An Early Devonian clam shrimp community from Hunan Province, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Huanyu Liao ◽  
Yanbin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Early Evolution ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Clam Shrimp ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract The Devonian saw the emergence and subsequent diversification of the clam shrimp. To date, there are no credible records of any clam shrimp prior to the Devonian. Therefore, discoveries and taxonomic studies of early forms, especially the Early Devonian species, are essential to broaden our knowledge of the origin and early evolution of clam shrimp. An Early Devonian clam shrimp community that consists of four species, Cornia cheni n. sp., Pseudestheria cf. P. diensti, Palaeolimnadiopsis zhangi n. sp., and ?Palaeolimnadia sp. is described and discussed in detail in this study. These species are the oldest clam shrimp in China and among the oldest worldwide. This discovery indicates that clam shrimp communities with high diversity existed since the late Early Devonian and that their early forms may have had a profound effect on the origin and evolutionary trends of the following forms. UUID: http://zoobank.org/ae9d0ab8-0b0e-4103-ad71-601d11a024fc.

Discovery of Pemphilimnadiopsis cheni (Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata) from the Benxi Formation in Taiyuan, North China and its stratigraphic significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-581
Author(s):  
HUAN-YU LIAO ◽  
XIN-NENG LIAN ◽  
JIAN GAO ◽  
CHEN-YANG CAI ◽  
ZHUO FENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
North China ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Clam Shrimp ◽  
The World ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Benxi Formation

Clam shrimp (Spinicaudata) are worldwide distributed branchiopod crustaceans specialised in ephemeral freshwater habitats. The Carboniferous is an important period for the early evolution and diversification of clam shrimp. Compared with the rare and geographically confined fossil record of the Devonian, clam shrimp in the Carboniferous have a much wider geographical distribution and higher biodiversity. Over 20 genera of clam shrimp have been recorded in the Carboniferous all over the world, but they are sparse in China. To date, five records of Carboniferous clam shrimp have been reported from China (Pruvost, 1927; Zhang et al., 1976; Wang, 1987; Zheng et al., 1988; Liu & Fan, 1995; Liao et al., 2019). Among them, four species Lioestheria? mathieui Pruvost, 1927, Protomonocarina huixianensis Wang, 1987, Retrofractus lingyuanensis Liu & Fan, 1995, and Pemphilimnadiopsis cheni Liao, Shen & Huang, 2019, are found in the Pennsylvanian Benxi Formation in North China (Pruvost, 1927; Zhang et al., 1976; Wang, 1987; Liu & Fan, 1995; Liao et al., 2019).

scholarly journals Postcranial osteology of Beipiaosaurus inexpectus (Theropoda: Therizinosauria)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257913
Author(s):  
Chun-Chi Liao ◽  
Lindsay E. Zanno ◽  
Shiying Wang ◽  
Xing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Yixian Formation ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Holotype Specimen ◽  
Anterior Half ◽  
Recent Diagnosis

Beipiaosaurus inexpectus, from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Sihetun locality, near Beipiao), Liaoning, China, is a key taxon for understanding the early evolution of therizinosaurians. Since initial publication in 1999, only the cranial elements of this taxon have been described in detail. Here we present a detailed description of the postcranial skeletal anatomy of the holotype specimen of B. inexpectus, including two never before described dorsal vertebrae from the anterior half of the series. Based on these observations, and comparisons with the postcranial skeleton of therizinosaurian taxa named since the most recent diagnosis, we revised the diagnostic features for B. inexpectus adding three new possible autapomorphies (PII-3 shorter than PIII-4, subequal length of the pre- and postacetabular portions of the ilium, and equidimensional pubic peduncle of ilium). Additionally, we also propose three possible synapomorphies for more inclusive taxa (Therizinosauroidea and Therizinosauridae) and discuss implications for evolutionary trends within Therizinosauria. The newly acquired data from the postcranial osteology of the holotype specimen of B. inexpectus sheds light on our understanding of postcranial skeletal evolution and identification of therizinosaurians.

scholarly journals Mesozoic mammals of China: implications for phylogeny and early evolution of mammals

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Evolution ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Mesozoic Mammals ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
Molar Morphology ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract All Mesozoic mammaliaforms reported from China are briefly documented herein. These forms can be divided into at least five major assemblages: Lufeng, Yanliao (Daohugou), Jehol, Fuxin and Bayan Mandahu, ranging from the Early Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous periods. Although the temporal and geographic distributions of these mammaliaforms are not dense, the records do reveal a pattern that is generally consistent with patterns that have been recognized globally. The initial stage of mammalian evolution was represented by stem mammaliaforms or primitive ‘triconodonts’ from the Lufeng. This was followed by the Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao episode that showed a high diversity and disparity of mammaliaforms in which terrestrial, swimming, arboreal and gliding species were present. The disparity, at least in molar morphology and types of locomotion, decreased but the diversity persisted into the Cretaceous, a period that was dominated by eutriconodontans, multituberculates and trechnotherians. The superb specimens from nearly all major groups of Mesozoic mammals in China provided a great amount of information that contributed to our understanding on some major issues in phylogeny and the early evolution of mammals, such as divergences of mammals and the evolution of the mammalian middle ear. A hypothesis on the transformation of the allotherian tooth pattern is proposed as an example to illustrate the potential for future studies of mammalian evolution.

Taxonomic studies on the genus Glyphodes Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) from Karnataka, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
P. Maheswara Reddy ◽  
M. Shankara Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

The specimens collected and reared to an adult stage on their respective hosts utilized to characterize the species of the genus Glyphodes based on morphological and genital characters of adults, revealed three species of the genus Glyphodes and were documented from Karnataka viz., Glyphodes caesalis Walker, Glyphodes pulverulentalis Hampson and Glyphodes vertumnalis Guenee on jack-fruit, mulberry and jasmine, respectively. These three species differ morphologically in having entire body green colour in G. vertumnalis, abdomen with oblique lateral stripes in G. pulverulentalis wherein, G. caesalis having sub-marginal black edged patch on costa with four spots. In genitalia, uncus greatly curved and beak shaped in G. vertumnalis, uncus slim and slightly curved in G. caesalis, whereas in G. pulverulentalis uncus long, narrow and slightly curved with short setae at apex.

Taxonomic studies on Psathyrella sect. Spadiceae.

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Vašutová
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Studies

Recent Rapid Climate Changes in Antarctic and their Influence on Low Diversity Ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACTThe geographic position, astronomic factors (e.g. the Earth’s maximum distance from the Sun during winter), ice cover and altitude are the main factors affecting the climate of the Antarctic, which is the coldest place on Earth. Parts of Antarctica are facing the most rapid rates of anthropogenic climate change currently seen on the planet. Climate changes are occurring throughout Antarctica, affecting three major groups of environmental variables of considerable biological significance: temperature, water, UV-B radiation.Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes than high diversity ecosystems

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