scholarly journals The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Meloni ◽  
Johan Swinnen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
The World ◽  
Wine Sector ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractThis paper analyzes the causes of the rise and the fall of the Algerian wine industry. It is hard to imagine in the twenty-first century global wine economy, but until about 50 years ago Algeria was the largest exporter of wine in the world—and by a wide margin. Between 1880 and 1930 Algerian wine production grew dramatically. Equally spectacular was the decline of Algerian wine production: today, Algeria produces and exports little wine. There was an important bidirectional impact between developments in the Algerian wine sector and French regulations. French regulations had a major impact on the Algerian wine industry, and the growth of the Algerian wine industry triggered the introduction of important wine regulations in France at the beginning of the twentieth century and during the 1930s. Important elements of these regulations are still present in European wine policy today. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)

Modern-World Archaeology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Orser
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Archaeology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Historical Antecedents

Historical archaeology has grown exponentially since its inception. By the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, practitioners of the field had conducted research throughout the world in locales only imagined in the mid-twentieth century. The spread of historical archaeology in Europe, Asia, and Africa—and other places with long, rich documentary histories—has meant that two senses of ‘historical archaeology’ now exist. The creation of modern-world archaeology seeks to define an archaeology of the post-Columbian world as an archaeology explicitly engaged in investigating the historical antecedents of our present age. This chapter explains the rationale behind the creation of modern-world archaeology, outlines some of its central tenets, and provides a brief example of one subject of relevance to the field.

Pentecostal and Charismatic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telford Work
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
Ecumenical Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
World Council ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Charismatic Christianity

Accounts of Pentecostal ecumenism tend to take two basic shapes. In one, the story of Pentecostal and charismatic ecumenism is subsumed into the wider course of twentieth-century ecumenism, whose centre has been the World Council of Churches. The other regards Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity as an ecumenical movement in its own right, expressed in innumerable informal relationships and recently embodied in the Global Christian Forum. These two popular visions often keep Pentecostals, charismatics, and mainstream ecumenists talking past one another. An inventory of the gifts offered, gifts received, and gifts withheld or rejected among these parties in twentieth- and twenty-first-century ecumenism leads to a different interpretation of their interrelationship. The ecumenical movement at large and Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity itself are both among the renewing tides in Christ’s ecclesial ecumene. The most significant Pentecostal/charismatic contribution to ecumenism may be its own spirit, and vice versa.

Bobs and the “Character of Our Citizenship”

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Leah Payne
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Public Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century

Many view the twenty-first-century white Pentecostal-charismatic rejection of feminism, and enthusiasm for self-professed harasser of women, Donald J. Trump, as a departure from the movement’s late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century origins wherein many Pentecostal-charismatic women were welcomed into the public office of the ministry. Early Pentecostal writings, however, demonstrate that twenty-first-century white Pentecostal orientations toward women in public life are based in the movement’s early theological notions that women must uphold the American home, “rightly” ordered according to traditionally conservative, white, middle-class norms. An America wherein women work and minister primarily in the domicile, according to early white Pentecostals, would be a powerful instrument of God in the world. Thus, no matter how transgressive they may have appeared when it came to women speaking from the pulpit, for the most part, white Pentecostals sought to conserve the traditional social order of the home.

AALS Annual Convention Plenary Panel: Impact of Globalization on Human Rights – Introduction of the Panel

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-374
Author(s):  
Dean Claudio Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Gabriel Garcia Marquez ◽  
First Century ◽  
Annual Convention ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
Ninth Symphony ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century

Addressing Human Rights requires that we consider both reality and imagination. What forces are shaping the world in which we live? What space is available for change? What role is played, and can be played by individuals? At a meeting of relatively young leaders of this hemisphere, organized by the Inter-American Development Bank at the end of the Twentieth Century, Gabriel Garcia Marquez was asked what we might expect from the Twenty-First Century as we emerge from the Twentieth Century, which distinguished itself with two world wars and with genocide. Gabriel Garcia Marquez responded by saying that we should not expect anything from the Twenty-First Century. He explained that everything relevant was the result of imagination, from the Ninth Symphony to heart transplants; they were in the heads of their inventors before taking place in reality.

scholarly journals Funding Panels as Declarative Bodies: Meritocracy and Paradoxes of Decision-Making in Modern Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 868-886
Author(s):  
Laura Stark
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
First Century ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Ideals ◽  
Twenty First Century

In the middle of the twentieth century, bureaucratic organizations that aimed to appear democratic began using expert groups as a kind of decision-making technology. I call these groups ‘declarative bodies’ and funding panels are one example. Declarative bodies are distinctive types of groups because they have the power to make things in the world through declaration: their words bring new objects into being. Building on philosophy of language, this article theorizes and explains the unusual structural constraints that members of funding panels labour within by virtue of being part of a declarative body. The article argues that these constraints stem from three democratic ideals: impersonality, objectivity and truth. When put to work through declarative bodies, these democratic ideals create paradoxes that have fundamentally shaped how funding panellists labour together. Further, I argue that organizations use funding panels formally and intentionally to create the appearance that decisions were made by a disembodied actor to sanctify the legitimacy of the organizations’ choices. Declarative bodies, such as funding panels, have actively altered the processes of knowledge-making, the contours of scientific communities and the products of knowledge itself. By the twenty-first century, it can be hard to imagine other acceptable methods of making decision in science, despite growing worries about the unintended, undemocratic outcomes they produce. This article encourages a critical curiosity to imagine new ways of making decisions, to declare new futures and to bring other worlds into being.

