Diffusiophoresis of a charged drop

2018 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 37-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Sangwoo Shin ◽  
Howard A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Charged Drop ◽  
Electric Stress ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Soft Objects

Diffusiophoresis describes the motion of colloids in an electrolyte or non-electrolyte solution where there is a concentration gradient. While most of the studies of diffusiophoresis focus on the motion of solid particles, soft objects such as drops and bubbles are also known to experience diffusiophoresis. Here, we investigate the diffusiophoresis of charged drops in an electrolyte solution both analytically and experimentally. The drop is assumed to remain spherical. An analytical solution of the diffusiophoretic velocity of drops is obtained by perturbation methods. We find that the flow inside the drop is driven by the tangential electric stress at the interface and it directly influences the diffusiophoretic speed of the drop. Using charged oil droplets, we measure the drop speed under solute concentration gradients and find good agreement with the analytical solution. Our findings have potential applications for oil recovery and drug delivery.

Prediction of solute concentration gradients during growth of discontinuous precipitates in a Fe-13.5 at.% Zn alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 130317
Author(s):  
Mateusz Chronowski ◽  
Jarosław Opara ◽  
Olga A. Kogtenkova ◽  
Alexander V. Druzhinin ◽  
Paweł Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Zn Alloy

EFFECTS OF OSMOTIC GRADIENTS ACROSS THE PRIMATE PLACENTAL UPON FETAL AND PLACENTAL WATER CONTENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
Paul D. Bruns ◽  
Andre E. Hellegers ◽  
A. Elmore Seeds ◽  
Richard E. Behrman ◽  
Frederick C. Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Contents

Infusions of 2.7 g/100 ml sodium chloride or 30 g/100 ml disaccharide solutions into the maternal circulation of pregnant rhesus monkeys produced a significant reduction in fetal and placental total water content. At the same time large transplacental total solute concentration gradients were produced. The injection of sucrose into the amniotic fluid of pregnant rhesus monkeys produced a reduction in fetal total body water alone. The significance of these differences is discussed.

Characterization and potential applications of solid particles produced at a biomass gasification plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. San Miguel ◽  
M.P. Domínguez ◽  
M. Hernández ◽  
F. Sanz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Gasification Plant

Biosurfactants as demulsifying agents for oil recovery from oily sludge – performance evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2875-2881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans M. N. Chirwa ◽  
Tshepo Mampholo ◽  
Oluwademilade Fayemiwo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Living Organisms

The oil producing and petroleum refining industries dispose of a significant amount of oily sludge annually. The sludge typically contains a mixture of oil, water and solid particles in the form of complex slurry. The oil in the waste sludge is inextractible due to the complex composition and complex interactions in the sludge matrix. The sludge is disposed of on land or into surface water bodies thereby creating toxic conditions or depleting oxygen required by aquatic animals. In this study, a fumed silica mixture with hydrocarbons was used to facilitate stable emulsion (‘Pickering’ emulsion) of the oily sludge. The second step of controlled demulsification and separation of oil and sludge into layers was achieved using either a commercial surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) or a cost-effective biosurfactant from living organisms. The demulsification and separation of the oil layer using the commercial surfactant SDS was achieved within 4 hours after stopping mixing, which was much faster than the 10 days required to destabilise the emulsion using crude biosurfactants produced by a consortium of petrochemical tolerant bacteria. The recovery rate with bacteria could be improved by using a more purified biosurfactant without the cells.

Deformation Modeling of Compliant Robotic Fingers Grasping Soft Objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Mouazé ◽  
Lionel Birglen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Soft Objects ◽  
Efficient Approximation ◽  
Robotic Fingers

Abstract In this paper, a model is shown to predict the simultaneous deformations occurring when compliant robotic fingers are grasping soft objects. This model aims at providing an accurate estimation of the penetration, internal forces, and deformed shapes of both these fingers and the objects. A particular emphasis is placed on the case when the finger is underactuated but the methodology discussed in this paper is general. Usually in the literature, underactuated fingers are modeled and designed considering their grasps of rigid object because of the complexity associated with deforming objects. This limitation severely hinders the usability of underactuated grippers and either restricts them to a narrow range of applications or requires extensive experimental testing. Furthermore, classical models of underactuated fingers in contact with objects are typically applicable with a maximum of one contact per phalanx only. The model proposed in this paper demonstrates a simple algorithm to compute a virtual subdivision of the phalanges which can be used to estimate the contact pressure arising when there are contacts at many locations simultaneously. This model also proposes a computationally efficient approximation of isotropic soft objects. Numerical simulations of the proposed model are compared here with dynamic simulations, finite element analyses, and experimental measurements which all shows its effectiveness and accuracy. Finally, the extension of the model to other types of underactuated fingers, standard grippers, and fully actuated robotic fingers as well as potential applications is discussed and illustrated.

