A within-country study of leadership perceptions and outcomes across native and immigrant employees: Questioning the universality of transformational leadership

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Louise Holten ◽  
Anne Bøllingtoft ◽  
Isabella Gomes Carneiro ◽  
Vilhelm Borg
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Leadership Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Employee Groups ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractThis study investigates the universality of transformational leadership with respect to employee perceptions and three outcomes: job satisfaction, self-rated health, and well-being. We do so among employees of different national and cultural backgrounds, yet within a shared national and sectorial setting. Our study has a repeated measures design based on survey data from 2,947 employees (2,836 natives Danes and 111 immigrants) in the Danish elder care sector. While we find no difference between native Danes and immigrants in their perception of transformational leadership, we find that transformational leadership is not a universal predictor of outcomes. Although transformational leadership predicts change in none of the outcomes for immigrants, it does predict change in job satisfaction and well-being for native Danes. Based on our findings, we suggest applying a combination of universalistic and contingency paradigms when leading composite employee groups.

scholarly journals Evaluating the use of gas discharge visualization to measure massage therapy outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolie Haun ◽  
Nitin Patel ◽  
Gary Schwartz ◽  
Cheryl Ritenbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Whole Person

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of massage therapy using gas discharge visualization (GDV), a computerized biophysical electrophoton capture (EPC), in tandem with traditional self-report measures to evaluate the use of GDV measurement to assess the bioenergetic whole-person effects of massage therapy.: This study used a single treatment group, pre–post-repeated measures design with a sample of 23 healthy adults. This study utilized a single 50-min full-body relaxation massage with participants. GDV measurement method, an EPC, and traditional paper-based measures evaluating pain, stress, muscle tension, and well-being were used to assess intervention outcomes.: Significant differences were found between pre- and post-measures of well-being, pain, stress, muscle tension, and GDV parameters. Pearson correlations indicate the GDV measure is correlated with pain and stress, variables that impact the whole person.: This study demonstrates that GDV parameters may be used to indicate significant bioenergetic change from pre- to post-massage. Findings warrant further investigation with a larger diverse sample size and control group to further explore GDV as a measure of whole-person bioenergetic effects associated with massage.

scholarly journals Effects of Touch on Students’ Stress, Happiness, and Well-Being During Animal-Assisted Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Laura Sokal ◽  
Brianne Bartel ◽  
Taylor Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
North America ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
College And University ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

Post-secondary institutions across North America have adopted animal-assisted activities as a way to promote better mental health in their students. The current research study of 242 Canadian college and university students sought to contribute to our collective understanding of the aspects of the programs and characteristics of students that are related to promotion of better mental health in post-secondary students including decreased stress, and increased happiness and well-being. Results of a repeated measures design showed that students demonstrated greater positive effects on stress, happiness, and well-being when they touched dogs as compared to when they observed them. Furthermore, positive mental health outcomes were correlated with greater durations of contact as well as with higher levels of animal affiliation in students. Implications for post-secondary institutions are discussed. 

scholarly journals The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on older adults with an intellectual disability during the first wave of the pandemic in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mary McCarron ◽  
Darren McCausland ◽  
Retha Luus ◽  
Andrew Allen ◽  
Fintan Sheerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Background: People with intellectual disability have increased risk of exposure to and adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).They also face challenges to mental health and well-being from COVID-19-related social restrictions and service closures. Methods: Data from a supplemental COVID-19 survey from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA) (n=710) was used to assess outcomes from the first infection wave of COVID-19 among adults with intellectual disability aged 40+ years in Ireland. Data was gathered on testing, for symptoms and outcomes; procedures to manage COVID-19; and both stress/anxiety and positive experiences during the pandemic. Demographic and health-related data from the main IDS-TILDA dataset was included in analyses. Results: High rates were identified of health conditions associated with poorer COVID-19 outcomes, including overweight/obesity (66.6%, n=365), high cholesterol (38.6%, n=274) and cardiovascular disease (33.7%, n=239). Over half (53.5%, n=380) reported emotional, nervous or psychiatric disorders. Almost two-thirds (62.4%, n=443) were tested for COVID-19, with 10% (n=71) reporting symptoms and 2.5% (n=11) testing positive. There were no instances of COVID-19 related mortality. Common symptoms included fatigue, fever, and cough. Some participants (7.8%, n=55) moved from their usual home, most often to isolate (n=31) or relocate to a family home (n=11). Three-quarters (78.7%) of those who were symptomatic or who tested positive had plans to manage self-isolation and two-thirds were able to comply with guidelines. Over half (55%, n=383) reported some COVID-19 related stress/anxiety; and a similar proportion reported positive aspects during this period (58%, n=381). Conclusions: Our data suggests that people with intellectual disability avoided the worst impacts of COVID-19 during the first infection wave in Ireland. Nevertheless, participants’ health profiles suggest that this population remains at high risk for adverse infection outcomes. Repeated measures are needed to track health and well-being outcomes across multiple infection waves.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Well-Being During the First vs. Second COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Papageorgiou ◽  
Angelos P. Kassianos ◽  
Marios Constantinou ◽  
Demetris Lamnisos ◽  
Christiana Nicolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract. Introduction: Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries imposed strict governmental lockdowns. Research investigating the psychological impact of pandemic-induced lockdowns is accumulating, though to date no study has examined the psychological health and associated parameters of well-being in countries that underwent additional lockdowns as the pandemic continued into resurgence “waves.” Aim: The present study provides an overview of the psychological impact of COVID-19 across the two lockdowns in the Cypriot population. Methods: In total, 957 participants completed an online survey during the first lockdown, 134 of whom completed a similar survey again during the second lockdown. The outcomes assessed included stress, positive and negative affect, and well-being. Results: The results indicated no population-wide severe reactions in the participants. Repeated measures analyses showed similar mental health levels during both the first and the second lockdowns. Further inspection of participants’ scores indicated that, for all mental health variables, approximately half of the participants improved, while the other half deteriorated. Discussion: Perceived social support and psychological flexibility predicted most psychological outcomes during both lockdowns. Further research is necessary to understand the continuing effects of the pandemic and associated lockdowns on mental health.

