the transformations did not affect the aspect of ensuring intra-departmental and intra-institutional independence of their subjects. As a result, the administrative dependence of an ordinary employee of the justice system in regard to his immediate supervisor remained at the same level. An assessment of the shortcomings of the reform made it possible to predict that the structuring of the justice system in the short and medium term will not lead to increased independence of investigators, prosecutors, and judges as a key and expected result. Ultimately, it will be reflected in the fact that for a long time these representatives did not subordinate to the law, but conversely they were placed in a position controlled by higher management and taught to properly comply with requirements.

scholarly journals Wife Assault, The Justice System and Professional Responsibility

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Diana Ginn
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Battered Women ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Professional Responsibility ◽  
Wife Assault ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Players ◽  
The Way

The author reviews the response of the criminal justice system to the problem of wife assault by focusing on the key players within the system. The way the criminal law applies to wife assault affects battered women's access to that area of law known as family law, with negative repercussions for them and their children. Several myths about the nature of wife assault help ensure an inappropriate response. These include the myths that the woman is to blame, that by just leaving the abusive situation she can resolve it, and that if she does not leave it is because she enjoys the abuse. The author reviews current methods used by police, prosecutors and judges for dealing with wife assault and discusses the inadequacies of those methods. She concludes that despite many recommendations for change, there have been no significant improvements in the way the criminal justice system deals with wife assault. It is incumbent upon the legal profession to demonstrate professional responsibility by ensuring that wife assault is taken more seriously than it is now and than it has been in the past. This is a necessary reform before battered women can rely on the criminal justice system.

scholarly journals Russian Nationalists Fight Ukrainian War

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Current Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Consolidation

Abstract In this article, I am going to focus on how the radical nationalist movement in Russia fares in the current situation, given the political consolidation of the current regime, and the war in Ukraine1 and the government’s reaction to it. The article describes the situation as it stood at the end of 2014, which makes it predictably incomprehensive because new updates on the conflict still arrive every day, and there has also been more news about Russian ultra-right forces over the past few months.

Ludomusicology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-35
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Fernández-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Video Game Music

In the past two decades, the study of video game music has come into its own and gained acceptance in the academic community. This subdiscipline, now commonly referred as ludomusicology, is still attempting basic questions concerning how it can be researched. This article aims to present the current situation and to reflect about some of the main lines of research related to the music of video games and their culture, a field of ongoing research that has received little attention in Hispanophone academia up to the present time. This article was originally published in Anuario Musical 75 (2020): 181–99 and has been translated for the Journal of Sound and Music in Games. https://doi.org/10.3989/anuariomusical.2020.75.09

scholarly journals Criminology and criminal justice in post-devolution Wales

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082091644
Author(s):  
Robert Jones
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Future Research ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Criminology And Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminological Analysis

This survey provides one of the first comprehensive reviews of Wales’s role in the England and Wales criminal justice system. The article explains that executive devolution has been responsible for a major transformation to Wales’s position within the England and Wales jurisdiction. Attention is given to the institutions responsible for criminal justice since devolution to Wales as well as an overview of some of the key trends and latest data, including recent research which shows that Wales, when disaggregated from England, has the highest rate of imprisonment in Western Europe. In light of the developments that have taken place over the past two decades, this survey asserts that Wales must now be taken seriously as a distinct and worthwhile unit of criminological analysis. It is argued that future research on Wales can help to develop a more constitutionally literate criminological debate across the UK as well as European regions affected by devolution.

scholarly journals Special Issue “Digital Twin Technology in the AEC Industry”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jisong Zhang ◽  
Lihua Zhao ◽  
Guoqian Ren ◽  
Haijiang Li ◽  
Xiaofei Li
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Sustainable building design has become a hot topic over the past decades. Many standards, databases, and tools have been developed for achieving a sustainable building. Not until recently have the importance of structural engineering and its contribution to sustainable building design been full recognised. However, due to the highly fragmented and diversity of knowledge across building and infrastructure domains, there is a lack of approach that can address all the sustainable issues within the structural design. This paper reviews the sustainable design from the perspective of structural engineering: (1) reviewing the current situation; (2) identifying the gaps and difficulties; and (3) making recommendations for future improvements. The strategies and indicators, as well as BIM-enabled methodology, for sustainable structural design (SSD) are also discussed in a holistic way. The results of this investigation show that most of the methods are not doing well in terms of delivering a successful sustainable structural design. It is expected that the future BIM could probably provide such a platform to address these issues.

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