Potential applications of carbon nanomaterials in oil recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
V.M. Shamilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Carbon nanomaterials and compositions containing them are attracting increased attention. The high variety of carbon nanomaterials structures and morphologies as well as the simplicity of its surface functionalization, make it possible to effectively select the nanomaterial properties for the target task. The presented study provides an overview of the oil industry stages and shows the main directions of using nanotechnology in them. The main attention is focused on the trends of carbon nanomaterials (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes and graphene-like materials) applications in the petroleum extraction stage (drilling and enhanced oil recovery processes).

scholarly journals Sand Blocking Mechanisms and Productivity Analysis of Slant Well in Siltstone Reservoirs

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Peifeng Jia ◽  
Chuanzhi Cui ◽  
Yizhong Zhao ◽  
Xiukun Wang ◽  
Yingfei Sui
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Skin Factor ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Filling Radius ◽  
Blocking Mechanisms ◽  
Gravel Packing

The siltstone reservoir with many small layers of pay zones is usually produced by slant holes. However, severe sand blockages take place when the siltstone reservoir is developed by slant holes. Currently, the sand blocking mechanisms and the effect of sand blocking on productivity of slant well are still challenges for engineers and scholars. In this paper, based on the existing productivity model of inclined slant wells, the mechanical skin factor, which describes the effect of sand blocking on productivity, is proposed. Meanwhile, many experimental works have been done to investigate the sand blocking mechanisms in siltstone reservoirs. From the experimental work, it is concluded that with the increase of displacement PV number and displacement flow rate, the permeability of sand control system decreases by 40%. When solid particles enter the casing and block the gravel and sand control screen in the annulus, the skin factor increases sharply and the productivity decreases by more than 80%. Through the productivity calculation of multilayer sand control wells, it is considered that larger gravel packing radius can keep particles away from the well bore, which is helpful to ensure oil well productivity. Furthermore, the influence of differential filling radius on the fluid production capacity of each layer of sand control well is analyzed. It is proved that optimizing the filling radius of each layer can improve the production effect of mediate- and low-permeability layers. This method has been applied in Kendong #12 block. The daily oil production rate is increased by 9.61 t/day, and the oil recovery of this block is increased by 2.12%.

scholarly journals Enhanced oil recovery from palm oil mill effluent using ultrasonication technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
Y M Tang ◽  
W Y Wong ◽  
K T Tan ◽  
L P Wong
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Abstract Palm oil is the planet’s most exploited vegetable oil. However, its extensive commercialization has resulted in massive waste, particularly palm oil mill effluent (POME), contributing to severe environmental pollution. POME has a high concentration of oil and grease (O&G) with the mean value of 4,340 mg/L, exceeding the standard discharge limit of 50 mg/L. Hence, the recovery of oil content in POME is crucial as it could be a key material in biodiesel production. The oil droplets in POME exist in two phases: floating in the supernatant and suspended in the solids. During the solvent extraction process, the oil adsorbed by the solid particles is not entirely recovered. Thus, ultrasonication-based process intensification is introduced. Ultrasonication can break apart the solid particles and release the oil content using the principle of sound waves, thereby it will eventually increase the yield of oil recovery from POME. Although some studies were done on oil extraction from POME, the use of ultrasonication technique to enhance the extraction of oil from POME has never been done. The current research work is to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasonication technique to enhance the oil recovery from POME and compare it to a non-ultrasonicated POME. Overall, this research discovered that using ultrasonication as a pre-treatment would improve oil recovery yield from POME by 39.17% as compared to non-ultrasonicated sample under the optimum ultrasonication conditions of 30% amplitude and 30 seconds duration.

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