scholarly journals Policy Innovation and Policy Pathways: Tuberculosis Control in Sri Lanka, 1948–1990

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-533
Author(s):  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Organization Model ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Bacteriological Test ◽  
Health Organization

This paper, based on World Health Organization and Sri Lankan sources, examines the attempts to control tuberculosis in Sri Lanka from independence in 1948. It focuses particularly on the attempt in 1966 to implement a World Health Organization model of community-orientated tuberculosis control that sought to establish a horizontally structured programme through the integration of control into the general health services. The objective was to create a cost- effective method of control that relied on a simple bacteriological test for case finding and for treatment at the nearest health facility that would take case detection and treatment to the rural periphery where specialist services were lacking. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Sri Lanka had already established a specialist control programme composed of chest clinics, mass X-ray, inpatient and domiciliary treatment, and social assistance for sufferers. This programme had both reduced mortality and enhanced awareness of the disease. This paper exposes the obstacles presented in trying to impose the World Health Organization’s internationally devised model onto the existing structure of tuberculosis control already operating in Sri Lanka. One significant hindrance to the WHO approach was lack of resources but, equally important, was the existing medical culture that militated against its acceptance.

scholarly journals Women and HIV/AIDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Randa Abul-Husn
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Women And Hiv ◽  
Health Organization

The first case of AIDS was reported in Lebanon in 1988. As of July 1994, 2,402 cases of AIDS, 398 ARC (AIDS Related Complex), and 8,423 HN positive cases were reported in the region of the Middle East. The disease is heavily underreported and under-estimated, according to the National AIDS Control Programme in Lebanon. The NACP was established in 1989 by the World Health Organization and the Lebanese Ministry of Health.

scholarly journals Analysing Tuberculosis Trends in South Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5245
Author(s):  
Kumar Abhishek ◽  
M. P Singh ◽  
Md. Sadik Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the top ten causes of death in the world. As per the World Health Organization (WHO) around 1.8 million people have died due to tuberculosis in 2015. This paper aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations in TB incident in South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri-Lanka). Asia had been counted for the largest number of new TB cases in 2015. The paper underlines and relates the relationship between various features like gender, age, location, occurrence, and mortality due to TB in these countries for the period 1993-2012.</p>

scholarly journals Preventing the re-establishment of malaria in Sri Lanka amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad Ranaweera ◽  
Rajitha Wickremasinghe ◽  
Kamini Mendis
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Programmes

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on other health programmes in countries, including on malaria, and is currently under much discussion. As many countries are accelerating efforts to eliminate malaria or to prevent the re-establishment of malaria from recently eliminated countries, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to cause major interruptions to ongoing anti-malaria operations and risk jeopardizing the gains that have been made so far. Sri Lanka, having eliminated malaria in 2012, was certified by the World Health Organization as a malaria-free country in 2016 and now implements a rigorous programme to prevent its re-establishment owing to the high receptivity and vulnerability of the country to malaria. Sri Lanka has also dealt with the COVID-19 epidemic quite successfully limiting the cumulative number of infections and deaths through co-ordinated efforts between the health sector and other relevant sectors, namely the military, the Police Department, Departments of Airport and Aviation and Foreign Affairs, all of which have been deployed for the COVID-19 epidemic under the umbrella of a Presidential Task Force. The relevance of imported infections and the need for a multi-sectoral response are features common to both the control of the COVID-19 epidemic and the Prevention of Re-establishment (POR) programme for malaria. Sri Lanka’s malaria POR programme has, therefore, creatively integrated its activities with those of the COVID-19 control programme. Through highly coordinated operations the return to the country of Sri Lankan nationals stranded overseas by the COVID-19 pandemic, many from malaria endemic countries, are being monitored for malaria as well as COVID-19 in an integrated case surveillance system under quarantine conditions, to the success of both programmes. Twenty-three imported malaria cases were detected from February to October through 2773 microscopic blood examinations performed for malaria in quarantine centres, this number being not much different to the incidence of imported malaria during the same period last year. This experience highlights the importance of integrated case surveillance and the need for a highly coordinated multi-sectoral approach in dealing with emerging new infections. It also suggests that synergies between the COVID-19 epidemic control programme and other health programmes may be found and developed to the advantage of both.

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