Health care of immigrant patients in Italy: the perspective of health professionals

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Claudia Spinosa ◽  
Laura Angioletti ◽  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Specific Care ◽  
Health And Well Being

Within a multicultural society, healthcare professionals (HPs) need to implement specific care pathways to meet the needs of patients with different cultural backgrounds who regularly present themselves in healthcare facilities in Italy. This study intends to examine the experiences and representations lived by HPs who deal with the care and management of foreign immigrant patients living in Italy, with chronic diseases. For this goal, a survey was conducted on a sample of 54 HPs recruited in hospital and outpatient facilities. The survey was analyzed with a quantitative analysis method. The results underlined that it is necessary to provide specific training paths to work with chronic immigrant patients, standardizing the training of medical staff both in hospitals and clinics, and providing for other types of professionals specialized in relations with foreign patients, to respond to all requests from foreign users, and not just healthcare ones. This study proposes a new survey model aimed at obtaining in-depth information on the representation of HPs towards the health and well-being of chronic immigrant patients, to provide concrete answers to the needs of the foreign population, providing for the collaboration of several specialised professionals.

Transition Space at the Museum: A Community Arts-Based Group Program to Foster the Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Youths with Mental Health Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Kim Archambault ◽  
Élyse Porter-Vignola ◽  
Marilyn Lajeunesse ◽  
Victor Debroux-Leduc ◽  
Rocio Macabena Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Community Arts ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Transition Space

Transition Space at the Museum is a community arts-based group program aiming to foster the psychosocial rehabilitation of adolescents and young adults with mental health problems. In this pilot evaluation, we assessed the preliminary effectiveness of the program at improving participants’ well-being and social functioning. Following a mixed-methods, single-group, repeated-measures design, we collected data before, during, and after program from participants, clinicians, and close relatives using standardized questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. We found converging quantitative and qualitative results supporting the safety and potential of the program to improve the way participants feel and function socially in the short term.

scholarly journals Effects of the Nursing Therapeutics Program for Facilitating Patient Transition (NTPFPT) on Subjective Well-Being, Role Mastery, and Relationships’ Well-Being among Adult Stroke Patients in Bandung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-475
Author(s):  
Cecep Eli KOSASIH ◽  
Busakorn PUNTHMATHARITH ◽  
Umaporn BOONYASOPUN
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Role Mastery ◽  
Experimental Group

This quasi-experimental, repeated measures design was used to examine the effects of the nursing therapeutics program for facilitating patient transition (NTPFPT) on subjective well-being, role mastery, and relationships’ well-being among adult patients who suffered from stroke in Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the sample. The control group (n = 42) received the routine care, while the experimental group (n = 42) received the NTPFPT and routine care. The data were collected using 1) the subjective well-being inventory, 2) the role function mode, and 3) the brief family relationship scale. The Chronbach’s alpha coefficients of questionnaires 1 - 3 were .89, .77 and .89, respectively. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOWA, and t-test were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that significant differences of the mean scores of subjective well-being, role mastery and relationships’ well-being were found between the control and experimental groups (p < .000) and between three times (e.g., Day 3 of hospitalization, T1; one day before discharge, T2; and one month after discharge, T3) within group (p < .000). Significant differences between all three pair wise comparisons of these three variables were found in the experimental group (p < .000) while, two pair wise comparisons showed significant differences in the control group. The mean scores of the three variables in the experimental group measured at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < .000) whereas those of measured at T1 showed no significant differences between two groups (p > .05). Thus, it is appropriate for nurses to provide the NTPFPT to stroke patients and families. The results revealed that significant differences of the mean scores of subjective well-being, role mastery and well-being of relationships were found between the control and experimental groups (p < .000) and between three times (e.g., Day 3 of hospitalization, T1; one day before discharge, T2; and one month after discharge, T3)within group (p < .000).Significant differences between all three pair wise comparisons of these three variables were found in the experimental group (p < .000) whereas in the control group, only two pair wise comparisons were significant differences. The mean scores of the three variables in the experimental group measured at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < .000) whereas those of measured at T1 were non significant differences between two groups (p > .05). Thus, it is appropriate for nurses to provide the NTPFPT to stroke patients and families.