scholarly journals Modern Trends in Development of Winemaking

Economics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Lado Arabidze Lado Arabidze
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
The World ◽  
Wine Sector

Each year wine production is increasing in the world. New consumers emerge from around the world. As the wine business increases the new trends come on the consumer market and winemakers are trying to keep up. By the information from Statista – biggest business data platform in 2019 sales of the wine in dollars was 378 277 million USD. For the wine business 2020 was big challenge. As the world was covered with pandemic disease COVID-19. During the first part of the year the sales of almost every product got decreased, same happened to the wine market. So, the wine producers had to create new trends of selling the wines. This way the wine business started to adapt with the world pandemic situation. In the end of the 2020 you can already meet new trends in all the parts of the winemaking like: production, marketing, sales, logistics etc. As 2020 was a big challenge in winemaking, the new trends have been created. In the article we discuss what has become popular in 2020 and what had changed in the trends of wine consumer market. We discuss the trends like online wine markets and sommelier. Also, Article will include the types of wines that became trends in 2020. In the article we have outlined all the opportunities, which helped wine sector and the people who work in winemaking to adapt the changes in world. We have analyzed the most innovations that has emerged with modern technology and methodology of production. Also, we have discussed the influence of the new trends on social and financial profit. In the end we summarized all the trends and possibilities to implement them in Georgian viti-viniculture, how each opportunity will affect Georgian economy. The purpose of the development is to increase the quality and also to keep up with the modern demand on both local and international markets. Keywords: Modern Trends, wine trends, international wine economics, Covid-19 situation, international experience in wine industry.

The Inward Turn and the Future of Tort Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Abraham ◽  
George E. White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
First Century ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Data Theft ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
American Society

Abstract The future of tort theory cannot be sensibly imagined without understanding its past. Our aim is to understand where tort theory has been in order to predict where it may go. We contend that tort theory has experienced two different eras, and that it may well be about to enter a third. In the first era, spanning roughly the first three-quarters of the twentieth century, tort theory faced outward to the world, focusing on issues affecting redress for civil injuries that were being decided in the courts and emerging in American society at large. In the second era, roughly the last 30 to 40 years, tort theory turned inward and focused mostly on itself. The tort theory that has been done during this second era, valuable though it has been, may well have borne most of its scholarly fruit. We may therefore be ready to move into a third era, in which tort theory turns outward again and becomes occupied with the cutting-edge issues of tort law policy and principle that will be generated as the twenty-first century progresses. This Essay chronicles the first era, in which tort theory faced outward, the second era, in which tort theory turned inward, and identifies three issues that we believe may be on the tort theory agenda, when and if tort theory turns outward again. These involve the coordination and systematization of tort with other sources of regulation and compensation; redressing data theft and digital invasions of privacy; and heightened sensitivity to harm associated with sex, gender, and race-related misconduct.

Fantasiecle

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-196
Author(s):  
Peter Marks
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
World Wide ◽  
First Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexual Desires ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Way

An English computer whizz invented the twenty-first century. This, of course, is a fantastic claim, but Tim Berners-Lee rightly gets credited for inventing the World Wide Web, which became operational in the 1990s, and which quickly began to shape the way people around the globe learn, communicate, trade, debate, are manipulated, scrutinised and entertained, fall in and out of love, reinvent their identities, engage in politics, and indulge their fantasies and sexual desires. Such a state of affairs might have seemed impossible, or indeed unthinkable, for much of the twentieth century, the stuff of science fiction, although another Englishman had proposed something similar in the late 1930s.

scholarly journals The California Code

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Keith Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Slow Collision ◽  
The Way

Underlying so much of the economic and ecological turmoil unfolding in California and the rest of the world now is a slow collision between the operating systems of the resource-wasting, vertically managed twentieth century and the much more volatile ecological and economic conditions of the twenty-first century. This essay argues that California is leading the way in defining a new code to deal responsibly-and profitably-with climate change and its effects.

Revolutionary Politics in Twentieth-Century China

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Revolutionary Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century

Maurice Meisner was an important scholar of twentieth-century Chinese history, whose work focused on the ideological and bureaucratic dimensions of the People’s Republic and its origins in the upheavals of the first half of the century. This review considers aFestschriftincluding contributions from eight former students of Meisner, with articles on a wide array of topics across the period from the 1920s to the early twenty-first century. Strengths and limitations of Meisner’s work and his legacy are presented in conjunction with reflections on the underlying issues of the nature of contemporary China and its role in the world, and some related recent scholarly debates on the Left.

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