scholarly journals Belief in Conspiracy Theory about COVID-19 Predicts Mental Health and Well-being: A Study of Healthcare Staff in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi ◽  
Aldo Alvarez-Risco ◽  
Huiyang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractBackgroundSocial media are becoming hotbeds of conspiracy theories, which aim to give resolute explanations on the cause of COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, no research has investigated whether individuals’ belief in conspiracy theory about COVID-19 is associated with mental health and well-being issues. This association enables an assessable channel to identify and reach people with mental health and well-being issues during the pandemic.ObjectiveWe aim to provide the first evidence of belief in conspiracy theory regarding the COVID-19 virus as a predictor of the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers.MethodsWe conducted a survey of 252 healthcare workers in Ecuador from April 10 to May 2, 2020. We analyzed the data of distress and anxiety caseness with logistic regression and life and job satisfaction with linear regression.ResultsAmong the sampled healthcare workers in Ecuador, 24.2% believed that the virus was developed intentionally in a lab; 32.54% experienced distress disorder, and 28.17% had anxiety disorder. Compared to healthcare workers who were not sure where the virus originated, those who believed the virus was developed intentionally in a lab were more likely to have distress disorder and anxiety disorder and had lower levels of job satisfaction and life satisfaction.ConclusionsThis paper identifies belief in a COVID-19 conspiracy theory as an important predictor of distress, anxiety, and job and life satisfaction of healthcare workers. It enables mental health services to better target and help mentally vulnerable healthcare workers during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Importance of Work-Related Events and Changes in Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction amongst Young Workers in Spain: A Gender Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4697
Author(s):  
David Cobos-Sanchiz ◽  
María-José Del-Pino-Espejo ◽  
Ligia Sánchez-Tovar ◽  
M. Pilar Matud
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Health And Well Being

A relentless stream of social, technological, and economic changes have impacted the workplace, affecting young people in particular. Such changes can be a major source of stress and can cause a threat to health and well-being. The aim of this paper is to understand the importance of work-related events and changes in the psychological distress and life satisfaction of young workers in Spain. A transversal study was carried out on a sample comprising 509 men and 396 women aged between 26 and 35 years old. The results showed that there were no differences between the men and women in the number of work-related events and changes experienced in the last 12 months, nor in terms of job satisfaction. The results from the multiple regression analysis showed that a greater number of work-related events and changes experienced during the last 12 months were associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction amongst men, but this was not the case for women. Although job satisfaction was independent from the men and women’s psychological distress when self-esteem and social support was included in the regression equation, greater job satisfaction was associated with greater life satisfaction for both men and women. It concludes that work-related events and job satisfaction are important for the health and well-being of young people, even though a larger number of work-related events and changes is associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction for men only.

Do front-line employees in the Chinese commercial banks have the rights to experience psychological well-being?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Content Type

Purpose By drawing on leader–member exchange theory, this study aims to understand the relationship between job autonomy, transformational leadership and psychological well-being mediated by job satisfaction among front-line employees in Chinese commercial banks. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study which consists of 96 respondents from 5 Chinese commercial banks is conducted. Findings Through data analysis, the results reveal that transformational leadership and job autonomy are significantly positively related to job satisfaction and directly related to the psychological well-being of front-line employees in Chinese commercial banks. Another interesting finding is that there is a mean difference between male and female front-line employees in Chinese commercial banks on the preference of job autonomy and transformational leadership. Originality/value The current study offers further evidence for which strategies Chinese commercial banks should adopt to enhance and protect the rights of front-line employees’ psychological well-being. As front-line employees in commercial banks play a vital role in contributing to bank profits and operational efficiency. They are not only the employees for making profits but also have the right to experience the psychological well-being as a human. Employees with a high level of job satisfaction and psychological well-being benefit both their own health and organizational performance in the long run.

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